Zdravko Krivokapic

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Cyrillic ( Montenegrin )
Здравко Кривокапић
Latin : Zdravko Krivokapic
Zdravko Krivokapić in November 2020

Zdravko Krivokapić (born 2 September 1958 in Nikšić , SR Montenegro , SFR Yugoslavia ) is a Montenegrin university teacher , politician and Prime Minister of Montenegro since 4 December 2020 . On February 5, 2022, his government was removed by a vote of no confidence. She will remain in office on an interim basis until a new government is formed.

School and academic career

Zdravko Krivokapić was born on September 2, 1958 to Serbian parents, Drago and Ikonija Krivokapić, in Nikšić, the second largest city in the Yugoslavian Socialist Republic of Montenegro. After graduating from school in his homeland, he graduated in mechanical engineering from the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Production Engineering , University of Montenegro in 1981 . As the best student in the mechanical engineering faculty, he received the 19th decembar student prize in the academic year 1980/81 . He then enrolled in postgraduate studies in the field of production engineering at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering , University of Belgrade in 1983 and published his master's thesis on spare parts inventory planning and management in 1989 . In 1993 he received his PhD from the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in Podgorica . His dissertation was a contribution to the automatic design of the technological cutting process using an expert system . During his dissertation, he was a guest researcher at the Institute for Computer Application in Planning and Design at the Fridericiana University of Technology in Karlsruhe with the German IT engineer and pioneer of computer- aided design , Hans Grabowski .

He completed his internship in 1982 at Željezara “Boris Kidrič” , an ironworks named after the partisan and politician Boris Kidrič in his hometown of Nikšić . In 1983 he started as an assistant trainee at the Department of Production Engineering at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in Podgorica. In 1994 he was elected assistant professor at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Montenegro, before ten years later, in 2004, he received a full university professorship in computer science and quality management system . Since 1998 he has also been teaching information technology at the Cetinje Monastery Theological Seminary in the former Montenegrin capital of Cetinje .

He is President of the Organizing Committee and member of the Program Committee of the SQM Conference and the International ICQME Conference, as well as the editor of the International Journal for Quality Research , indexed in the Scopus database published since 2007 . Furthermore, Krivokapić is a member of the program committee of four journals and 13 international conferences. Since 1996 he has been the head of the Quality Center, which is also the first certified organizational unit of the University of Montenegro ( ISO 9001 ). From June 26, 2003 to May 21, 2006 he was a member of the collegial body of the Accreditation Body of Serbia and Montenegro. When Montenegro seceded from Serbia after the independence referendum in 2006 - Krivokapić had then voted for Montenegro to remain with Serbia - he was President of the Board of Directors of the Accreditation Body of Montenegro from August 2007 until 2016.

As part of his scientific research, Krivokapić has published more than 250 articles in national and international journals and conferences. He is the author of 16 (teaching) books and 13 scripts. He has also conducted 14 scientific research projects and 22 other professional projects during his career. As a manager, he realized eight scientific research projects and 17 other professional projects. In addition, Krivokapić is a member of the American Society for Quality (ASQ) and Head of the Center for Doctoral Studies at the University of Montenegro.

In 2011, six years before Montenegro officially joined NATO , Krivokapić was commissioned by the Montenegrin Ministry of Defense to provide information on the procedures for introducing a quality system and ways of implementing standards related to the NATO Quality Management System.

Political career

Entry into politics

Krivokapić was involved in anti-corruption protests in his home country in 2019 and in clergy protests in 2019-2020 over a newly passed controversial religion law in Montenegro. It was only in mid-2020, at the height of the political crisis in Montenegro and the open conflict between the Serbian Orthodox Church in Montenegro and the DPS -led Montenegrin government under Duško Marković , that Krivokapić decided to enter politics. He became the first president or list leader of the SPC, the Serbian Orthodox Church in Montenegro, supported NGO Ne damo Crnu Goru ( English : We will not give up Montenegro ), which had been founded by Montenegrin professors and intellectuals in support of the SPC , chosen. In a short time, the organization organized public events attended by Joanikije Mićović , the Bishop of Budimlja and Nikšić , and Gojko Perović , the Rector of the Theological Seminary in Cetinje, among others.

On 1 August 2020, the right -wing Democratic Front , Popular Movement and People's Socialist Party agreed to form a pre-election opposition alliance under the name Za budućnost Crne Gore (German: For the future of Montenegro ). Krivokapić then led the joint electoral list for the August 2020 parliamentary elections . On the same day he resigned as President of the NGO in order to head the opposition list from then on. Krivokapić set the main goals of the coalition in the event of its forming a government in the protection of human rights and ensuring freedom of opinion, media, thought and religion. In an interview, Krivokapić recounted that the person who most influenced him to enter politics was Montenegrin businessman Miodrag "Daka" Davidović , de facto leader of the popular movement who survived an assassination attempt in Belgrade in December 2019.

