Male prostitution and Wikipedia:Redirects for discussion/Log/2008 October 13: Difference between pages
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<noinclude>{{rfd log header|2008|October 12|2008|October 14}}</noinclude> |
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{{otheruses|Gigolo (disambiguation)}} |
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===October 13=== |
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A '''gigolo''', '''hustler''' or '''male prostitute''' is a male who engages in the sale of their sexual services by [[prostitution]]. The [[gender]] of a male prostitute's sexual partner or the [[sexual act]] that he and the client participates in may not indicate a prostitute’s (self-identified) [[sexual orientation]]; a male prostitute may be of any [[sexual orientation]] regardless of his client's gender.<ref name="Dynes">{{cite book | last=Dynes | first=Wayne R. | chapter=Prostitution | title=Encyclopedia of Homosexuality | pages=Vol 2; pp. 1054-1058 | location=Chicago | publisher=St. James Press | year=1990 | isbn=1558621474}}</ref><ref>See, for example, Padilla who analyzes the male sex industry in the Dominican Republic: while these men have sex with male tourists, they nevertheless consider themselves as “normal” heterosexual men and maintain relationships with wives or girlfriends.</ref> Compared to female sex workers, male sex workers have been far less studied by researchers, and while studies suggest that there are differences between the ways these two groups look at their work, more research is needed.<ref>Weitzer, 8.</ref> |
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<noinclude>This is a list of redirects that have been proposed for deletion or other action on October 13, 2008</noinclude> |
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====[[Casino Royale (1954)/]] → [[Casino Royale (Climax!)]]==== |
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<span id="Casino Royale (1954)/" /> |
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Completely improbable redirect. I would speedy it as an obvious typo but it's been in place for nine months. [[User:Otto4711|Otto4711]] ([[User talk:Otto4711|talk]]) 04:01, 13 October 2008 (UTC) |
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==Slang== |
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Common slang terms for males involved in prostitution in the [[Anglosphere]] include "escorts", "man-whores", "rentboys", "hustlers", "working boys", "trade", "call-boys", and "gigolos". |
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====[[René Portacarrero]] → [[René Portocarrero]]==== |
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Slang terms from other regions include: |
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<span id="René Portacarrero" /> |
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* hímringyó (Hungarian) |
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* taxi boys (Argentina and to a lesser extent in Chile) |
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* pinguero (Cuba) |
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* marica, chapero, puto mamavergas. (gay), prostituto, puto, gigolo (Spain) |
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* flete, gigolo or gigolón (Peru) |
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* Prostituto (Portugal) |
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* jigolo (pl. jigololar) (Turkey) |
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* chichifo (pl. chichifos) (Mexico) |
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* callboys (Germany and in the Philippines) |
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* 鸭子 → ''yāzǐ'', meaning "duck" (Mainland China) |
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* kucing (Garong), meaning "cat" (Indonesia) |
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* gigolò, puttano, marchetta, escort (Italy) |
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* garoto de programa, meaning "program boy", michê (Brazil) |
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* Tapins (France) gigolo, escorte (France and Quebec) |
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* Trækkerdreng meaning "boy that walks the streets" (Denmark) |
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* Gandu, Londe-Baaz, Hijra (South-Asia) |
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* ζιγκολό - zigkolo (Greece) |
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* žigolo (Serbia) |
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* żigolo, żigolak (Poland) |
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* Stricher (Germany) |
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* 선수 sunsoo, meaning "player" (S.Korea) |
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Caused by an uncommon misspelling of the artist's surname. [[User:Wavehunter|Wavehunter]] ([[User talk:Wavehunter|talk]]) 04:03, 13 October 2008 (UTC) |
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The rentboy name is derived either from the fact that the boys were renting themselves out, or that they paid their rent with their earnings. An escort who does not identify as gay, but who has sex with male clients{{Clarifyme|date=August 2008}}, is sometimes called "[[gay for pay]]" or "rough trade". Male prostitutes offering services to female customers are sometimes known as "gigolos". |
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*'''Weak keep''' - for those unfamiliar with the spelling it's a plausible error. Some apparently reliable sources make the error, as does [http://www.christies.com/LotFinder/lot_details.aspx?pos=3&intObjectID=4323073&sid= Christies]. [[User:Otto4711|Otto4711]] ([[User talk:Otto4711|talk]]) 04:20, 13 October 2008 (UTC) |
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====[[Forked River Borough, New Jersey]] → [[Forked River, New Jersey]]==== |
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Clients, especially ones who pick up escorts on the street or in bars, are sometimes called [[John (prostitution)|"john]]s" or "tricks". Those working in prostitution sometimes refer to their trade as "turning tricks". |
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<span id="Forked River Borough, New Jersey" /> |
