Georgschacht colliery

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George shaft
General information about the mine
Coal Church Georgschacht.jpg
West portal of the colliery house, the "coal church"
Mining technology Underground mining
Information about the mining company
Employees 3000
Start of operation 1902
End of operation 1960
Funded raw materials
Degradation of Hard coal
Greatest depth 251 m (shaft I)
Greatest depth 353 m (shaft II)
Geographical location
Coordinates 52 ° 18 '46.8 "  N , 9 ° 10' 36.5"  E Coordinates: 52 ° 18 '46.8 "  N , 9 ° 10' 36.5"  E
Georgschacht (Lower Saxony)
George shaft
Location Georgschacht
Location Stadthagen
District ( NUTS3 ) Schaumburg
country State of Lower Saxony
Country Germany

The former mine Georg shaft located in the city Hagen in the district of Schaumburg in Lower Saxony . Hard coal was mined here from 1902 to 1960 .

geography

location

The Georgschacht was built about two kilometers southwest of the center of Stadthagen on a 60 acre property between the city center and Meinefeld . The area is located on the route of the Rinteln-Stadthagener Railway , which has only been used by a museum railway since 2007 , to which there was a siding .

geology

The coal-bearing layers in the Schaumburger Mulde were formed around 140 million years ago in the sweeping Lower Saxony basin. The 600 to 800 m thick Wealden - facies originated in a swamp area with tropical flora. The sandy - silty clay and sandstone banks of Berrias 3, Bückeberg -sequence lying in between are quarried as Obernkirchen sandstone in the Bückeberg .

The coal in the area of ​​the Georgschachts is in seams of different thicknesses . Seam 1 and seam 2, each around 20 cm, were considered not worth mining , nor were the deeper seams 4 and 5 at Stadthagen. Only the 46 cm thick seam 3 or "main seam" was mined .

The underground coal from the Georgschacht was a baking fat coal that made good coke and could also be used as forge coal . The average content of volatile components was 20.6%. The ash content was 11%.

history

prehistory

Around 1510, Albrecht Schluesselburg from Stadthagen received permission from Counts Anton and Johann zu Holstein-Schaumburg to mine hard coal in the Bückeberg near Nienstädt .

In December 1522, the forging office of the city of Bielefeld complained about the deteriorated quality of the Schaumburg coal delivered. Coal was exported to Bodenwerder in 1556 , to Marburg and Einbeck in 1558, and to Bremen in 1564 .

In 1604 there were three coal mines in Schaumburg. For the year 1612, Count Ernst ordered that 4 kuhlen at Bückeburg and Obernkirchen and 8 kuhlen at Stadthagen should deliver 18 loads of coal each week .

owner

After the division of Schaumburg in 1647 into Schaumburg-Lippe and the county of Schaumburg , the coal mines remained joint property. Every year, commissioners from both rent chambers in Obernkirchen checked the coal mines' invoices. With the frequent differences of opinion, the “highest place” had to be decided. The administration of the Stadthagener and the neighboring Sülbeck plant was merged in 1810. In 1841, the “Schaumburger Gesamtsteinkohlenbergwerke” came into being as a merger of all Schaumburg coal mines. Half of the ownership shares came into Prussian ownership in 1866 when Kurhessen was annexed with the Grafschaft Schaumburg and was transferred to Preussag in 1924 . In 1924, the latter bought the 1/6 stake in the ownership of the Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe and, in view of high balance sheet losses, took over 1/3 of the Free State of Schaumburg-Lippe in 1940 .

Shaft I.

After already more advanced in Obernkirchen conveyor shafts were created, the end of the 19th century was coal mining in the east of Schaumburg be rearranged mining area. As a central shaft, shaft I, with a diameter of 5 m to 251 m, was sunk southwest of Stadthagen from 1899 to 1902 . Its inauguration took place on December 8th, 1902, after Prince Georg who was present , the colliery was named Georgschacht . A rail connection to the Rinteln-Stadthagener Railway was built in the same year. The conveyor level was at a depth of 244.55 m. Underground coal production was modernized after 1910 with the use of pneumatic hammers and vibrating slides .

Power station

The power station building of the Georgschacht

On the later site of the Georgschacht, experiments have been carried out with the generation of electricity from coal since 1890 . By means of two 500 hp steam piston engines , around 1902 a higher efficiency of around 1% was achieved than with steam engines . The generation of one kilowatt hour of electricity required 12.3 kg of coal. In addition to covering their own needs, other customers in the area were also supplied. In 1905 a 7 km long 6 kV overhead line to Obernkirchen was built. The power plant Georg Schacht supplied in 1914 calculated 80% of the county Schaumburg. After the network connection with the Minden-Ravensberg power station and modernizations in 1916/17 and 1929, turbo generators with a machine output of 10 MW were installed on the Georgschacht .