On July 24, 2020, following an opposition rally, criminal charges were brought against Krivokapić and five Orthodox priests on reasonable suspicion that they had committed an offense of failing to comply with health regulations to suppress a threat (from the spread of COVID-19 ). . At the same time, Krivokapić sent letters to foreign ambassadors in Montenegro, telling the ambassadors that the coalition wanted to draw the ambassadors' attention to a case of serious human rights violations. He also expressed suspicion that this could be a worrying introduction to the impending abuse of Home Office members to escalate the political crisis and intimidate the populace ahead of the upcoming elections.

General elections 2020

At 76.64%, the elections had the highest turnout since independence in 2006. Krivokapić brought it with his electoral alliance Za budućnost Crne Gore to 32.55% of the votes, which meant 27 seats in parliament and thus an increase of six seats. The multiple Prime Minister Milo Đukanović , who has been in control of the Montenegrin government for 30 years and even had 48 seats in parliament in the 2009 elections, had the most votes with 35.06% of the votes, but lost six seats in parliament as a result. This was also the first time that the incumbent governing coalition lost the majority in parliament. Shortly after the polls closed and before the final election results were published, Krivokapić announced the coalition's victory and declared that "freedom had happened in Montenegro". In his speech he also declared that there would be no revanchism ; he also offered ethnic minority parties to join the new government. Shortly after the positive outcome of the election, Krivokapić announced in an interview with the Russian news service Sputnik that he wanted to improve relations with Serbia and Russia in the future. He specified that Montenegro cannot and will not be under the influence of Serbia or Russia, but that its government will establish better diplomatic relations with both countries. He named Montenegro's accession to the European Union as the main priority of the new governing coalition .

Along with Aleksa Bečić , leader of Mir je naša nacija (German: Peace is our nation ), and Dritan Abazović , leader of Građanski Pokret Ujedinjena reformska akcija (German: Citizens' Movement United Reform Action ), Krivokapić agreed on several principles on which the future government will rest, including the formation of a government of experts, which should continue to work on the process of joining the European Union, fighting corruption, overcoming the polarization of society and the economic crisis. Furthermore, this government should take care of amending and revising discriminatory laws and statutes, including the controversial law on freedom of religion. Krivokapić also said that the new government in Montenegro would help to make the life of Serbs in Kosovo dignified and would work on preserving monasteries there.

When violent clashes broke out on the day after the elections, especially in Podgorica, between the partying novices of the opposition and the supporters of the still-governing DPS, Krivokapić subsequently condemned these clashes in the strongest possible terms and accused the DPS-led government of ethnic violence hate and to be responsible for the riots. Afterwards, Krivokapić urged supporters to stay at home and urged authorities to investigate incidents and prosecute riot offenders as soon as possible. Having previously campaigned for ethnic minorities in the country, he also welcomed minority parties of Bosniaks and Albanians in Montenegro and spoke of wanting to form a government with them.

In the period that followed, there were repeated minor disputes and other actions in Montenegro. For example, on September 2, 2020, the glass panes on the door to the Islamic community at the Hussein Pasha Mosque in Pljevlja were smashed and a threatening message was left on an outside wall of the building. Krivokapić condemned the incidents and again expressed the suspicion that the attack was carried out by supporters of the outgoing DPS government. He also gathered with clerics of the Serbian Orthodox Church in front of the Hussein Pasha Mosque for a protest; with the message that they are ready to defend the places of worship of all religious communities in Montenegro. Shortly thereafter, Krivokapić announced that as prime minister he would first visit Germany , which he sees as the most influential country in the EU. He also said that Serbia and Montenegro are the two closest countries geographically, culturally and historically and that the relationship between the two countries needs to be normalized. He said that the overwhelming majority of Montenegrin citizens would like the two countries to get closer again, but Serbia 's non-recognition of Kosovo would stand in the way. He also announced that the government will give high priority to strengthening this relationship.