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non-existent entity, improbable redirect. Minor nuisance for searching, as the redirect comes up before the actual entry, minor, non-zero potential for causing confusion [[User:Jd2718|Jd2718]] ([[User talk:Jd2718|talk]]) 07:04, 13 October 2008 (UTC) |
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People who prostitute themselves with others while in an amorous/sexual relationship are sometimes said to hustle "on the side". |
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*'''Keep'''. As a former proposal, this is a plausible search term. See [[User talk:NE2#Forked River Borough, New Jersey]]. --[[User talk:NE2|NE2]] 07:18, 13 October 2008 (UTC) |
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==Male prostitution in other cultures and periods== |
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{{seealso|Category:Prostitution by country}} |
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Male prostitution has been found in all advanced cultures.<ref name="Dynes" /> The practice in the ancient world of the selling of sexual favors by men or women in sacred shrines, or "sacred prostitution", is attested to in the [[Old Testament]]. Prostitutes in [[ancient Greece]] were generally slaves, as prostitutes could lose their civic rights.<ref name="Dynes" /> Ancient Greece and [[ancient Rome]] both saw the existence of male brothels.<ref name="Dynes" /> Work as a same-sex male prostitute in the [[Islamic Golden Age|Medieval Islamic world]] was similarly restricted to social "inferiors" such as boys and slaves, and while frequenting prostitutes was considered a sin, the practice was nevertheless tolerated.<ref name=Dunne>{{cite journal | last=Dunne | first=Bruce | coauthors= | title=Power and Sexuality in the Middle East | journal=Middle East Report | volume= | issue=206 | pages= 8| id= | month=Spring | year=1998 | url=http://www.merip.org/mer/mer206/bruce.htm | accessdate=2008-01-30| doi=10.2307/3012472}} "male prostitutes were understood to submit to penetration for gain rather than pleasure; and boys, "being not yet men, could be penetrated without losing their potential manliness." That an adult male might take pleasure in a subordinate sexual role, in submitting to penetration, was deemed "inexplicable, and could only be attributed to pathology."; "Sex with boys or male prostitutes made men "sinners" but did not undermine their public position as men or threaten the important social values of female virginity or family honor."</ref> |
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*'''Delete.''' Based upon [[User talk:NE2#Forked River Borough, New Jersey|the discussion]] that NE2 (the redirect's creator) cited above, the redirect's usefulness depends on the following:<br/>1. Someone must be unfamiliar with Forked River, New Jersey.<br />2. He/she must nonetheless encounter the text of or a reference to an 85-year-old failed proposal to incorporate Forked River as a borough (something so obscure that it has zero Google web hits and that I was entirely unfamiliar with despite residing in Forked River for 23 years).<br />3. He/she must somehow do so without realizing that said proposal pertained to an existent (both then and now) unincorporated area called "Forked River, New Jersey" (which he/she otherwise would type instead).<br />4. He/she must decide to type "Forked River Borough, New Jersey", despite the fact that Wikipedia never uses this format for the title of an article about a New Jersey borough unless there is a separate incorporated New Jersey municipality with the same name. (This applies to six of our 294 articles about past and present New Jersey boroughs.)<br />5. He/she must have JavaScript disabled. (Otherwise, the article's actual title would appear before he/she could type more than "Forked Ri".)<br />It seems substantially less plausible for all of the above to occur than it is for someone to be confused by the incorrect reference to Forked River as a "borough" that appears before the article's actual title for most users performing a search. —[[User:David Levy|David Levy]] 07:30, 13 October 2008 (UTC) |
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Historical evidence from court records and vice investigations shows male prostitution in what is now the United States as early as the late 1600s. With the expansion of urban areas and aggregation of gay communities toward the end of the nineteenth century male/male prostitution became more apparent, and included baths, brothels such as the Paresis Hall in the Bowery district of New York, and prostitution bars in which so-called "fairies" solicited other men for sex and received a commission for selling drinks.<ref>Heather Lee Miller, ''Prostitution, Hustling, and Sex Work''.</ref> |
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::Redirects have always been very "cheap" and only deleted when there is a good reason to do so. The only possible such reason you give would be appearing first in the search, but a recent change should not affect long-standing practice. (Would you have [[BNSF Railroad]] deleted for the same reason?) --[[User talk:NE2|NE2]] 08:22, 13 October 2008 (UTC) |
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*[[Bacchá]] – in northern Turkic-speaking areas of Central Asia, an adolescent of twelve to sixteen who was a performer practiced in erotic songs and suggestive dancing and was available as a sex worker. |
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*[[Hijra (India)|Hijra]] – in the [[Indian subcontinent]], a physically male or [[intersex]] person who may enter into prostitution. |
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*[[Jineterismo|Jinetero]] – literally "horse jockey" (i.e. someone who "rides" tourists), this is a term used to describe [[Cuba]]n male prostitutes (female prostitutes are called "[[jinetera]]"). |
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*[[Kagema]] – young male prostitutes in [[Edo period]] of [[Japan]] whose clients were largely adult men. |
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*[[Sanky-panky]] – a male sex worker in the [[Caribbean]] who solicits on beaches and has clients of both sexes. |
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:::1. You've continually implied that the software change's relative recentness renders such a concern invalid or weak. Why is this? To our readers, what is the timeline's relevance? Are we trying to make the encyclopedia user-friendly, or are we staking claims based on chronology? |
