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{{Infobox Book | <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Novels or Wikipedia:WikiProject_Books -->
{{sprotect|small=yes}}
| name = [[Demian: The Story of Emil Sinclair's Youth]]
:''"Leafs" and "Maple Leafs" redirect here. For the former [[American Hockey League]] team, see [[St. John's Maple Leafs]].''
| title_orig = Die Geschichte von Emil Sinclairs Jugend
:''For other uses, see [[Toronto Maple Leafs (disambiguation)]].''
| translator = Hilda Rosner
{{current sport-related|image=Hockey current event.png|mini=1|2008–09 Toronto Maple Leafs season}}
| image = [[Image:Demiancover.jpg]]
{{NHL Team | CAN_eng=1
| image_caption = The cover of ''Demian'' by [[Hermann Hesse]].
|team_name = Toronto Maple Leafs
| author = [[Hermann Hesse]]
|bg_color = #003876
| illustrator =
|text_color = white
| cover_artist =
|logo_image = Toronto Maple Leafs logo.svg
| country = [[Germany]]
|conference = [[Eastern Conference (NHL)|Eastern]]
| language = [[German language|German]]
|division = [[Northeast Division (NHL)|Northeast]]
| series =
|founded = [[1917-18 NHL season|1917]]
| genre = [[Novel]]
|history = '''Toronto''' [[1917-18 NHL season|1917–18]]<br />
| publisher = [[HarperPerennial|HarperClassics]] (Eng. trans)
'''Toronto Arenas''' [[1918-19 NHL season|1918–19]]<br />
| release_date = 1919
'''Toronto St. Patricks'''<br />[[1919-20 NHL season|1919]] – [[1926-27 NHL season|February 14, 1927]]<br />
| english_release_date = 1962
'''Toronto Maple Leafs'''<br />[[1926-27 NHL season|February 14, 1927]] – present
| media_type = Print ([[Hardcover|Hardback]] & [[Paperback]])
|arena = [[Air Canada Centre]]
| pages = 176 pp (first English edition, paperback)
|city = [[Toronto, Ontario]]
| isbn = ISBN 0060931914 (first English edition, paperback)
|media_affiliates = [[Leafs TV]]<br />[[Rogers Sportsnet|Rogers Sportsnet Ontario]]<br />[[The Sports Network|TSN]]<br />[[CFMJ|CFMJ (640 AM)]]
| preceded_by =
|team_colors = Royal Blue, White
| followed_by =
{{color box|#003876}} {{color box|white}}
|owner = [[Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment Ltd.]]
|general_manager = {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Cliff Fletcher]] <small></small>
|head_coach = {{flagicon|USA}} [[Ron Wilson (ice hockey b. 1955)|Ron Wilson]]<!-- Please use only the American flag, since he played for the US national ice hockey team, though he was born and raised in Canada -->
|captain = ''Vacant''
|alternate captains = [[Tomas Kaberle]]
|minor_league_affiliates = [[Toronto Marlies]] ([[American Hockey League|AHL]])<br />[[Reading Royals]] ([[ECHL]])
|stanley_cups = [[1917-18 NHL season|1917–18]], [[1921-22 NHL season|1921–22]], [[1931-32 NHL season|1931–32]], [[1941-42 NHL season|1941–42]], [[1944-45 NHL season|1944–45]], [[1946-47 NHL season|1946–47]], [[1947-48 NHL season|1947–48]], [[1948-49 NHL season|1948–49]], [[1950-51 NHL season|1950–51]], [[1961-62 NHL season|1961–62]], [[1962-63 NHL season|1962–63]], [[1963-64 NHL season|1963–64]], [[1966-67 NHL season|1966–67]]
|conf_titles = none
|division_titles =[[1932-33 NHL season|1932–33]], [[1933-34 NHL season|1933–34]], [[1934-35 NHL season|1934–35]], [[1937-38 NHL season|1937–38]], [[1999-00 NHL season|1999–00]]
}}
}}
The '''Toronto Maple Leafs''' are a professional [[ice hockey]] team based in [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]]. They are members of the [[Northeast Division (NHL)|Northeast Division]] of the [[Eastern Conference (NHL)|Eastern Conference]] of the [[National Hockey League]] (NHL). The organization, one of the "[[Original Six]]" members of the NHL, is officially known as the '''Toronto Maple Leaf Hockey Club''' and is the leading subsidiary of [[Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment Ltd.]] (MLSE). They have played at at the [[Air Canada Centre]] (ACC) since 1999, after 68 years at [[Maple Leaf Gardens]].


'''''Demian: The Story of Emil Sinclair's Youth''''' is a [[Bildungsroman]] by [[Hermann Hesse]], first published in 1919, but a prologue was added in 1960. Demian was first published under the pseudonym "Emil Sinclair", the name of the narrator of the story, but Hesse was later revealed to be the author. The name "Emil Sinclair" was chosen because he was a friend of the poet [[Novalis]], whom Hesse adored. The novel was written in just three weeks.{{Fact|date=October 2008}}
The Leafs are well known for their long and bitter rivalry with the [[Montreal Canadiens]], and more recent rivalry with the [[Ottawa Senators]]. The franchise has won thirteen [[Stanley Cup]]s, eleven as the Leafs, one as the [[History of the Toronto Maple Leafs|Toronto St. Patricks]], and one as the [[Toronto Arenas]].


==Plot summary ==
At $413 million (2007), the Leafs are the most valuable team in the NHL, followed by the [[New York Rangers]] and the [[Detroit Red Wings]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/31/biz_07nhl_NHL-Team-Valuations_Rank.html | title = NHL Team Valuations | publisher = Forbes | date = 2007-11-08 | accessdate = 2007-11-08}}</ref>
Emil Sinclair is a young boy who was raised in a bourgeois home described as a Scheinwelt. "Scheinwelt" is a play on words and means world of light as well as world of illusion. Through the novel, accompanied and prompted by his mysterious classmate Max Demian, he descends from and revolts against the superficial ideals of this world, eventually awakening into a realization of self.