On September 9, 2020, Krivokapić, together with Aleksa Bečić and Dritan Abazović, signed an agreement in which they promised that the new government would not launch any initiatives or procedures to change the national flag , coat of arms or anthem of Montenegro or not to recognize Kosovo . The agreement also provides that the new democratic government in Montenegro will responsibly implement all international commitments made by the state, strengthen and improve cooperation with NATO, and quickly, fully and vigorously implement all reforms necessary for Montenegro's full membership of the EU. In addition, Krivokapić noted that the new government is preparing for the worst-case scenario in relation to the economy of Montenegro. On the same day, he also stated that he was concerned because no other country in the region had congratulated him. In response to allegations that his coalition was closely linked to Serbian President Aleksandar Vučić , Krivokapić said he had never met Vučić . The coalition agreement between the three new parliamentary majority lists was unanimously criticized by pro-government Serbian tabloids and Krivokapić was described as " Amfilohije 's prime minister".

In response to this criticism, Krivokapić said in an interview with Sarajevo -based television channel Face TV that he was aware that Aleksandar Vučić and Milo Đukanović are in a much closer connection than he and someone closest to him and that the pro-government tabloids in Serbia are attacking him because Montenegrin President Đukanović and Serbian President Vučić still have good relations, which Vučić has denied, however, and urging Krivokapić to either publish evidence of his business ties with Đukanović or admit that he was lying had. He also added that he would find it scandalous that Vučić had not visited Montenegro once in the eight years that he has been in office.

In an interview with the German daily Die Welt , Krivokapić said that when he was in Karlsruhe in 1988 he saw that then-Chancellor Helmut Kohl was protected by only a single bodyguard and that he was chatting with assembled people. For Krivokapić, this was the first encounter with democracy, which he did not know from his homeland, which was governed under the communist regime of Tito . He further told the German daily that this is exactly the kind of head of government he wants to be: "someone you can talk to and criticize." On September 11, he commemorated the victims of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks , he stated that the new government will reaffirm its commitment to countering terrorism and countering all forms of extremism with its allies. At a meeting of opposition representatives Metropolitan Amfilohije and Bishop Joanikije in Ostrog Monastery on September 22, 2020, it was Dritan Abazović who proposed Krivokapić as the new Prime Minister of Montenegro. However, leaders of the Montenegro Democratic Front , Andrija Mandić and Milan Knežević , stated that Krivokapić no longer had full support within the Za budućnost Crne Gore coalition ; this mainly because of his critical attitude towards Vučić and his regime in Serbia.

Way to Prime Minister of Montenegro

On September 23, all 41 MPs from the three coalitions of the new majority in parliament officially endorsed Zdravko Krivokapić as prime minister-elect and elected Aleksa Bečić as the new parliamentary speaker . Just a week later, Krivokapić began talks with representatives of the parties of the three coalitions that had the parliamentary majority in Montenegro regarding the formation of a government. On October 8, Krivokapić was officially appointed prime minister-designate after President Đukanović gave him the mandate to form the new government.

In October 2020, Krivokapić was mainly elected by the Democratic Front of Montenegro (consisting of politicians from the New Serbian Democracy (NOVA), the People's Democratic Party of Montenegro (DNP), the Movement for Change (PzP), from Real Montenegro (PCG), from United Montenegro ( UCG) and the Workers' Party of Montenegro (RP)); especially by the three leaders of the Montenegro Democratic Front coalition: Andrija Mandić, Milan Knežević and Nebojša Medojević . Various allegations made by these same politicians were dismissed by Krivokapić. All three announced that support from their parties would be curtailed should they not become part of the new government. Mandić even specifically asked Krivokapić to resign his mandate and look for a new nominee. Medojević accused Krivokapić that the Metropolitan and Littoral Metropolitan , Montenegrin-Serbian businessman Miodrag “Daka” Davidović, but also the embassies of the United States and the United Kingdom in Podgorica, as well as Montenegrin media publishers Miodrag Perović ( Monitor ) and Željko Ivanović ( Vijesti ) would have a great deal of influence on him as prime minister-designate and they would also be involved in assembling his cabinet.

At a press conference held on October 29, Krivokapić publicly announced that the future government of Montenegro would have less prestige if the political leaders of the Democratic Front were included in the new government. He further accused the party leaders mentioned of not acting in the interests of the people, but of using the formation of the government for their personal and partisan interests, and thereby wanting to extend their term of office. He also told the media that the decades-long opposition did not win the election because the DPS-led regime knew these people very well.

