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{{Taxobox
| name = False Killer Whale<ref name=MSW3>{{MSW3 Cetacea|id=14300078}}</ref>
| status = DD
| status_system = iucn3.1
| status_ref =<ref name="iucn">{{IUCN2008|assessors=Taylor, B.L., Baird, R., Barlow, J., Dawson, S.M., Ford, J., Mead, J.G., Notarbartolo di Sciara, G., Wade, P. & Pitman, R.L.|year=2008|id=18596|title=Pseudorca crassidens|downloaded=7 October 2008}}</ref>
| image = False killer whale 890002.jpg
| image2 = False_killer_whale_size.svg
| image2_caption = Size comparison against an average human
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| classis = [[Mammal]]ia
| ordo = [[Cetacea]]
| familia = [[Delphinidae]]
| genus = '''''Pseudorca'''''
| genus_authority = [[Johannes Reinhardt|Reinhardt]], 1862
| species = '''''P. crassidens'''''
| binomial = ''Pseudorca crassidens''
| binomial_authority = ([[Richard Owen|Owen]], 1846)
| range_map = cetacea range map False Killer Whale.PNG
| range_map_caption = False Killer Whale range
}}
The '''False Killer Whale''' ('''Pseudorca crassidens''', formerly ''Fiendar crassid'') is a [[cetacea]]n and one of the larger members of the [[oceanic dolphin]] family (Delphinidae). It lives in temperate and tropical waters throughout the world. As its name implies, the False Killer Whale shares characteristics with the more widely known [[Orca]] ("killer whale"). The two species look somewhat similar and, like the orca, the False Killer Whale attacks and kills other [[cetacea]]ns. However, the two dolphin species are not closely related.


The False Killer Whale has not been extensively studied in the wild by scientists; much of the data about the dolphin has been derived by examining stranded animals.


The species is the only member of the '''''Pseudorca''''' genus.
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==Description and behavior==
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[[Image:Pseudoorca Crassidens - False Killer Whale.jpg|thumb|left|False killer whale surfacing]]
This dolphin has a slender body with a [[dorsal fin]] that may be a foot high. One of the species' distinguishing characteristics is a bend and bulge (usually called the "elbow") half-way along each of the flippers. The tips of the tail fin are pointed and the middle of the tail has a distinct notch. The False Killer is uniformly coloured a dark grey to black. It grows to about 6 m long, may weigh 1,500 kg and lives for about 60 years.

The False Killer Whale is a social animal, living in groups of 10–50. It is a fast and very active swimmer. It may breach or jump clear of the water and will often land on its side with a big splash. On other occasions the dive may be very graceful, leaving very little wake at all. It will readily approach boats and bow- and wake-ride. It may also emerge from the water head held high upwards and with the mouth open, revealing some of its 44 teeth.


==Population and distribution==
Although not often seen at sea, the False Killer Whale appears to have a widespread, if rare, distribution in temperate and tropical oceanic waters. They have been sighted in fairly shallow waters such as the [[Mediterranean Sea]] and [[Red Sea]] as well as the [[Atlantic Ocean]] (from [[Scotland]] to [[Argentina]]), the [[Indian Ocean]] (in coastal regions and around the Lakshwadweep islands) and the [[Pacific Ocean]] (from the [[Sea of Japan]] to [[New Zealand]] and the tropical area of the eastern side).

The total population is unknown. The eastern Pacific was estimated to have in excess of 40,000 individuals and is probably the home of the largest grouping.

The false killer whale and a dolphin have mated in captivity and produced a fertile child.<ref>"Whale-dolphin hybrid has baby wholphin", msnbc.com, April 15, 2005.</ref>. This is apparently the first mating between two different species that has produced fertile offspring, i.e., without postzygotic barriers. This offspring is called a '[[Wolphin]]'.

==Human interaction==
[[Image:Pseudorca crassidens.jpg|thumb|left|False Killer Whale and [[Bottlenose Dolphin]] at the Enoshima Aquarium, Japan.]]
The False Killer Whale has been hunted, but not extensively, in the [[West Indies]] and [[Indonesia]]. In [[Japan]], a small number of these cetaceans are killed every year.

False Killers have long caused anger amongst fishermen fishing for [[tuna]] and [[yellowtail]]. The dolphins take the fish from the longlines used by the fishermen. This led to a concerted effort from Japanese fisherman working from [[Iki Island]] to deplete the species in the area - 900 individuals were killed for this purpose between 1965 and 1990.{{Fact|date=June 2007}}

On [[2 June]] [[2005]] up to 140 (estimates vary) False Killers were beached at Geographe Bay, Western Australia. The main pod, which had been split into four separate strandings along the length of the coast, was successfully moved back to sea with only one death after the intervention of 1,500 volunteers coordinated by the Department of Conservation and Land Management.