==Team history==
== Characters ==
* Emil Sinclair - the main protagonist of the novel. Sinclair is confused as to what his life is, and is going to be, and constantly seeks mentorship throughout the novel.
{{main|History of the Toronto Maple Leafs}}
*Sinclair's mother and father - symbols of safety toward which Sinclair first finds refuge, but eventually rebels against.
===Early years===
* Franz Kromer - A bully whose psychological torture leads Sinclair to meet Max Demian.
The National Hockey League was formed in 1917 in [[Montreal]] by teams formerly belonging to the [[National Hockey Association]] (NHA) that had a dispute with [[Eddie Livingstone]], owner of the [[Toronto Blueshirts]]. The owners of the other four clubs &ndash; the [[Montreal Canadiens]], [[Montreal Wanderers]], [[Quebec Bulldogs]], and [[Ottawa Senators (original)|Ottawa Senators]] &ndash; had enough votes between them to expel Livingstone from the NHA. Instead, they opted to create a new league, the NHL, and effectively left Livingstone's squad in the NHA by itself.
* Max Demian - Childhood friend and mentor of Sinclair. Demian leads Sinclair to his eventual Self Realization.
* Alfons Beck - the "sarcastic and avuncular" oldest boy in the boardinghouse into which Sinclair enrolls after his confirmation. Beck serves as a minor mentor to Sinclair, and introduces Sinclair to the joys and pitfalls of alcohol.
*Pistorius - a rector, organ donor at a local church, and temporary mentor for Sinclair. Pistorius teaches Sinclair how to look inside himself for spiritual guidance.
*Frau Eva - Max Demian's mother. She becomes Emil Sinclair's ideal, first in visions, then in person.


== Themes, motifs, and symbols ==
However, the other clubs felt it would be unthinkable not to have a team from Toronto (Canada's second largest city at the time) in the new league. They also needed another team to balance the schedule after the Bulldogs suspended operations (and as it turned out, would not ice a team until [[1920-21 NHL season|1920]]). Accordingly, the NHL granted a "temporary" Toronto franchise to the Arena Company, owners of the [[Mutual Street Arena|Arena Gardens]]. The Arena Company agreed to lease the Blueshirts' players for the season until the dispute was resolved. This temporary franchise did not have an official name, but was informally called "the Blueshirts" by area writers and sometimes called "the Torontos" by fans. Under manager Charlie Querrie and coach Dick Carroll, the Toronto team won the [[Stanley Cup]] in the NHL's inaugural season.
=== Themes ===
==== Embrace of duality ====
A major underlying theme of this novel is opposing forces and the idea that both are necessary.


==== Spiritual enlightenment ====
For the [[1918-19 NHL season|next season]], rather than return the Blueshirts' players to Livingstone as originally promised, the Arena Company formed its own team, the Toronto Arena Hockey Club, which was readily granted full-fledged membership in the NHL. Also that year, it was decided that only NHL teams would be allowed to play at the Arena Gardens.<ref name="Champions">{{cite book |title=Champions: The Illustrated History of Hockey's Greatest Dynasties |last=Hunter |first=Douglas |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1997 |publisher=Triumph Books |location=[[Chicago]] |isbn=1572432166}}</ref> Livingstone sued to get his players back. Mounting legal bills from the dispute forced the Arenas to sell most of their stars, resulting in a horrendous five-win season in 1918-19. When it was obvious that the Arenas would not be able to finish out the season, the NHL agreed to let the Arenas halt operations in February 1919 and proceed directly to the playoffs. The Arenas' .278 winning percentage that season is still the worst in franchise history.
The novel references concepts of [[Gnosticism]], particularly the god [[Abraxas]], and shows the influence of [[Carl Jung]]'s psychology. Hesse said the novel was a story of Jungian individuation, the process of opening up to one's unconscious.


==== Woman as an ideal form ====
The legal dispute nearly ruined the Arena Company, and it was forced to put the Arenas up for sale. Querrie put together a group that mainly consisted of the people who had run the senior amateur St. Patricks team in the Ontario Hockey Association. The new owners renamed the team the Toronto St. Patricks (or St. Pats for short) and would operate it until 1927. This period saw the team's jersey colours change from blue to green, as well as a second Stanley Cup championship in [[1921-22 NHL season|1922]].
Throughout the stages of Emil Sinclair's life, he refers to various females as an ideal archetype. As a young boy, he contrasted his sisters, who fit naturally into the "world of light," with the family's maid, who seemed to live a double life. During his school days, he glimpsed a beautiful woman and revered her as an ideal (named for Dante's Beatrice) that he used to pull himself out of a moral and spiritual decay. Finally, as a young man, he meets Frau Eva, who he sees as the culmination of everything he has been striving toward. All of these women are portrayed more as symbols than fully developed characters, and they are used to shape the protagonist's views of an ideal.


=== Symbols ===
During this time, the St. Patricks also allowed other teams to play in the Arena Gardens whenever their home rinks didn't have proper ice in the warmer months. At the time, the Arena was the only facility east of [[Manitoba]] with artificial ice.<ref name="Champions"/>
==== The God Abraxas ====
{{Evolution of the Toronto Maple Leafs}}
The [[Gnosticism|Gnostic]] deity [[Abraxas]] is used as a symbol throughout the text, idealizing the harmonious union of all that is good and all that is evil in the world. Demian argues that the Catholic God is an insufficient god; it rules over all that is wholesome, but there is another half of the world. The symbol of Abraxas appears in the novel as a bird breaking free of an egg or a globe.