After the interview, the leaders of the Democratic Front accused him of making a deal with Milo Đukanović and the DPS. Andrija Mandić also claimed that Krivokapić was appointed list leader after pressure and conditioning of the election support by parts of the Serbian Orthodox Church. He further added that all campaign funding came from the Democratic Front and that the Church, which had demanded that Krivokapić be listed as the front runner, had not contributed a penny to the campaign funding. He accused the church and Krivokapić of "acting on the orders of someone else from abroad" and also brought the US foreign intelligence service CIA into play. After a series of accusations from the leaders of the Democratic Front, Krivokapić scheduled a meeting with all parties of the new parliamentary majority the following day to resolve misunderstandings and other issues in forming a new government. The meeting ultimately confirmed the support of all parties in the new majority for Krivokapić's concept of an expert government, albeit without party leaders.

On November 1, 2020, Krivokapić was one of the funeral speakers at the funeral of Metropolitan Amfilohije, who died two days earlier from COVID-19 disease, in the Cathedral of the Savior on Blood, alongside Patriarch Irinej , Bishop Joanikije and Serbian poet, writer and academic Matija Bećković Podgorica. In his speech, Krivokapić also referred to Amfilohije's role in restoring faith and restoring holy sites in Montenegro since the fall of communism in 1990. Just three days after the funeral, Patriarch Irinej also tested positive for COVID-19 and died at 16 Days later, also suffering from the consequences of this disease. Krivokapić had previously publicly asked Duško Marković's outgoing cabinet to declare a day of national mourning on the death of the Metropolitan of Montenegro and the Littoral, but the government refused. However, at the local level, a day of mourning was declared by various municipalities ( Andrijevica , Budva , Berane , Kotor , Herceg Novi , Tivat and Plužine ).

On November 5, 2020, Krivokapić announced the composition of his cabinet and announced that due to the rationalization of state administration, the number of ministers in the cabinet would be reduced to twelve ministers, which was eight fewer than in the Marković government, which also came about as a result came about that some ministerial departments were merged and some abolished. As an example of this model, he cited the best practices from the Netherlands, as well as from Finland, and that rationalization should basically be an answer to the challenges that Montenegro is currently facing. He also announced that the future cabinet would be based on four key areas: rule of law, finance, education and health. As before, after the appointment of the ministers, Krivokapićs received criticism from the leaders of the coalition parties, who were dissatisfied with Krivokapić's decision. Based on the final agreement with the supporting parties, the new government with the main objectives will be limited to one year. The main goals include the fight against corruption, the depoliticization of public institutions after the 30-year DPS regime, as well as the reform of the electoral laws to prepare an atmosphere for holding new – according to Krivokapić “the first fairly organized” – elections in Montenegro. Some parties of the former regime, including the DPS, the LP and the SD , accused the prime minister-designate Krivokapić of selecting only orthodox Serbs for the new government, while at the same time some members of the new majority (from the Democratic Front) claimed that authentic Serbian representatives in Montenegro are not even part of the new cabinet. However, both sides (DPS and DF) were unanimous in criticizing the alleged interference of the Metropolitan and Littoral Metropolitans (or the Serbian Orthodox Church itself) in the formation of Krivokapić's cabinet.

On November 13, 2020, Krivokapić announced that hundreds of millions of euros would be funneled from Montenegro to neighboring Serbia by the outgoing DPS regime and that the money on the money would primarily go to accounts in Belgrade, where the money would be used to buy villas and apartments in the up-and-coming and still mostly under construction luxurious Belgrade waterfront (known in Serbia as Beograd na vodi (Eng.: Belgrade on the water )) would be bought. A large part of the money that flowed to Serbia was said to have been invested in this urban renewal project by the Serbian government.

The parliamentary vote on the new cabinet was originally scheduled for November 14, but had to be postponed to November 24 by consensus of all party leaders in parliament due to a COVID-19 case. The meeting was then postponed once more (to 2 December) as several parties in the outgoing government had insisted that the controversial Pogorica Assembly in 1918 would also have taken place on that date and they considered that date unacceptable and distasteful held. Because of this, they accused Krivokapić and his team of allegedly acting against the sovereignty and statehood of Montenegro. After the session was postponed again, Parliament Speaker Bečić reminded the public that the disputed date of the session had been set just one day before the sudden dispute of the outgoing DPS regime, with the presence and consensus of all parties. He also added that four years earlier, Parliament had voted for the previous government cabinet around the DPS, also in the period 24-28 November (the same period as the 1918 Podgorica Assembly). Bečić and Krivokapić both accused the DPS-led outgoing regime of again deceiving citizens and undermining inter-ethnic conflicts in order to delay democratic regime change in the country.

On December 4, 2020, the new government was elected by 41 out of 81 members of the Parliament of Montenegro, officially making Krivokapić Prime Minister of Montenegro, giving the Balkan state a government not controlled by long-term ruler Milo Djukanović for the first time in 30 years.