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==Present-day male prostitution== |
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:::2. [[BNSF Railroad]] is a highly plausible search/link term (and one that doesn't mislead anyone regarding the subject's basic nature). For the reasons noted above, this is not true of [[Forked River Borough, New Jersey]]. Redirects are cheap, but they aren't free. —[[User:David Levy|David Levy]] 08:36, 13 October 2008 (UTC) |
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===Overview=== |
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In same-sex male prostitution, participants may engage in a variety of sexual acts based on the client's desire and sexual orientation. Although some prostitutes may restrict the clients, restrictions often fall when the price of the service increases. Commonly performed sexual acts include [[masturbation]], single or jointly performed, [[oral sex]] on or by the client, [[anal intercourse]] performed by or on clients.<ref name="Dynes" /> |
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::::The article makes it clear: "Forked River (pronounced fork'id river) is a census-designated place and unincorporated area". --[[User talk:NE2|NE2]] 08:38, 13 October 2008 (UTC) |
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Some young men come to hustling only once; some engage briefly while others work as hustlers for an extended length of time.<ref name="Dynes" /> Financial incentives may be the primary reason that prostitutes engage in this work, but they are by no means the only reasons.<ref>see, for example, [http://www.enmp.org/downloads/activity_report_compr.pdf European Network Male Prostitution ACTIVITY REPORT november 2003 (pdf file)], "Practical experiences of Men in Prostitution" (Sweden, Denmark, Stokholm), pp. 23-26: "The motives for selling sex vary a lot. Half of the interviewed men have fulltime work or are under education, while the other half is unemployed. One person was 13 and another 16 when they were sexual exploited for money the first time. The others were between 18 and 25 years of age when they did their prostitution debut. For all interviewed the debut into prostitution became a result of social poverty, need of extra money, coincidences and/or sexual fantasies. The coincidence is explained as “I was on the internet looking for sex, a guy offered me money and I thought why not?""</ref> Hustling ''may'' also confer on the hustler a sense of [[self-worth]] (when he feels desired by the client), or of [[social status]] (when treated to expensive restaurants, high-end designer clothes, or travel destinations)<ref name="Dynes" />, or in some cases erotic gratification, or of societal rebellion (breaking social conventions) or mystery.<ref>See, John Preston, ''supra'', 24-25.</ref> Conversely, some prostitutes may also experience a sense of self-destructiveness or exploitation, or difficulty in distancing private sex from commercial sex, or suffer from the social stigma (see below) of hustling. <ref name="negatives">see, for example, [http://www.enmp.org/downloads/activity_report_compr.pdf European Network Male Prostitution ACTIVITY REPORT november 2003 (pdf file)], "Practical experiences of Men in Prostitution" (Sweden, Denmark, Stokholm), pp. 23-26: "All [the] interviewed men [in Denmark] are aware of societies’ negative perception of prostitution and do whatever possible to cover up. As a result they live double lives and create more and more distance from close relations and the wider society. Isolation and sufferance from not having anybody to share prostitution experiences with is profound. Some men describe[d] how the clients are their main or only social relation to society, and consider the relations as sexual friendships or the customers as father figures."</ref> The reasons for hustling are thus extremely personal and may involve a mixture of positive and negative justifications. |
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:::::1. That text makes it clear to people who are familiar with New Jersey's governmental structure (and therefore realize that the above cannot apply to a New Jersey borough). That describes you and me, but not most readers. |
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Few prostitutes in the West rely exclusively on sex for their income. <ref>John Preston, ''supra'', p.37</ref> Some prostitutes supplement their income by work as a [[pornographic actor]] or model (and vice-versa), [[nude model]], [[massage therapist]], [[burlesque]] dancer (a "[[Go-Go dancer|go-go boy]]", "[[Striptease|erotic dancer]]" or, in the Philippines, "macho dancer"), by performing in [[sex show]]s or by running a personal website (with, for example, pictures and [[cam whore|erotic webcam shows]] available for subscribers). Other prostitutes have jobs entirely unrelated to the sex industry. |
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:::::2. As explained above, [[Forked River Borough, New Jersey]] is an extremely unlikely target. The redirect's potential harm might be minimal, but its potential usefulness is negligible. |
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:::::3. You didn't answer my question about your repeated references to the software change's recentness (which you also ignored when I posted it on your talk page). —[[User:David Levy|David Levy]] 08:58, 13 October 2008 (UTC) |
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::::::I point out that it's a recent change because we shouldn't go changing current practice without discussing it somewhere like [[Wikipedia talk:Redirect]]. --[[User talk:NE2|NE2]] 10:01, 13 October 2008 (UTC) |