===Conn Smythe era===
==== The Sparrow Hawk ====
Symbolizes Abraxas.
Querrie lost a lawsuit to Livingstone and decided to put the St. Pats up for sale. He gave serious consideration to a $200,000 bid from a [[Philadelphia]] group. However, Toronto Varsity Graduates coach [[Conn Smythe]] put together an ownership group of his own and made a $160,000 offer for the franchise. With the support of St. Pats shareholder [[J. P. Bickell]], Smythe persuaded Querrie to reject the Philadelphia bid, arguing that civic pride was more important than money.


== Style ==
After taking control on [[Valentine's Day]] 1927, Smythe immediately renamed the team the '''Maple Leafs.''' (The [[Toronto Maple Leafs (minor league baseball)|Toronto Maple Leafs baseball team]] had won the [[International League]] championship a few months earlier and had been using that name for 30 years.) The Maple Leafs say that the name was chosen in honour of the Maple Leaf Regiment from [[World War I]]. Another story says that Smythe named the team after a team he'd once scouted, called the East Toronto Maple Leafs, while Smythe's grandson states Conn named the team after the Maple Leaf insignia he had worn during the first World War.<ref>Thomas Stafford Smythe and Kevin Shea, ''Centre Ice: The Smythe Family, the Gardens and the Toronto Maple Leafs Hockey Club'', Fenn Publishing, 2000, p. 36.</ref> Initial reports were that the team's colours would be changed to red and white,<ref>"Good-bye St. Pats, howdy Maple Leafs," ''The Globe'', February 15, 1927, p. 6.</ref> but the Leafs were wearing white sweaters with a green maple leaf for their first game on February 17, 1927.<ref>"Toronto crumbles New York chances," ''The Globe'', February 18, 1927, p. 8.</ref> The next season, the Leafs appeared for the first time in the blue and white sweaters they have worn ever since. The Maple Leafs say that blue represents the Canadian skies and white represents snow, but in truth blue has been Toronto's principal sporting colour since the [[Toronto Argonauts]] adopted blue as their primary colour in 1873.
Though this is an earlier work, the style of Demian is pure Hermann Hesse. Hesse
quickly dramatizes moral and theological points, directly through the
thoughts of the main character and his intense interaction with life teachers.
Hesse's legacy is to economize by forming a drama which focuses entirely on
direct, chthonic discovery that could be shocking to early 20th century readers.


== Notable passages ==
====1930s: Opening of Maple Leaf Gardens and first Maple Leaf dynasty====
These passages are segments of the novel that best demonstrate themes and lessons to be learned when reading Demian. They are the central ideas and morals of the book.
[[Image:MLG 1931w.jpg|thumb|Toronto Maple Leafs opening night program at MLG, November 12, 1931]]
:''"Der Vogel kämpft sich aus dem Ei. Das Ei ist die Welt. Wer geboren werden will, muss eine Welt zerstören. Der Vogel fliegt zu Gott. Der Gott heisst Abraxas."''
After four more lacklustre seasons (including three with Smythe as coach), Smythe and the Leafs debuted at their new arena, [[Maple Leaf Gardens]], with a 2-1 loss to the [[Chicago Blackhawks]] on November 12, 1931.


:(The bird struggles out of the egg. The egg is the world. Whoever wants to be born, must first destroy a world. The bird flies to God. That God's name is Abraxas.)
Led by the "Kid Line" ([[Busher Jackson]], [[Joe Primeau]] and [[Charlie Conacher]]) and coach [[Dick Irvin]], the Leafs would capture their third Stanley Cup during the first season in their stadium, vanquishing the [[Montreal Maroons]] in the first round, the [[Boston Bruins]] in the semis and, in the Stanley Cup Finals the [[New York Rangers]]. Smythe took particular pleasure in defeating the Rangers that year; he had been tapped as the Rangers' first general manager and coach in the Rangers' inaugural season ([[1926-27 NHL season|1926-27]]), but had been fired in a dispute with [[Madison Square Garden]] management before the season.


:"Fate and temperament are two words for one and the same concept." That was clear to me now.
The Leafs' star forward, [[Ace Bailey]], was nearly killed in [[1933-34 NHL season|1933]] when [[Boston Bruins]] defenseman [[Eddie Shore]] checked him from behind into the boards at full speed. Maple Leafs defenseman [[Red Horner]] was able to knock Shore out with a punch, but it was too late for Bailey, who was by now writhing on the ice, had his career ended. The Leafs would hold the NHL's first All-Star game to benefit Bailey.


:I have no objection to worshiping this God Jehovah, far from it. But I mean we ought to consider everything sacred, the entire world, not merely the artificially separated half! Thus alongside the divine service we should also have a service for the devil.
The Leafs would reach the finals five more times in the next seven years, but would not win, bowing out to the now-defunct Maroons, the [[Detroit Red Wings]] in 1936, the [[Chicago Blackhawks|Chicago Black Hawks]] in 1938, Boston in 1939, and the hated Rangers in 1940. At this time, Smythe allowed Irvin to go to Montreal to help revive the then-moribund Canadiens, replacing him as coach with former Leafs captain [[Hap Day]].

====1940s: A second decade of success====
In the [[1941-42 NHL season|1942 season]], the Maple Leafs were down three games to none in a best-of-seven final in the playoffs against Detroit. However, fourth-line forward [[Don Metz (hockey)|Don Metz]] would galvanize the team, coming from nowhere to score a [[hat trick]] in game four and the game-winning goal in game five, with the Leafs winning both times. [[Captain (hockey)|Captain]] [[Syl Apps]] had won the [[Lady Byng Memorial Trophy]] that season, not taking one penalty and finishing his ten-season career with an average of 5 minutes, 36 seconds in penalties a season. Goalie [[Turk Broda]] would shut out the Wings in game six, and [[Sweeney Schriner]] would score two goals in the third period to win the seventh game 3-1.

Apps told writer Trent Frayne in 1949, "If you want me to be pinned down to my [biggest night in hockey but also my] biggest second, I'd say it was the last tick of the clock that sounded the final bell. It's something I shall never forget at all." It was the first time a major pro sports team came back from behind 3-0 to win a best-of-seven championship series.