Several public aquariums in the world have False Killer Whales on display.
{{Clear}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
*''National Audubon Society: Guide to Marine Mammals of the World'' ISBN 0-375-41141-0
*''Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals'' ISBN 0-12-551340-2
*''BBC News: Beached whales saved in Australia'' (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/4602429.stm)
*''MSNBC: Whale-dolphin hybrid has baby wholphin'' (http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7508288/)

==External links==
*[http://www.wdcs.org: Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society]

{{Cetacea|O.}}
{{cetaceaportal}}

[[Category:Cetaceans of Australia]]
[[Category:Fauna of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Fauna of Southeast Asia]]
[[Category:Fauna of Thailand]]
[[Category:Mammals of Asia]]
[[Category:Mammals of Europe]]
[[Category:Mammals of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Oceanic dolphins]]
[[Category:Megafauna]]
[[Category:Megafauna of Eurasia]]
[[cs:Kosatka černá]]
[[da:Halvspækhugger]]
[[de:Kleiner Schwertwal]]
[[es:Pseudorca crassidens]]
[[fr:Fausse orque]]
[[ko:흑범고래]]
[[it:Pseudorca crassidens]]
[[he:עבשן קטלני]]
[[lt:Juodoji orka]]
[[nl:Zwarte zwaardwalvis]]
[[ja:オキゴンドウ]]
[[no:Pseudorca]]
[[pl:Orka karłowata]]
[[pt:Falsa-orca]]
[[simple:False Killer Whale]]
[[fi:Pikkumiekkavalas]]
[[sv:Falsk späckhuggare]]

Revision as of 19:03, 13 October 2008

False Killer Whale[1]
Size comparison against an average human
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Mammalia
Order:
Cetacea
Family:
Delphinidae
Genus:
Pseudorca

Reinhardt, 1862
Species:
P. crassidens
Binomial name
Pseudorca crassidens
(Owen, 1846)
False Killer Whale range

The False Killer Whale (Pseudorca crassidens, formerly Fiendar crassid) is a cetacean and one of the larger members of the oceanic dolphin family (Delphinidae). It lives in temperate and tropical waters throughout the world. As its name implies, the False Killer Whale shares characteristics with the more widely known Orca ("killer whale"). The two species look somewhat similar and, like the orca, the False Killer Whale attacks and kills other cetaceans. However, the two dolphin species are not closely related.

The False Killer Whale has not been extensively studied in the wild by scientists; much of the data about the dolphin has been derived by examining stranded animals.

The species is the only member of the Pseudorca genus.

Description and behavior

False killer whale surfacing

This dolphin has a slender body with a dorsal fin that may be a foot high. One of the species' distinguishing characteristics is a bend and bulge (usually called the "elbow") half-way along each of the flippers. The tips of the tail fin are pointed and the middle of the tail has a distinct notch. The False Killer is uniformly coloured a dark grey to black. It grows to about 6 m long, may weigh 1,500 kg and lives for about 60 years.

The False Killer Whale is a social animal, living in groups of 10–50. It is a fast and very active swimmer. It may breach or jump clear of the water and will often land on its side with a big splash. On other occasions the dive may be very graceful, leaving very little wake at all. It will readily approach boats and bow- and wake-ride. It may also emerge from the water head held high upwards and with the mouth open, revealing some of its 44 teeth.


Population and distribution

Although not often seen at sea, the False Killer Whale appears to have a widespread, if rare, distribution in temperate and tropical oceanic waters. They have been sighted in fairly shallow waters such as the Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea as well as the Atlantic Ocean (from Scotland to Argentina), the Indian Ocean (in coastal regions and around the Lakshwadweep islands) and the Pacific Ocean (from the Sea of Japan to New Zealand and the tropical area of the eastern side).

The total population is unknown. The eastern Pacific was estimated to have in excess of 40,000 individuals and is probably the home of the largest grouping.

The false killer whale and a dolphin have mated in captivity and produced a fertile child.[3]. This is apparently the first mating between two different species that has produced fertile offspring, i.e., without postzygotic barriers. This offspring is called a 'Wolphin'.

Human interaction

False Killer Whale and Bottlenose Dolphin at the Enoshima Aquarium, Japan.

The False Killer Whale has been hunted, but not extensively, in the West Indies and Indonesia. In Japan, a small number of these cetaceans are killed every year.

False Killers have long caused anger amongst fishermen fishing for tuna and yellowtail. The dolphins take the fish from the longlines used by the fishermen. This led to a concerted effort from Japanese fisherman working from Iki Island to deplete the species in the area - 900 individuals were killed for this purpose between 1965 and 1990.[citation needed]

On 2 June 2005 up to 140 (estimates vary) False Killers were beached at Geographe Bay, Western Australia. The main pod, which had been split into four separate strandings along the length of the coast, was successfully moved back to sea with only one death after the intervention of 1,500 volunteers coordinated by the Department of Conservation and Land Management.

Several public aquariums in the world have False Killer Whales on display.

References

  1. ^ Mead, J. G.; Brownell, R. L. Jr. (2005). "Order Cetacea". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 723–743. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  2. ^ Template:IUCN2008
  3. ^ "Whale-dolphin hybrid has baby wholphin", msnbc.com, April 15, 2005.

External links

Template:Cetaceaportal

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