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The same complexity of motives may underlie the justifications of the prostitutes's client: although sexual gratification is often a primary motive, the client may also be moved by many emotional concerns (including issues related to sexual orientation, power and emotional attachment, their own age and attractiveness), as well as needs for special treatment (i.e. fetishes, sadism, humiliation, etc.)<ref name="Dynes" />. The clients in male prostitution are not exclusively older gay men.<ref>John Preston (''supra'') states anecdotaly that "most customers are between thirty and fifty years of age" p.55. The [http://www.enmp.org/downloads/activity_report_compr.pdf European Network Male Prostitution ACTIVITY REPORT november 2003 (pdf file)], "Practical experiences of Men in Prostitution" (Sweden, Denmark, Stokholm), pp. 23-26 gives similar age ranges: 35-55 (Sweden), 35-60 (Denmark).</ref> Typical clients include [[Same-sex marriage|married men]], business men, inexperienced gay men, gay men looking for sex, and gay and straight couples. <ref>Preston, pp. 55-71. The surveyed prostitutes in Denmark in the [http://www.enmp.org/downloads/activity_report_compr.pdf European Network Male Prostitution ACTIVITY REPORT november 2003 (pdf file)], "Practical experiences of Men in Prostitution" (Sweden, Denmark, Stokholm) pp. 23-26, described their clients as "bisexual men, probably married" (p.25).</ref> |
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::Deleting redirects is also cheap. A user wanting the borough (extremely unlikely) will find Forked River, New Jersey, with a zero chance of confusion. And I presume you will add information about the non-existent borough to the article about the existing town? However, a user wanting the town and not knowing about the borough (far more common, right?) has a real chance of being confused. I understand that you are working towards consistency, but when consistency interferes with the encyclopedia, you need to consider what the goal here is. [[User:Jd2718|Jd2718]] ([[User talk:Jd2718|talk]]) 13:08, 13 October 2008 (UTC) |
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Some male clients may prefer escorts who are [[crossdresser]]s or pre-operative [[transsexual]]s. |
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*'''Keep''' I don't see why this redirect '''must''' be deleted. Someone could conceivably encounter the reference to Forked River as a borough when doing research on New Jersey municipal history. This naming convention is what is used by the U.S. Census Bureau, for example. This name also makes it easy for automated tools to create links because of its standard format. There should be some mention of the borough proposal in the township article though. --[[User:Polaron|Polaron]] | [[User talk:Polaron|Talk]] 12:20, 13 October 2008 (UTC) |
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Male prostitution with male clients is more or less tolerated in a number of Western and non-Western countries. This kind of sexual relationship may be a transitory practice with financial benefits for a young man on the road to adulthood which he will subsequently abandon once he is married. This can be especially true in societies in which a young man's access to women is strictly prohibited before marriage. The tolerance, reduced price and exoticism of male prostitution in other countries leads some clients to engage in [[sexual tourism]]. |
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Male prostitution in urban centers is also an outlet for economically and socially disadvantaged individuals, including immigrants. In recent years, Western Europe has seen an increase in prostitution by young men from Eastern Europe, North Africa, the Balkans and the Middle East. |
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===Venues=== |
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Clients and male sex workers match up in several ways. Male sex workers are often referred to by different names based on where they find their clients. Men working on the street, in bathhouses, or parks are typically known as "hustlers"; men working in bars are called "bar hustlers" if they are not dancing, or "go-go boys" or "exotic dancers" if they are dancing or stripping at a club. Men advertising for clients in print media or via the Internet are typically known as "escorts," "massage/masseurs," or "rent boys." There are two kinds of escorts: independent and agency-based. The number of street workers (hustlers) has been declining with the advent of Internet-based resources, but the need for quick cash by homeless or poor men guarantees the continued availability of street hustlers. |
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The following categorization of the male prostitute is not exhaustive: |
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====Online==== |
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Professional escorts tend to advertise independently on male escorting websites, or else through an escorting agency. On the former business model, escorts usually pay a monthly fee to list themselves with pictures, text, and contact information on a website listing male escorts. These fees range from around [[United States Dollar|US$]]30 to upwards of US$300 monthly. Clients contact the escorts directly, and the escorts keep all their earnings. On the agency business model, the agency runs a website listing the escorts, clients contact the agency, and then the escort and client meet at a determined time and place. Escorts turn over a percentage (usually 25-33%) of their earnings to the agency, and keep any gratuity for themselves. In most cases an escort agency will examine, interview a potential male escort, offer him photo session and will include the details it receives in the profile of the escort<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.escortpages.net/?p=51|title=Male Escorts: New Fashion?|date=March 2008|publisher=EscortPages Blog|accessdate=2008-03-03|author=Karchevskaya. T.}}</ref>. It is not rare that one and the same male escort works for multiple agencies to secure full time employment and maximum income. |
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Occasional, infrequent, or one-time escorts tend to find clients through "m4m" (male for male) message boards or online chat rooms. Not knowing the market or because of an immediate need for cash, they tend to charge below the market price. They also tend to be less willing to show pictures of themselves online, and tend to be more restrictive in the services offered (many will not kiss, or not engage in anal sex). They will frequently use barely concealed code phrases like "looking for generous" or "$eeks help". |
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====Print advertisements==== |