Three years later, with their heroes from 1942 dwindling (due to either age, health, or the war), the Leafs turned to lesser-known players like [[rookie]] goalie [[Frank McCool]] and [[Defenceman (ice hockey)|defenseman]] [[Babe Pratt]]. They would upset the Red Wings in the [[1944-45 NHL season|1945]] finals.

The powerful defending champion [[Montreal Canadiens]] and their "Punch Line" ([[Maurice Richard|Maurice "Rocket" Richard]], [[Toe Blake]] and [[Elmer Lach]]), would be the Leafs' nemesis two years later when the two teams clashed in the [[1946-47 NHL season|1947]] finals. [[Ted Kennedy (ice hockey)|Ted "Teeder" Kennedy]] would score the game-winning goal late in game six to win the Leafs their first of three straight Cups &mdash; the first time any NHL team had accomplished that feat. With their Cup victory in 1948, the Leafs moved ahead of Montreal for the most Stanley Cups in league history. It would take the Canadiens 10 years to reclaim the record.

====1950s: The Barilko Curse====
[[Image:EIIR-Kennedy.jpg|thumb|right|[[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh]], is greeted by [[Ted Kennedy (ice hockey)|Ted Kennedy]] at [[Maple Leaf Gardens]], with [[Conn Smythe]] behind, 1951.]]
[[Image:Mahovolich4Kelly8.jpg|thumb|right|1967: [[Frank Mahovlich]] and [[Red Kelly]] celebrate the Leafs' most recent [[Stanley Cup]].]]
The Maple Leafs and Montreal Canadiens would meet once again in the finals in [[1950-51 NHL season|1951]], with all five games going to overtime. [[Tod Sloan (ice hockey)|Tod Sloan]] scored with 42 seconds left in the third period of game five to send it to an extra period, and defenceman [[Bill Barilko]], who had scored only six goals in the regular season, scored the game-winner to win Toronto their fourth Cup in five years. Barilko's glory, however, was short-lived: he disappeared in a plane crash near [[Timmins, Ontario]], barely four months after that moment. The Leafs would not win the Cup again that decade.

===1960s: New owners and a new dynasty===
Before the [[1961-62 NHL season|1961-62]] season, Smythe sold nearly all of his shares in [[Maple Leaf Gardens]] to a partnership of his son [[Stafford Smythe]], newspaper baron [[John Bassett]], and [[Toronto Marlboros]] president [[Harold Ballard]]. The sale price was $2.3 million, a handsome return on Smythe's original investment 34 years earlier. Conn Smythe later claimed that he knew nothing about his son's partners, but it is very unlikely that he could have believed Stafford could have raised the money on his own.

Under the new ownership trio, Toronto won another three straight [[Stanley Cup]]s from [[1961-62 NHL season|1962]] to [[1963-64 NHL season|1964]]. The team featured Hall of Famers [[Frank Mahovlich]], [[Red Kelly]], [[Johnny Bower]], [[Dave Keon]], [[Andy Bathgate]] and [[Tim Horton]], and was helmed by coach and general manager [[Punch Imlach]].

In [[1966-67 NHL season|1967]], the Leafs and Canadiens met in the Cup finals for the last time to date, where Montreal was considered to be a heavy favourite. But [[Bob Pulford]] scored the double-overtime winner in Game 3, [[Jim Pappin]] got the series winner in Game 6, and Keon won the [[Conn Smythe Trophy]] as [[most valuable player]] of the playoffs as the Maple Leafs won the Stanley Cup in six games. The Leafs have not won the Stanley Cup since.

In [[1967-68 NHL season|1968]], Mahovlich was traded to Detroit in a blockbuster deal, and in [[1968-69 NHL season|1969]], following a first-round playoff loss to the [[Boston Bruins]], Smythe fired Imlach. Horton declared, "If this team doesn't want Imlach, I guess it doesn't want me."{{Fact|date=October 2008}} He was traded to the [[New York Rangers]] [[1969-70 NHL season|the next year]].

===1970s and 1980s: The Ballard years===
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:LeafCaptainSittler.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Darryl Sittler]], captain of the Leafs in the late 1970s and former all-time leading scorer in franchise history.]] -->
Following Stafford Smythe's death, Harold Ballard bought his shares to take majority control of the team.
Ballard's term as the Leafs' owner was marked by several disputes with prominent players, including Keon, [[Lanny McDonald]], and [[Darryl Sittler]], poor win/loss records, and not a single Stanley Cup championship.

During the 1970s, with the overall talent level in the league diluted by the addition of 12 new franchises and the birth of the rival [[World Hockey Association]] (WHA), the Leafs were able to ice competitive teams for several seasons. But despite the presence of stars such as Sittler, McDonald, [[Tiger Williams|Dave "Tiger" Williams]], [[Ian Turnbull (ice hockey)|Ian Turnbull]], and [[Börje Salming|Borje Salming]], they only once made it past the second round of the playoffs, besting the [[New York Islanders]] (a soon-to-be dynasty) in the [[1977-78 NHL season|1978]] quarter-finals only to be swept by arch-rival Montreal in the semi-finals. One of the few highlights from this era occurred on February 7, 1976, when Sittler scored six goals and four assists against the [[Boston Bruins|Bruins]] to establish a NHL single-game points record that still stands more than 30 years later.

The serious decline started in July 1979, when Ballard brought back Imlach, a long-time friend, as general manager. Imlach traded McDonald to undermine his friend Sittler's influence on the team.<ref name=mcdonald>"Lanny McDonald trade has Sittler in tears," Jim Kernaghan, ''[[Toronto Star]]'', December 29, 1979, p. 1.</ref> Sittler himself was gone two years later, when the Leafs traded him to the [[Philadelphia Flyers]]. He was the franchise's all-time leading scorer until [[Mats Sundin]] passed Sittler's total in 2007.