Coking plant

After several preliminary tests, the coal washing and coking plant on the Georgschacht civil engineering plant had been running since December 1902 . The plant, with 60 Brunck- type furnaces each with a capacity of 6.1 t, produced around 85,400 t of coke , 2,400 t of coal tar and 1000 t of ammonium sulfate in 1910 . At the beginning of 1926, this plant was replaced by a state-of-the-art one, which could also process the mixed, less well-salable lean coal from the Lieth tunnel near Obernkirchen. Since production now exceeded internal requirements, gas had been supplied by pipeline to Stadthagen, Obernkirchen and Bückeburg and into the Ruhrgas network since 1930 . In 1952, the more than 200 employees in the coking plant produced 153,280 t of coke, 3,840 t of raw tar, 767 t of benzene and 1,440 t of ammonium sulfate from 181,560 t of hard coal . The better shelf life of coke than coal made it possible to survive the fluctuations in sales that occurred in the 1950s.

Colliery house

View through a window into the laundry room

The colliery was built between 1905 and 1908. It contained the wash shops and, in the eastern part, the administration of the mine. The prestigious building, built in Art Nouveau style, was unique in Schaumburg with its luxurious construction and was commonly known as the “coal church”. The entrance was in the south of the building. To the right were bath cubicles for the Steiger . The communal showers for the teams were located in the north of the wash houses . The hot water came from boilers in the attic of the administration wing and was heated by steam from the boiler house. The high central nave of the wash house with a roof made of steel profiles and flaps in the roof that could be opened for ventilation contained the clothing chain hoists . The way to work led past the lamp room through the exit in the west of the building. The mine rescue service had its rooms in the basement of the building complex and also operated a compressor system there to fill the breathing air bottles .

Shaft II

From 1925 to 1928 m 60 south of Shaft I of the 353 m deep shaft II sunk . The Georgschacht colliery thus became a double- shaft facility . The round shaft with a diameter of 5 m had a 32 m high headframe and its own conveyor building.

workshops

From 1913 three adjacent workshop halls were built. These housed a forge, the locksmith's shop and an electrical workshop. The remote fourth building was used by the joinery .

Spoil dump

Overburden and the slag from the boiler house of the power station were transported by means of two conveyor bridges over the loading tracks and across the street to an overburden dump . This reached an area of ​​120 acres and a height of up to 30 m.

Shutdown

On March 28, 1960, decided the Supervisory Board of Preussag to cease operation of the Georg shaft and the other mines in the Schaumburg district of the year. The city of Stadthagen succeeded in locating several branches of metal construction companies on the site as a follow-up use . After these facilities were closed around the 1980s, scrap and recycling companies mostly followed .

Condition and conservation

The water tower is one of the oldest surviving structures in the Georgschacht

The two winding towers, the conveyor bridges, loading systems, chimneys and the coking plant were dismantled. The coal silo was blown up in August 2006. The condition of the remaining buildings has deteriorated over the years. The colliery house, secured by construction fences, occasionally serves as an illegal adventure playground. So far, redevelopment plans at the Georgschacht have failed in view of the estimated costs in the tens of millions. In 1986, DM 400,000 was already in prospect for initial security measures at the “coal church”, which is a listed building . In 2017 the planning and construction committee of the city of Stadthagen discussed the renovation of the “coal church” and the substation from 2018 with funding from the LEADER program of the European Union, while the upper part of the water tower would be demolished at the city's expense, as a renovation is not acceptable for the owner.

The colliery house and the machine house are listed as the geotope under the number 3621/02 as the “building of the main Georgschacht mine of the former coal mining in Obernkirchener Revier” . The reason is their importance as geoscientific , cultural-historical objects.

In October 2019, large parts of the old workshop buildings burned down.