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Most major U.S. cities have weekly gay-oriented newspapers or magazines. Escorts and male massage therapists who are frequently willing to engage in prostitution, often advertise in the backs of these publications. |
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====Streets, bars, and clubs==== |
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The male hustler may solicit clients on the [[street prostitution|street]] (such as pre-1990s [[Times Square]] in New York, [[Santa Monica Boulevard]] in Los Angeles, "the Wall" in Sydney's Darlinghurst, the [[Porte Dauphine]] in Paris, [[Polk Street|Polk Street Gulch]] in San Francisco, Taksim Square in Istanbul, Lapangan Banteng Square in [[Jakarta]], 488 Eighth Avenue, New York, New York (Video, Video, Video) as known as "The Hoe Stroll" next door to Mc Donalds, or in another public space (like a bus terminal, park or rest stop), in a bar (such as the former gay hustler bars ''Rounds'' in New York or ''Numbers'' in Los Angeles, or go-go bars in [[Prostitution in Thailand|Thailand]] and the [[Prostitution in the Philippines|Philippines]]) or a dance club. |
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Most big cities have an area where hustlers regularly make themselves available to potential clients cruising by in cars. The informal name of such an area varies by the city, but it can be known as "the block" or "the hill." These areas are dangerous for both the client and the hustler, since local residents quickly figure out what is happening and report it to the police. Homophobic gangs can prey on individuals in these areas.{{Fact|date=August 2008}} However, the element of danger may be part of the appeal of a cruisy area. |
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The line between escort services and other services can sometimes be complicated: although the men working at a [[Hostess bar#Host club|Host club]] (initially found in Japan, but expanding worldwide), are paid to offer conversation and companionship to female clients, the encounters may also involve prostitution. |
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====Bathhouses and sex clubs==== |
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Hustlers may attempt to work in [[gay bathhouse]]s or [[sex club]]s, but prostitution is usually prohibited in such places, and known prostitutes are often banned. |
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====Male brothels==== |
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A hustler may also work in a male [[brothel]] or "stable." This is common in South-East Asia ([[Thailand]], [[Manila]]) and may also be found in some larger U.S. cities. The [[pimp]] is relatively rare in male prostitution in the West, where most hustlers generally work independently or, less frequently, through an agency.<ref name="Dynes" /> |
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In November 2005, [[Heidi Fleiss]] announced that she had partnered with brothel owner Joe Richards to turn Richards' existing [[Cherry Patch Ranch]] brothel in [[Crystal, Nevada]] into an establishment that would employ male prostitutes and cater exclusively to female customers, a first in Nevada (see [[Prostitution in Nevada]]).<ref>Jonann Brady, "Are Women Ready for the 'Stud Farm'?", ABC News, Nov. 18, 2005. [http://abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=1324585]. "Fleiss plans makeover for Nevada brothel" Associated Press. Nov. 15, 2005. [http://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2005-11-16-fleiss_x.htm USA Today]</ref> |
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===Price=== |
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Price is determined by many factors including: age, attractiveness, endowment, sexual position, race, personality, skill in bed, length of time spent with the client, ability to maintain an erection, charm, willingness to engage in different fetishes, fame and reputation, and the factors of supply and demand. Further, an escort will sometime charge over or under his perceived market value in order to affect the number of bookings he gets. |
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It should be pointed out that "high end" escorts or prostitutes are not the norm or the bulk of male prostitutes, even in the United States. As pointed out in the Journal of Homosexuality, it is believed that less than five percent of the active male prostitutes in the U.S. would fall into the "escort" category.{{Fact|date=April 2007}} Many more are "rentboys", young men who have varying degrees of financial stability and use prostitution as a method of supplementing their income. In these situations, charging US$100 or more an hour, even charging by the hour, is rare. |
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Full-time or professional escorts tend to charge more than newcomers or people who only occasionally work. This may be because they know better where to advertise and what the market price is.{{Fact|date=February 2007}} |
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As a benchmark, a young, very attractive, full-service professional escort in a major U.S. city typically charges between [[United States Dollar|US$]]200 and US$250 per hour, although the bulk of less high-end escorts in the same cities charge a maximum of US$150 per hour. Similar high-end escorts in major cities in the United Kingdom typically charge between [[Pound Sterling|GB£]]80 and GB£120 per hour. The highest average prices for top-tier escorts are in Manhattan, Los Angeles and London. High-end male escorts typically charge less than high-end female escorts, who can bill over US$2,000 per hour, often with a multi-hour minimum. |
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===Risks=== |
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As in all forms of prostitution, the male prostitute ''and'' his client can face a number of risks and problems: health-related including [[sexually transmitted diseases]], drug-use, physical abuse; legal/criminal including solicitation, drug and age of consent laws; societal/familial social stigma, rejection by family and friends, [[gay-bashing]] (in the case of male-male prostitution), loss of job; and emotional including sense of exploitation or of leading a "double-life" with colin ward, loss of affect, self-destructiveness. Teenagers and runaways engaging in sex work are particularly at risk. For clients, risk may come from being robbed, or, much more rarely, being blackmailed or physically injured.<ref name="Dynes" /> |