The McDonald trade sent the Leafs into a downward spiral. They finished five games under .500 and only made the playoffs due to the presence of the [[Quebec Nordiques]], a refugee from the WHA, in the [[Adams Division]].{{Fact|date=October 2008}} For the next 12 years, the Leafs (who had shifted to the [[Norris Division]] for the [[1981-82 NHL season|1981-82 season]]) were barely competitive, not posting another winning record until [[1992-93 NHL season|1992-93]]. They missed the playoffs six times and only finished above fourth in their division once (in [[1989-90 NHL season|1990]], the only season where they even posted a .500 record). They made it beyond the first round of the playoffs twice (in [[1985-86 NHL season|1986]] and [[1986-87 NHL season|1987]], advancing to the division finals). The low point came in [[1984-85 NHL season|1984-85]], when they finished 32 games under .500, the second-worst record in franchise history (their .300 winning percentage was only 22 percentage points higher than the 1918-19 Arenas).

The Leafs' poor records during the 1980s, however, did result in several high draft picks. [[Wendel Clark]], the first overall pick in the 1985 draft, was the lone success from the entry drafts of this period and went on to captain the team.

===Early 1990s: Resurgence===
Ballard died in 1990, and a year later his long-time friend, supermarket tycoon [[Steve Stavro]], bought a majority stake in the Leafs from his estate. Unlike Ballard, Stavro hated the limelight and rarely interfered in the Leafs' hockey operations.{{Fact|date=October 2008}} His first act was to lure [[Calgary Flames]] GM [[Cliff Fletcher]], who had crafted the Flames' [[1988-89 NHL season|1989]] Stanley Cup championship team, to Toronto after the [[1991-92 NHL season|1991-92 season]].

Fletcher immediately set about building a club that would be competitive once again, making a series of trades and free agent acquisitions which turned the Leafs from an also-ran to a contender almost overnight, starting in [[1992-93 NHL season|1992-93]]. Outstanding play from forwards [[Doug Gilmour]] (an acquaintance of Fletcher's from Calgary) and [[Dave Andreychuk]] (acquired from the [[Buffalo Sabres]] in exchange for [[Grant Fuhr]]), as well as stellar goaltending from minor league call-up [[Félix Potvin|Felix Potvin]], led the team to a then-franchise-record 99 points, third place in the [[Norris Division]], and the eighth-best overall record in the league. Toronto dispatched the [[Detroit Red Wings]] in seven games in the first round, then defeated the [[St. Louis Blues (hockey)|St. Louis Blues]] in another seven games in the Division Finals.

Hoping to meet long-time rival Montreal (who was playing in the [[Eastern Conference (NHL)|Wales Conference]] Finals against the [[New York Islanders]]) in the Cup Finals, the Leafs faced the [[Los Angeles Kings]], led by [[Wayne Gretzky]], in the Campbell Conference Finals. The Leafs led the series 3-2, but dropped Game 6 in [[The Forum (Inglewood, California)|Los Angeles]]. The game was not without controversy, as Gretzky clipped Gilmour in the face with his stick, but referee [[Kerry Fraser]] did not call a penalty and Gretzky scored the winning goal moments later.<ref>{{cite web |last=Zeisberger|first=Mike|publisher=SLAM! Sports|url=http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Columnists/Zeisberger/2007/04/07/3944053-sun.html|title="Better than a Game 7: Hockey icons' true colours show through|date=[[2007-04-07]]|accessdate=2008-06-28}}</ref> Gretzky's [[hat trick]] in Game 7 finished the Leafs' run, and it was the Kings that moved on to the Cup Finals against the Canadiens.

The Leafs had another strong season in [[1993-94 NHL season|1993-94]], finishing with 98 points, good enough for fifth overall in the league &ndash; their highest finish in 16 years. However, despite finishing one point above Calgary, Toronto was seeded third in the [[Western Conference (NHL)|Western Conference]] (formerly the [[Campbell Conference]]) by virtue of the Flames' [[Pacific Division (NHL)|Pacific Division]] title. The Leafs eliminated the division rival [[Chicago Blackhawks]] in six games and the surprising [[San Jose Sharks]] in seven before falling to the [[Vancouver Canucks]] in five games in the Western Conference Finals. [[1994 NHL Entry Draft|At that year's draft]], the Leafs would package Clark in a trade with the [[Quebec Nordiques]] that netted them current captain [[Mats Sundin]].

===A new home and a new millennium===
In 1996, Stavro took on [[Larry Tanenbaum]], the co-founder of Toronto's new [[National Basketball Association]] (NBA) team, the [[Toronto Raptors]], as a partner. Maple Leaf Gardens Ltd. was accordingly renamed [[Maple Leaf Sports and Entertainment]] (MLSE), and it remains the parent company of the Leafs, the Raptors, and [[Toronto FC]] of [[Major League Soccer]] (MLS), to the present day.

After two years out of the playoffs in the late 1990s, the Leafs acquired goaltender [[Curtis Joseph]] as a free agent from the [[Edmonton Oilers]] and signed [[Pat Quinn]], who had been fired by Vancouver in [[1996-97 NHL season|1997]], to serve as head coach. This resulted in the Leafs making another charge during the [[1998-99 NHL season|1999 playoffs]] after moving from [[Maple Leaf Gardens]] to the new [[Air Canada Centre]], shared with the new Toronto Raptors. The team eliminated the [[Philadelphia Flyers]] and [[Pittsburgh Penguins]] in the first two rounds of the playoffs, but lost in five games to the [[Buffalo Sabres]] in the Eastern Conference Finals.

