Wilhelm Hallbauer

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Wilhelm Hallbauer (born March 30, 1889 in Strasbourg , German Reich ; died October 26, 1969 in Holzminden ) was a German architect , urban and spatial planner and perpetrator of the Holocaust in German-occupied Poland .

Life

Wilhelm Hallbauer was the son of a Prussian building councilor. He did his military service in the Navy and was drafted into World War I. Hallbauer studied architecture at the Technical University of Hanover and initially worked as a government master builder ( assessor in the public building administration). From 1920 he had his own architectural office in Hamburg and realized industrial buildings, office buildings, hotels, theaters, war memorials and villas. At the end of the 1920s, he switched to the real estate and financing business and was managing director of several construction and settlement companies. He was then appointed head of the City Extension and Garden Office in Wilhelmshaven . He planned the expansion of the war port and the expansion of the city there. For the Altengroden district in 1937, in the project sketch City of 300,000, he initially planned one thousand apartments.

After the German conquest of Poland at the beginning of the Second World War , Hallbauer became city planning director in Łódź in December 1939 . His job was to set up a new building administration based on the German model. The city, renamed Litzmannstadt, at the time the sixth largest city in the National Socialist German Reich (the Reich within its current borders, including the annexed Wartheland with Łódź), was to be transformed into a central German city, for which the Polish and Jewish residents were to be expelled . Since the infrastructure had not kept up with industrialization and population growth, the city should be fundamentally renewed. In January 1940 he presented fundamental thoughts on the Lodsch spatial problem , and had won over Herbert Volck for a völkisch-whispering introduction to his work . Hallbauer planned that 300,000 Jews and 50,000 Poles should be "evacuated", with the settlement of 400,000 Germans the city with the remaining 300,000 Polish industrial workers would have a population of 700,000 to 800,000. Hallbauer was able to bring a number of German civil engineers to Litzmannstadt as municipal department heads; in April 1940, the Berlin architect Walther Bangert was commissioned with an overall plan in which Hallbauer's megalomaniacal conception of the Nazis was trimmed to a target size of half a million inhabitants. The residential buildings, which were quickly erected on Adolf-Hitler-Strasse, were shot by a UFA film team for the propaganda film From Lodz to Litzmannstadt . Hallbauer set the framework for a “city without Jews”, in which the Jewish population of Łódź and the Jews deported here in the forced ghetto Litzmannstadt were cut off from all contact with the city. The building administration of the city under Hallbauer made these goals their own.

After the German invasion of the Soviet Union, Hallbauer commuted between Litzmannstadt and Lemberg in Galicia , which had been conquered by the Germans, from October 1941 , where he converted the urban planning to a division of the city between Germans, Poles, Ukrainians and Jews. In February 1942 he finally moved to Lemberg, since he was also appointed deputy to City Governor Egon Höller . In Lemberg on December 2, 1941, he created the urban planning prerequisites for the closure of the Lviv compulsory ghetto . As the second man in the city administration, he made sure that Jewish forced laborers from the Janowska concentration camp were ordered to do city ​​work. The city administration was involved in the organization of the forced ghetto, the concentration camp and its branch offices in many ways, and it enabled the SS and the gendarmerie under SS General Friedrich Katzmann to carry out selections , deportations and mass murders and the later disembarkation and cremation of the corpses in Lemberg. Hallbauer participated in the deception of the representatives of the forcibly established Judenrat . During a visit to Lviv by Governor General Hans Frank in 1942, Hallbauer was given the opportunity to give the guests of the state ceremony a lecture on the structural development of Lviv and to guide them through a model exhibition. In 1944 Frank commissioned him to prepare a representative gift from the General Government for Adolf Hitler's 55th birthday.

After the end of the war, Hallbauer worked as a freelance spatial planner in southwest Germany and also spoke about urban development in Wilhelmshaven. Nothing is known about its denazification . Later he lived as a construction director out of service and retired in Bad Nauheim .

Namesake

One namesake was Wilhelm Hallbauer, government inspector at the Reich Health Office , editor of the three-volume collection of German health laws (1940 to 1944) edited by Hans Reiter and Bernhard Möllers .