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When male prostitutes steal from their male clients or take money without "putting out" sexual services, it is sometimes referred to as "rolling a john". |
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Research suggests that the degree of violence against male prostitutes is somewhat lower than for female sex workers. Men working on the street (hustlers) and younger escorts (especially teens) appear to be at greatest risk of being victimized by clients. Conversely, the risk posed to clients of male sex workers (in terms of being "rolled") seems to be less than many imagine. This is especially true when clients hire male sex workers from an established agency or when they hire men who have been consistently well reviewed by previous clients. |
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===Legal issues=== |
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In a number of countries, such as Australia, brothels (with male or female staff) are legal (except in the states of Western Australia and Tasmania), while street prostitution is most often still illegal. In other countries such as the United States, brothels are still technically illegal (except in Nevada), but many cities do not rigorously enforce the law in this area by policy or unspoken agreement, allowing a large class of working prostitutes to avoid arrest as long as their activities do not involve "street walking". Often in such situations, "escort services" is the euphemism for prostitution, and "escorts" who work with such services insist that the exchange of money is for time and not for sex, and any sexual activities that take place between them and their clients are spontaneous and consensual.{{Fact|date=February 2007}} |
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===Stigma=== |
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The [[Age disparity in sexual relationships|difference in age]], in [[social status]] and in economic status between the hustler and his client is also a major source of social criticism.<ref name="negatives" /> This same social stigma may also be attached to amorous relationships that do not involve prostitution, but which may be seen by society as a form of "quasi" prostitution. The older member of the relationship may be qualified as a "sugar daddy" or "sugar momma"; the young lover may be a "kept boy" or "toy boy".<ref>see Dynes, ''supra'', for a discussion of the fine line between "kept boys" and prostitution.</ref> In the gay community, the members of this kind of couple are sometimes called "dad" and "son" (without implying incest){{Dubious|date=August 2008}}. This social disdain for age/status disparity has been less pronounced in certain cultures at certain historical times (see "Male prostitution in other cultures and periods", above). |
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With regards to the age difference between a hustler and his client, there appears to be a societal [[double standard]] concerning gender: whereas the age difference between a gigolo and a ''female'' client may be a mark of the hustler's sexual prowess, a similar age difference between a young male hustler and an older ''male'' client (frequently denigrated as a "[[Troll (gay)|troll]]" in the gay community) is seen as exploitative.{{Fact|date=February 2007}} ''See also: [[Age disparity in sexual relationships]]''. |
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For more on the topics of age, exploitation, health risks and the legality of prostitution, see the article [[prostitution]]. |
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==Popular culture== |
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{{main|Male prostitution in the arts}} |
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The male prostitute or hustler is a frequent literary and cinematic [[stereotype]] in the West from the 1960s onwards, and especially in movies and books with a [[gay]] perspective, in which he may be a [[stock character]], often portrayed either as a tragic figure (as in the film ''[[Mysterious Skin]]'' in which a male prostitute has a history of molestation) or as an impossible object of love or an idealized rebel. Though less frequent in the cinema and in novels, the male prostitute with an exclusively female clientele (the "gigolo" or "escort") is generally depicted as less tragic than the gay hustler; films such as ''[[American Gigolo]]'' have done much to portray the character as a sophisticated lover and seducer (a portrayal also satirised cinematically in the ''[[Deuce Bigalow]]'' films).{{Fact|date=February 2007}}. Yet the film ''[[My Own Private Idaho]]'', starring [[Keanu Reeves]] and [[River Phoenix]], focuses upon the friendship between two male hustlers. Currently, the male prostitute also appears occasionally in popular music (i.e. the photographic spread for [[The Bravery]], and [[Fall Out Boy]]), and contemporary fashion advertising and visual art. |
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==Academic and feminist studies== |
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The topic of male prostitution has not been overlooked in academic studies by [[feminism|feminist theorists]]. In a study by feminist theorists Justin Gaffney and Kate Beverley, the insights gained from research on male sex workers in central [[London]] allows comparison between the experiences of the 'hidden' population of male prostitutes and the traditionally subordinate position of women in a patriarchal society. Gaffney and Beverley argue that like women, for male sex workers, hegemonic and patriarchal constructs ensure that they also occupy a subordinated position within society.<ref>Justin Gaffney & Kate Beverley, “Contextualizing the Construction and Social Organization of the Commercial Male Sex Industry in London at the Beginning of the Twenty-First Century,” ‘’Feminist Review’’, No. 67, Sex Work Reassessed (Spring, 2001), pp. 133-141.</ref> |