Web links

Commons : Georgschacht  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b hec: No money for the story. www.sn-online.de, April 18, 2017, accessed June 5, 2017 .
  2. ↑ a b c Ludwig Kraus: The Georgschacht. (PDF; 511 kB) Mining Working Group of the Adult Education Center Schaumburg, October 2014, p. 7 , accessed on September 17, 2016 .
  3. ↑ Karl-Heinz Grimme et al .: The Wealden hard coal mining in Lower Saxony. (PDF; 3.1 MB) Mining Working Group of the Adult Education Center Schaumburg, 2010, pp. 12–15 , accessed on September 17, 2016 .
  4. ^ A b c Karl-Heinz Grimme et al .: The Wealden coal mining in Lower Saxony. (PDF; 3.1 MB) Mining Working Group of the Adult Education Center Schaumburg, 2010, pp. 144–145 , accessed on September 17, 2016 .
  5. ↑ Karl-Heinz Grimme et al .: The Wealden hard coal mining in Lower Saxony. (PDF; 3.1 MB) Mining Working Group of the Adult Education Center Schaumburg, 2010, pp. 19–21 , accessed on September 17, 2016 .
  6. ^ Carl Martin Schunke & Georg Heinrich Breyer: The Schaumburg mining industry from 1386 and from 1614 to 1900. (1936). (PDF; 1.9 MB) Mining Working Group of the Adult Education Center Schaumburg, December 2011, p. 18 , accessed on September 17, 2016 .
  7. ^ Carl Martin Schunke & Georg Heinrich Breyer: The Schaumburg mining industry from 1386 and from 1614 to 1900. (1936). (PDF; 1.9 MB) Mining Working Group of the Adult Education Center Schaumburg, December 2011, p. 19 , accessed on September 17, 2016 .
  8. ^ Carl Martin Schunke & Georg Heinrich Breyer: The Schaumburg mining industry from 1386 and from 1614 to 1900. (1936). (PDF; 1.9 MB) Mining Working Group of the Adult Education Center Schaumburg, December 2011, pp. 215–216 , accessed on September 17, 2016 .
  9. ^ Carl Martin Schunke & Georg Heinrich Breyer: The Schaumburg mining industry from 1386 and from 1614 to 1900. (1936). (PDF; 1.9 MB) Mining Working Group of the Adult Education Center Schaumburg, December 2011, p. 24 , accessed on September 17, 2016 .
  10. ↑ Karl-Heinz Grimme et al .: The Wealden hard coal mining in Lower Saxony. (PDF; 3.1 MB) Mining Working Group of the Adult Education Center Schaumburg, 2010, pp. 63–64 , accessed on September 17, 2016 .
  11. ^ Carl Martin Schunke & Georg Heinrich Breyer: The Schaumburg mining industry from 1386 and from 1614 to 1900. (1936). (PDF; 1.9 MB) Mining Working Group of the Adult Education Center Schaumburg, December 2011, p. 25 , accessed on September 17, 2016 .
  12. ↑ a b Karl-Heinz Grimme et al .: The Wealden coal mining in Lower Saxony. (PDF; 3.1 MB) Mining Working Group of the Adult Education Center Schaumburg, 2010, pp. 71–72 , accessed on September 17, 2016 .
  13. ↑ Karl-Heinz Grimme et al .: The Wealden hard coal mining in Lower Saxony. (PDF; 3.1 MB) Mining Working Group of the Adult Education Center Schaumburg, 2010, p. 82 , accessed on September 17, 2016 .
  14. ↑ Ludwig Kraus: The Georgschacht. (PDF; 511 kB) Mining Working Group at the adult education center in Schaumburg, October 2014, pp. 12–14 , accessed on September 17, 2016 .
  15. ^ Walter Korf et al .: The Georgschacht coking plant of the Obernkirchen hard coal mine. (PDF; 1.9 MB) in: The development of the coking plant at the Schaumburg total hard coal works . Mining Working Group of the Adult Education Center Schaumburg, 2002, pp. 25–34 , accessed on September 17, 2016 .
  16. ↑ Ludwig Kraus: The Georgschacht. (PDF; 511 kB) Mining Working Group of the Adult Education Center Schaumburg, October 2014, pp. 15-17 , accessed on September 17, 2016 .
  17. ↑ a b Ludwig Kraus: The Georgschacht. (PDF; 511 kB) Mining Working Group of the Adult Education Center Schaumburg, October 2014, pp. 19–20 , accessed on September 17, 2016 .
  18. ↑ Ludwig Kraus: The Georgschacht. (PDF; 511 kB) Mining Working Group of the Schaumburg Adult Education Center, October 2014, p. 18 , accessed on September 17, 2016 .
  19. ↑ Ludwig Kraus: The Georgschacht. (PDF; 511 kB) Mining Working Group of the Schaumburg Adult Education Center, October 2014, p. 25 , accessed on September 17, 2016 .
  20. ↑ Colossus turns to rubble within ten seconds . ( dewezet.de [accessed on July 6, 2017]).
  21. ↑ tbh: Dangerous adventure playground. www.sn-online.de, February 10, 2017, accessed on June 13, 2017 .
  22. ↑ hec: Money for the Georgschacht? www.sn-online.de, April 24, 2017, accessed June 5, 2017 .
  23. ↑ Geotopes on the NIBIS map server, accessed on April 22, 2017.
  24. ↑ Katharina Grimpe: Major fire at PreZero on Georgschacht Stadthäger destroys warehouses. Retrieved November 6, 2019 .