Fonts (selection)

Structural change in the city and the surrounding area (1958)
  • Basic thoughts on the Lodsch space problem . (Introduction by Herbert Volck ) Lodsch 1940.
  • Nürtingen district. Sociological investigation from the spring of 1947 . Nürtingen 1947.
  • Esslingen economic area 1948 . 3 volumes, Esslingen 1948.
  • Memorandum of the City of Pforzheim to the State Ministry and the State Parliament about the necessary restructuring of their economic district on the occasion of the formation of the Southwest State . Pforzheim 1950.
  • Wilhelmshaven 1952. Bad Nauheim 1952.
  • Structural change in the structure of the German communities as a result of the war and post-war consequences in the Federal Republic. Extract from the results of the spatial research contract Az. II - 1441 No. 5/53 of the Federal Minister for Housing - Bonn . Bonn around 1956.
  • Structural change in the city and the surrounding area. Problems and Outlook . (= Spatial research and regional planning, treatises , volume 34.) Dom, Bremen-Horn 1958.
  • Our environment. Attempt to account for 2000 years of German economic and urban development . Röck, Weinsberg (Württemberg) approx. 1962.
  • Spatial planning, a vital issue in Wilhelmshaven. In: Institut für Raumforschung (Ed.): Informations ( ISSN  0340-0689 ), 7th year 1957, issue 12, pp. 305–334.

literature

  • Gordon J Horwitz: Ghetto City. Lódz and the Making of a Nazi City . Harvard University Press, Cambridge (Mass.) 2008.
  • Niels Gutschow : mania for order. Architects plan in the "Germanized East" 1939–1945 . Bertelsmann, Gütersloh 2001, ISBN 978-3-7643-6390-1 .
  • Dieter Pohl : National Socialist Persecution of Jews in East Galicia, 1941–1944. Oldenbourg, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-486-56233-9 .
  • Thomas Sandkühler: Final solution in Galicia. The murder of Jews in Eastern Poland and the rescue initiatives of Berthold Beitz 1941–1944 . Dietz successor, Bonn 1996, ISBN 3-8012-5022-9 .
  • Ingo Sommer : The city of 500,000. Nazi urban planning and architecture in Wilhelmshaven . Vieweg, Braunschweig 1993, ISBN 3-528-08851-6 . (Dissertation, University of Oldenburg, 1990)

Documents

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b life data according to: Ingo Sommer: Die Stadt der 500,000th NS-Urban Planning and Architecture in Wilhelmshaven , Vieweg + Teubner Verlag, 1993, p. 363.
  2. ↑ a b c Thomas Sandkühler: Final solution in Galizien , 1996, p. 456f
  3. ↑ Horwitz, Ghettostadt , 2012, p. 36
  4. ↑ Horwitz: Ghettostadt , 2012, p. 121 f.
  5. ^ Niels Gutschow: Ordnungswahn , 2001, p. 144 f.
  6. ^ Niels Gutschow: Ordnungswahn , 2001, p. 144 f.
  7. ^ Niels Gutschow: Ordnungswahn , 2001, p. 145
  8. ↑ Lodz becomes Litzmannstadt , at the Federal Archives
  9. ↑ Horwitz, Ghettostadt , 2012, p. 122 f.
  10. ↑ Horwitz, Ghettostadt , 2012, p. 55
  11. ^ Sand cooler: Endlösung , 1996, p. 155
  12. ↑ Sandkühler: Endlösung , 1996, p. 161
  13. ↑ Sandkühler: Endlösung , 1996, p. 188
  14. ^ Sand cooler: Endlösung , 1996, p. 162 ff.
  15. ^ The official diary of the German Governor General , August 1, 1942, p. 532. Hallbacher there incorrectly .
  16. ^ The official diary of the German Governor General , March 29, 1944, p. 819. There, by mistake, Halbauer .
  17. ↑ At that time the sociologist Herbert Morgen was active in Wilhelmshaven , who like Halbauer came from Nazi spatial planning.
  18. ↑ VEJ, Volume 9, 2013, p. 177, fn. 2
personal data
SURNAME Hallbauer, Wilhelm
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German architect, urban and spatial planner, perpetrator of the Holocaust in occupied Poland
DATE OF BIRTH March 30, 1889
PLACE OF BIRTH Strasbourg , German Empire
DATE OF DEATH October 26, 1969
Place of death Holzminden