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In contrast, social theorists writing from a [[poststructural]] [[critical theory]] perspective have concluded that unlike women, for male sex workers, hegemonic misogynistic social constructs ensure that they are seen by "johns" as less likely to take on submissive roles. Based on a series of interviews, Douglas Langston finds the attitude of "johns" and underground male sex workers on gender relations 'remarkably misogynistic,' and compares their attitude to that of the fiction and Christian apologetics of [[C.S. Lewis]]. Langston argues that both express a remarkably similar misogyny to the point of male homoerotism, and fetishization of patriarchal domination, especially over subjects seen by other members of society as less likely to take on submissive roles.<ref>Langston, Douglas (2001). ''Conscience and Other Virtues: From Bonaventure to Macintyre'' Penn State Press.</ref> |
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==See also== |
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* [[Age disparity in sexual relationships]] |
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* [[Age of consent]] |
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* [[Female sex tourism]] |
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* [[John (prostitution)]] |
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* [[Prostitution]] |
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* [[Sexual tourism]] |
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==Bibliography== |
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:''For novels about male prostitution, see [[Male prostitution in the arts]].'' |
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* ''Understanding the Male Hustler'' (Phil Andros, 1991) |
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* ''Hustling: A Gentleman's Guide to the Fine Art of Homosexual Prostitution'' ([[John Preston]], 1994) ISBN 1-56333-517-4 |
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* ''Caribbean Pleasure Industry: Tourism, Sexuality, and AIDS in the Dominican Republic'' (Worlds of Desire: The Chicago Series on Sexuality, Gender, and Culture) (Mark Padilla, 2007) ISBN 978-0226644363 |
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* ''A Consumer's Guide to Male Hustlers'' (Joseph Itiel, 1998) |
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* ''Prostitution: On Whores, Hustlers, and Johns'' (James Elias, Vern L. Bullough, Veronica Elias and Gwen Brewer, eds.; introduction by Joycelyn Elders; 1998) |
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* ''Sex for Sale: Prostitution, Pornography, and the Sex Industry'' (Ronald Weitzer, 1999) |
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* ''Tricks and Treats: Sex Workers Write About Their Clients'' (Matt Bernstein Sycamore, ed., 1999) |
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* ''The Male Escort's Handbook: Your Guide to Getting Rich the Hard Way'' ([[Aaron Lawrence]], 2000) |
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* ''Sex Workers As Virtual Boyfriends'' (Joseph Itiel, 2002) |
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* ''Strapped for Cash : A History of American Hustler Culture'' (Mack Friedman, 2003) |
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*{{cite book | author=Aggleton, Peter | title=Men Who Sell Sex: International Perspectives on Male Prostitution and AIDS | url=http://www.temple.edu/tempress/titles/aggle_reg_print.html | location=Philadelphia | publisher=Temple University Press | isbn=1-56639-669-7}} |
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*''Nice Work If You Can Get It'' (Dean Saunders, 2008) |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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* [http://soc.hfac.uh.edu/artman/publish/article_311.shtml A Day in the Life of a Male Street Prostitute] |
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* [http://www.fsw.ucalgary.ca/ramsay/gay-lesbian-bisexual/5k-male-prostitution.htm Male Youth Prostitution: Internet Resources] |
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* [http://www.streets.org/ Reaching Out to Men Involved in Prostitution] |
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* [http://www.marymagproject.org Mary Magdalene Project] |
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* [http://www.15MinutesMore.com 15mm: Pop-Culture and the Male Escort.] |
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* [http://www.thestranger.com/seattle/Content?oid=21936 Marching Orders for Sex Workers.] |
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* [http://letlifein.com/letlife/MemberInteraction/ArticleDetails/tabid/147/ItemID/315/Default.aspx?tid=153 Sexual Secrets of a Gigolo] |
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* "[http://www.keepmedia.com/pubs/EncyclopediaOfLGBTHistory/2005/10/25/1129805 Prostitution, Hustling, and Sex Work]" by Heather Lee Miller on 25-Oct-2005 |
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[[Category:Massage]] |
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[[Category:Men]] |
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[[Category:Pederasty]] |
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[[Category:Prostitution]] |
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[[Category:Sex stubs]] |
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[[Category:Race]] |
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[[cs:Gigolo]] |
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[[da:Mandlig prostitution]] |
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[[de:Männliche Prostitution]] |
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[[eo:Ĝigolo]] |
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[[it:Prostituzione omosessuale maschile]] |
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[[he:זנות גברית]] |
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[[nl:Gigolo]] |
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[[ja:男娼]] |
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[[ru:Жиголо]] |
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[[sv:Gigolo]] |
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[[zh:男妓]] |
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Revision as of 13:08, 13 October 2008
October 13
This is a list of redirects that have been proposed for deletion or other action on October 13, 2008
Casino Royale (1954)/ → Casino Royale (Climax!)