Toronto reached the second round of the playoffs in both [[1999-2000 NHL season|2000]] and [[2000-01 NHL season|2001]], only to lose both times to the [[New Jersey Devils]], who made the Stanley Cup Finals both seasons and won in 2000. The 2000 season was particularly notable because it marked the Leafs' first division title in 37 years, as well as the franchise's first-ever 100-point season. The season ended on a particular low, however, with the Leafs being held to just 6 shots in game six of the second round against the Devils.

In [[2001-02 NHL season|2002]], the Leafs dispatched the Islanders and their [[Ontario]] rivals, the [[Ottawa Senators]], in the first two rounds, only to lose to the Cinderella-story [[Carolina Hurricanes]] in the Conference Finals. The 2002 season was particularly impressive in that the Leafs had many of their better players sidelined by injuries, but managed to make it to the conference finals due to the efforts of lesser-known players who were led mainly by [[Gary Roberts (ice hockey)|Gary Roberts]] and [[Alyn McCauley]].

Joseph left to go to the defending champion Red Wings in the 2002 off-season; the team found a replacement in veteran [[Ed Belfour]], who came over from the [[Dallas Stars]] and had been a crucial part of their 1999 Stanley Cup run. Belfour could not help their playoff woes in the [[2002-03 NHL season|2003]] playoffs, however, as the team lost to Philadelphia in seven games in the first round. 2003 also witnessed a change in the ownership ranks, as Stavro sold his controlling interest in MLSE to the [[Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan]] and resigned his position as Chairman of the Board in favour of Tanenbaum. Stavro died in 2006.

The [[2003-04 NHL season|2003-04]] season started in an uncommon way for the team, as they held their training camp in [[Sweden]] and played in the [[NHL Challenge]] against teams from [[Sweden]] and [[Finland]]. That year, the Leafs had a very successful regular season, posting a franchise-record 103 points. They finished with the fourth-best record in the league (their best overall finish in 41 years) and also managed a .628 win percentage, their best in 43 years and the third-best in franchise history. Toronto defeated the Senators in the first round of the playoffs for the fourth time in five years, but lost to the Flyers in the second round in six games.

===Post-lockout era===
Following the [[2004-05 NHL lockout]], the Leafs began experiencing some rough times. They struggled in [[2005-06 NHL season|2005-06]], and despite a late-season surge (9-1-2 in their final 12), led by third-string goaltender [[Jean-Sébastien Aubin|Jean-Sebastien Aubin]], the Leafs were eliminated from playoff contention for the first time since 1998. This marked the first time that the team missed the playoffs under coach [[Pat Quinn]], and as a result he was fired shortly after the season. [[Paul Maurice]], an experienced NHL coach who had just coached the Leafs' [[American Hockey League]] affiliate, the [[Toronto Marlies]], in their inaugural season, was announced as Pat Quinn's replacement. On June 30, 2006, the Maple Leafs bought out the contract of long-time fan favourite, Tie Domi. The team's current marketing slogan is "The Passion That Unites Us All." In addition to Domi, the Maple Leafs also decided against picking up the option year on the contract of goaltender Ed Belfour. Both players became free agents on July 1, 2006, effectively ending their tenures with the Toronto Maple Leafs. However, despite the coaching change and addition of new players such as [[Pavel Kubina]] and [[Michael Peca]], the Leafs again did not make the playoffs in [[2006-07 Toronto Maple Leafs season|2006-07]] or [[2007–08 Toronto Maple Leafs season|2007-08]].

On January 22, 2008, general manager [[John Ferguson Jr.]] was fired and was replaced by [[Cliff Fletcher]]<ref name="titleTSN : NHL - Canadas Sports Leader">{{cite web |url=http://www.tsn.ca/nhl/news_story/?ID=227906&hubname= |title=TSN : NHL - Canada's Sports Leader |accessdate=2008-01-22 |format= |work=}}</ref> on an interim basis. On May 7, the Leafs fired head coach Paul Maurice and assistant coach [[Randy Ladouceur]], and replaced them with former [[San Jose Sharks]] coach, [[Ron Wilson (ice hockey b. 1955)|Ron Wilson]], and assistants Tim Hunter and Rob Zettler.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.tsn.ca/nhl/story/?id=237026&lid=headline&lpos=topStory_nhl | title=Maple Leafs fire head coach Paul Maurice | publisher=[[The Sports Network|TSN]].ca | date=May 7, 2008 | accessdate=2008-05-07}}</ref>

==Rivalries==
{{seealso|National Hockey League rivalries}}

As one of the oldest teams in the league, the Leafs have developed numerous rivalries. The deepest of these is with the [[Montreal Canadiens]], which is acknowledged as one of the richest rivalries in ice hockey,<ref name = "tsnrivals">{{cite web | url = http://www.tsn.ca/nhl/feature/?fid=10912&hubname= | title = The Rivalry | publisher = TSN | accessdate = 2008-04-24}}</ref> and has labeled the two as "[[Toronto-Montreal rivalry|Forever Rivals]]."<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.cbc.ca/news/story/2006/08/09/hnic-sked.html | title = HNIC releases new schedule | publisher = CBC Sports | date = 2006-08-09 | accessdate = 2008-04-24}}</ref> The Canadiens have won 24 Stanley Cups, while the Leafs have won 13, putting them at first and second place in NHL history, respectively. The Canadiens' fan point of view is perhaps most famously captured in the popular Canadian short story "[[The Hockey Sweater]]", by [[Roch Carrier]], originally published in French as "Une abominable feuille d'érable sur la glace" ("An abominable maple leaf on the ice") referring to the Maple Leafs sweater his mother forces him to wear.

The rivalry between the Leafs and the [[Ottawa Senators]], known as ''[[National Hockey League rivalries#Battle of Ontario|The Battle of Ontario]]'', has heated up since the late 1990s, owing in no small part to the Canadiens' struggles during that period. While Ottawa has dominated during most of the teams' regular season matchups in recent years, the Leafs have won all four postseason series between the two teams, including a four-game sweep.