On February 4, 2022, after just 14 months in office, Krivokapić's government was overthrown by a parliamentary vote of no confidence. The vote was initiated by Deputy Prime Minister Dritan Abazovic after Krivokapić announced that he wanted to reshuffle the government in order to solve the reform blockade. Specifically, it was about the establishment of a minority government, which the Prime Minister hoped would work more efficiently.

Private/Family matters

Zdravko Krivokapić is married to Marijana Krivokapić , who is also a university professor. With her he has two daughters and three sons and is the grandfather of two grandchildren. Three of the children also have masters degrees, with one daughter having a PhD. The two youngest sons were still attending school when Krivokapić was elected Prime Minister of Montenegro.

Gojko Perović, the rector of the Cetinje Theological Seminary, described Krivokapić as a humble man and a Christian in the best sense of the word. Perović announced that every month Krivokapić donated money to the seminary's poorest student.

Krivokapić describes himself as a Montenegrin, but who knows his roots and would describe himself ethnically as a Montenegrin Serb .

In addition, Krivokapić thinks that ethnic Serbs in Montenegro are mainly not related to the area of ​​present-day Serbia by their origin, but would represent the autochthonous people of Montenegro. Thus, he refers to Montenegrin Serbs and ethnic Montenegrins as exactly the same people and frequently points out that the divisions between the two Montenegrin peoples are imposed and heavily politicized in recent historical circumstances.

Due to his origins, Krivokapić is a member of the Cuce clan of Old Montenegro (also Old Montenegro ).

On November 13, 2020, Krivokapić announced that he had contracted COVID-19 without even realizing it himself.

See also

web links

Commons : Zdravko Krivokapić  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

itemizations

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  58. ↑ Ovo je konačan spisak kandidata za Krivokapićevu vladu (Montenegrin), accessed 13 December 2020
  59. ↑ Ovo su biografije kandidata za nove ministre (Montenegrin) accessed 13 December 2020
  60. ^ a b [ balkans.aljazeera.net/video/iz-df-smatraju-da-su-zakinuti-optuzuju-spc-i-dio-medija Iz DF-a smatraju da su zakinuti, optužuju SPC i dio medija] (Serbian ), retrieved December 13, 2020
  61. ↑ Montenegro PM Designate says money being funneled to Serbia , accessed 13 December 2020
  62. ↑ a b Poslanički klub DPS tražiće promjenu datuma sjednice za izbor Vlade (Montenegrin), accessed 13 December 2020
  63. ^ a b c Naknadna pamet dozvala Podgoričku skupštinu (Montenegrin), accessed 13 December 2020
  64. ↑ "Krizu prevazići reformama i znanjem" (Montenegrin) accessed 13 December 2020
  65. ↑ Is the Djukanović era ending? , retrieved December 13, 2020
  66. ↑ Montenegro: end of a historic reform experiment? , published by DW on January 4, 2022
  67. ↑ Ko je Marijana Krivokapić, buduća prva dama Crne Gore? (FOTO) (Serbian), accessed 9 December 2020
  68. ↑ GOSPODIN DŽOKER Neočekivana sila ruši sve pred sobom, pa i MILA (Serbian), accessed 9 December 2020
  69. ↑ Ko je ŽENA Zdravka Krivokapića, čoveka koji je poslao Mila u PROŠLOST? Rodila mu je PETORO DECE, a evo kako izgleda (PHOTO) (Serbian), accessed 9 December 2020
  70. ↑ a b EVO KAKAV ČOVEK JE POBEDIO MILA: Otac Gojko Perović otkrio nepoznat detalj iz života Zdravka Krivokapića (VIDEO) (Serbian), accessed 9 December 2020
  71. ↑ Кривокапић: Влада је експертска, ако је тај експерт уједно и политичар, онда је то можда најбоља комбинац (Cyrillic), retrieved 02.02.12 December (Cyrillic)
  72. ↑ Zdravko Krivokapić, "Nemam mentora ni u Beogradu niti u Rusiji" (Serbian), accessed December 9, 2020
  73. ↑ Cuce nikada nisu niti će podržati četnike (Serbian), accessed 9 December 2020
  74. ^ Mandatory: Ako imate vjeru nećete se zaraziti pričešćem istom kašikom (Serbian), accessed 9 December 2020
personal data
SURNAME Krivokapić, Zdravko
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Кривокапић, Здравко (Cyrillic)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Montenegrin university teacher, politician and Prime Minister of Montenegro
BIRTH DATE September 2, 1958
PLACE OF BIRTH Nikšić , SR Montenegro , SFR Yugoslavia