Completely improbable redirect. I would speedy it as an obvious typo but it's been in place for nine months. Otto4711 (talk) 04:01, 13 October 2008 (UTC)
René Portacarrero → René Portocarrero
Caused by an uncommon misspelling of the artist's surname. Wavehunter (talk) 04:03, 13 October 2008 (UTC)
- Weak keep - for those unfamiliar with the spelling it's a plausible error. Some apparently reliable sources make the error, as does Christies. Otto4711 (talk) 04:20, 13 October 2008 (UTC)
Forked River Borough, New Jersey → Forked River, New Jersey
non-existent entity, improbable redirect. Minor nuisance for searching, as the redirect comes up before the actual entry, minor, non-zero potential for causing confusion Jd2718 (talk) 07:04, 13 October 2008 (UTC)
- Keep. As a former proposal, this is a plausible search term. See User talk:NE2#Forked River Borough, New Jersey. --NE2 07:18, 13 October 2008 (UTC)
- Delete. Based upon the discussion that NE2 (the redirect's creator) cited above, the redirect's usefulness depends on the following:
1. Someone must be unfamiliar with Forked River, New Jersey.
2. He/she must nonetheless encounter the text of or a reference to an 85-year-old failed proposal to incorporate Forked River as a borough (something so obscure that it has zero Google web hits and that I was entirely unfamiliar with despite residing in Forked River for 23 years).
3. He/she must somehow do so without realizing that said proposal pertained to an existent (both then and now) unincorporated area called "Forked River, New Jersey" (which he/she otherwise would type instead).
4. He/she must decide to type "Forked River Borough, New Jersey", despite the fact that Wikipedia never uses this format for the title of an article about a New Jersey borough unless there is a separate incorporated New Jersey municipality with the same name. (This applies to six of our 294 articles about past and present New Jersey boroughs.)
5. He/she must have JavaScript disabled. (Otherwise, the article's actual title would appear before he/she could type more than "Forked Ri".)
It seems substantially less plausible for all of the above to occur than it is for someone to be confused by the incorrect reference to Forked River as a "borough" that appears before the article's actual title for most users performing a search. —David Levy 07:30, 13 October 2008 (UTC)
- Redirects have always been very "cheap" and only deleted when there is a good reason to do so. The only possible such reason you give would be appearing first in the search, but a recent change should not affect long-standing practice. (Would you have BNSF Railroad deleted for the same reason?) --NE2 08:22, 13 October 2008 (UTC)
- 1. You've continually implied that the software change's relative recentness renders such a concern invalid or weak. Why is this? To our readers, what is the timeline's relevance? Are we trying to make the encyclopedia user-friendly, or are we staking claims based on chronology?
- 2. BNSF Railroad is a highly plausible search/link term (and one that doesn't mislead anyone regarding the subject's basic nature). For the reasons noted above, this is not true of Forked River Borough, New Jersey. Redirects are cheap, but they aren't free. —David Levy 08:36, 13 October 2008 (UTC)
- The article makes it clear: "Forked River (pronounced fork'id river) is a census-designated place and unincorporated area". --NE2 08:38, 13 October 2008 (UTC)
- 1. That text makes it clear to people who are familiar with New Jersey's governmental structure (and therefore realize that the above cannot apply to a New Jersey borough). That describes you and me, but not most readers.
- 2. As explained above, Forked River Borough, New Jersey is an extremely unlikely target. The redirect's potential harm might be minimal, but its potential usefulness is negligible.
- 3. You didn't answer my question about your repeated references to the software change's recentness (which you also ignored when I posted it on your talk page). —David Levy 08:58, 13 October 2008 (UTC)
- I point out that it's a recent change because we shouldn't go changing current practice without discussing it somewhere like Wikipedia talk:Redirect. --NE2 10:01, 13 October 2008 (UTC)
- Deleting redirects is also cheap. A user wanting the borough (extremely unlikely) will find Forked River, New Jersey, with a zero chance of confusion. And I presume you will add information about the non-existent borough to the article about the existing town? However, a user wanting the town and not knowing about the borough (far more common, right?) has a real chance of being confused. I understand that you are working towards consistency, but when consistency interferes with the encyclopedia, you need to consider what the goal here is. Jd2718 (talk) 13:08, 13 October 2008 (UTC)
- Keep I don't see why this redirect must be deleted. Someone could conceivably encounter the reference to Forked River as a borough when doing research on New Jersey municipal history. This naming convention is what is used by the U.S. Census Bureau, for example. This name also makes it easy for automated tools to create links because of its standard format. There should be some mention of the borough proposal in the township article though. --Polaron | Talk 12:20, 13 October 2008 (UTC)