The Leafs' biggest U.S.-based rivals of late have been the [[Philadelphia Flyers]], who defeated the Leafs in the 2003 and 2004 [[Stanley Cup]] Playoffs. The rivalry goes back to the 1970s when the Flyers and Leafs had the reputation as being two of the toughest (and often most penalized) teams in the league. Games between the two teams are still often very physical.

The [[Buffalo Sabres]] have also been cited as notable American rivals of the Leafs. Buffalo is the NHL team which is closest to Toronto, only a short drive along the [[Queen Elizabeth Way]]. A large number of Leaf fans typically travels to Buffalo for road games there, giving them a somewhat neutral setting.

The Leafs also maintain a traditional Original Six rivalry with the [[Detroit Red Wings]]. The teams' close proximity to each other (the two cities are just {{convert|380|km|mi}} apart) and a number of shared fans - particularly in markets such as [[Windsor, Ontario]] - means the rivalry is found more in the crowd than on the ice; since the Maple Leafs moved to the [[Eastern Conference (NHL)|Eastern Conference]] in [[1998-99 NHL season|1998]], the two teams have faced each other less often each season.

==Fan base==
Maple Leafs fans are known by the collective nickname "Leafs Nation," which the club uses on its [http://www.mapleleafs.com website]. Maple Leafs home games have long been one of the toughest tickets to acquire in Canada, even during lean periods.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Hockey/NHL/Colorado/2006/10/18/2059541-sun.html | title = Avs, Leafs battle over sellout record | last = Hornsby | first = Lance | publisher = ''Toronto Sun'' | date = 2006-10-18 | accessdate = 2008-05-01}}</ref> The Leafs, along with the [[Minnesota Wild]], currently have the longest sellout streaks in the [[NHL]]. As of 2008, there is a waiting list of about 2,500 names for season tickets. Earlier, they sold out every game at Maple Leaf Gardens from 1946 until the building closed in 1999.<ref>[http://hockey.ballparks.com/NHL/TorontoMapleLeafs/index.htm Maple Leaf Gardens page at Ballparks.com]</ref> With an average of US$1.9 million per game, the Leafs had the highest average ticket revenue per game in the [[2007&ndash;08 NHL season|2007&ndash;08 season]]; the previous season they earned about $1.5 million per game.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.thestar.com/Sports/Hockey/article/433906 | title = Canadian NHL teams mean money | last = Westhead | first = Rick | publisher = ''Toronto Star'' | date = 2008-05-30 | accessdate = 2008-05-30}}</ref>

The Leafs are also commonly called the "Buds", in reference to maple buds.

Conversely, there is an equally passionate dislike of the team by fans of several other NHL teams. In November 2002, the Leafs were named by ''[[Sports Illustrated]]'' hockey writer Michael Farber as the "Most Hated Team in Hockey."<ref>{{cite web | title = Sabres still searching for new owner | url = http://www.cbc.ca/sports/story/2002/11/17/thisweekinhockey021117.html | publisher = CBC Sports | date = 2002-11-17 | accessdate = 2008-05-01}}</ref> Leafs fans are also known for being loyal despite being treated poorly &mdash; in a 2008 survey by ''[[ESPN The Magazine]]'' on rewarding fans, the Leafs were ranked 121st out of the 122 professional teams in the [[Major North American professional sports leagues|Big Four leagues]]. Teams were graded by stadium experience, ownership, player quality, ticket affordability, championships won and "bang for the buck"; in particular, the Leafs came last in ticket affordability.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.nationalpost.com/sports/story.html?id=483856 | title = Leafs Are 121St (Of 122) In Rewarding Fans | last = O'Connor | first = Joe | publisher = ''National post'' | date = 2008-05-01 | accessdate = 2008-05-01}}</ref>

In the [[United States]], several cities in the [[Sun Belt]] have sizable numbers of Leaf fans, as many [[Snowbird (people)|Snowbirds]] tend to flock to locales such as [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]], [[Tampa Bay]], and [[Miami]] during the winter, resulting in a boost in turnout and ticket sales when these franchises play the Maple Leafs.{{Fact|date=October 2008}}

==Season-by-season record==
''This is a partial list of the last five seasons completed by the Maple Leafs. For the full season-by-season history, see [[Toronto Maple Leafs seasons]]''

'''''Note:''' GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, OTL = Overtime losses, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, PIM = Penalties in minutes, TG = Playoff series decided on total goals''
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#dddddd;" |
| Season || GP || W || L || T || OTL|| Pts || GF || GA|| PIM || Finish || Playoffs
|-
| [[2003-04 NHL season|2003-04]] || 82|| 45 ||24 ||10 ||3 ||103 ||242|| 204 ||1452 || 2nd, Northeast || Lost in Conference Semifinals, 2-4 ([[Philadelphia Flyers|Flyers]])
|-bgcolor="#eeeeee"
| [[2004-05 NHL season|2004-05]] || colspan="11" | ''Season cancelled due to [[2004–05 NHL lockout]]''
|-
| [[2005-06 NHL season|2005-06]]<sup>1</sup> || 82 || 41 || 33 || -- || 8 || 90 || 257 || 270 || 1291 || 4th, Northeast || Did not qualify
|-bgcolor="#eeeeee"
| [[2006-07 Toronto Maple Leafs season|2006-07]] || 82 || 40 || 31 || -- || 11 || 91 || 258 || 269 || 1065 || 3rd, Northeast || Did not qualify
|-
| [[2007-08 NHL season|2007-08]] || 82 || 36 || 35 || -- || 11 || 83 || 231 || 260 || 1087 || 5th, Northeast || Did not qualify
|}

:<sup>1</sup> <small> Starting [[2005-06 NHL season]], games remaining tied after overtime are decided by [[Penalty shootout|shootout]]. </small>

==Players==
===Current roster===
{{Toronto Maple Leafs Roster}}

===Honoured members===
{{main|Toronto Maple Leafs notable players and award winners}}
The following members of the Toronto Maple Leafs have been inducted into the [[Hockey Hall of Fame]]. The list includes anyone who played for the Leafs who was later inducted as a player. The list of builders includes anyone inducted as a builder who spent any part of their career in a coaching, management, or ownership role with the Leafs.

====Players====
<div style="float:left; width:48%;">
* [[Jack Adams (coach)|Jack Adams]], C, 1922-26, inducted 1959
* [[George Armstrong (ice hockey)|George Armstrong]], C, 1950-71, inducted 1975
* [[Syl Apps]], C, 1936-48, inducted 1961
* [[Ace Bailey]], LW, 1926-33, inducted 1978
* [[Andy Bathgate]], C, 1963-65, inducted 1978
* [[Max Bentley]], C, 1947-53, inducted 1966
* [[Leo Boivin]], D, 1951-55, inducted 1986
* [[Johnny Bower]], G, 1958-70, inducted 1976
* [[Turk Broda]], G, 1936-52, inducted 1967
* [[Harry Cameron]], D, 1917-23, inducted 1962
* [[Gerry Cheevers]], G, 1961-62, inducted 1985
* [[King Clancy]], D, 1930-36, inducted 1958
* [[Sprague Cleghorn]], D, 1920-21, inducted 1958
* [[Charlie Conacher]], RW, 1929-37, inducted 1961
* [[Rusty Crawford]], LW, 1917-19, inducted 1962
* [[Hap Day]], D, 1924-37, inducted 1961
* [[Gordie Drillon]], LW, 1937-42, inducted 1975
* [[Dick Duff]], LW, 1954-64, inducted 2006
* [[Babe Dye]], RW, 1920-26, 1930, inducted 1970
* [[Fernie Flaman]], D, 1950-54, inducted 1990
* [[Ron Francis]], C, 2003-04, to be inducted 2007
* [[Grant Fuhr]], G, 1991-93, inducted 2003
* [[Mike Gartner]], RW, 1994-96, inducted 2001
* [[Eddie Gerard]], D, 1921-22, inducted 1945
* [[George Hainsworth]], G, 1933-37, inducted 1961
* [[Hap Holmes]], G, 1917-19, inducted 1972
* [[Red Horner]], D, 1928-40, inducted 1965
* [[Tim Horton]], D, 1952-70, inducted 1977
</div><div style="float:right; width:48%;">
* [[Syd Howe]], LW, 1931-32, inducted 1965
* [[Busher Jackson]], LW, 1929-39, inducted 1971
* [[Red Kelly]], D, 1960-67, inducted 1969
* [[Ted Kennedy (ice hockey)|Ted Kennedy]], C, 1943-57, inducted 1966
* [[Dave Keon]], C, 1960-75, inducted 1986
* [[Harry Lumley (ice hockey)|Harry Lumley]], G, 1952-56, inducted 1980
* [[Frank Mahovlich]], LW, 1957-68, inducted 1981
* [[Lanny McDonald]], RW, 1973-79, inducted 1992
* [[Dickie Moore (ice hockey)|Dickie Moore]], LW, 1964-65, inducted 1974
* [[Larry Murphy]], D, 1995-97, inducted 2004
* [[Frank Nighbor]], C, 1929-30, inducted 1947
* [[Reg Noble]], LW, 1919-24, inducted 1962
* [[Bert Olmstead]], RW, 1958-62, inducted 1985
* [[Bernie Parent]], G, 1970-72, inducted 1984
* [[Pierre Pilote]], D, 1968-69, inducted 1975
* [[Jacques Plante]], G, 1970-73, inducted 1978
* [[Babe Pratt]], D, 1942-46, inducted 1966
* [[Joe Primeau]], C, 1927-36, inducted 1963
* [[Marcel Pronovost]], D, 1965-70, inducted 1978
* [[Bob Pulford]], LW, 1956-70, inducted 1991
* [[Börje Salming|Borje Salming]], D, 1973-89, inducted 1996
* [[Terry Sawchuk]], G, 1964-67, inducted 1971
* [[Sweeney Schriner]], LW, 1939-46, inducted 1962
* [[Darryl Sittler]], C, 1970-82, inducted 1989
* [[Allan Stanley]], D, 1958-68, inducted 1981
* [[Norm Ullman]], C, 1968-75, inducted 1982
* [[Harry Watson (ice hockey b. 1923)|Harry Watson]], LW, 1946-55, inducted 1994
</div><br clear="all">

====Builders====
<div style="float:left; width:48%;">
* [[Harold Ballard]], owner/executive/director, 1957-89, inducted 1977
* [[J. P. Bickell]], shareholder/director, 1919-51, inducted 1978
* [[Cliff Fletcher]], president/general manager, 1991-97, inducted 2004
* [[Jim Gregory (ice hockey)|Jim Gregory]], general manager, 1969-79, inducted 2007
* [[Foster Hewitt]], announcer, 1927-63, inducted 1965
* [[Punch Imlach]], coach/general manager, 1958-69 and 1979-80, inducted 1984
* [[Dick Irvin]], coach, 1931-40, inducted 1958
</div><div style="float:right; width:48%;">
* [[Frank Mathers]], player/executive, 1948-52, inducted 1992
* [[Howie Meeker]], player/coach/general manager/broadcaster, 1946-57, inducted 1998
* [[Roger Neilson]], coach, 1977-79, inducted 2002
* [[Bud Poile]], player/executive, 1942-48, inducted 1990
* [[Frank J. Selke]], executive, 1929-46, inducted 1960
* [[Conn Smythe]], owner/executive/director, 1927-66, inducted 1958
* [[Carl Voss]], player/executive, 1926-29, inducted 1974
</div><br clear="all">

===Franchise scoring leaders===
{{see|Toronto Maple Leafs records}}
These are the top-ten point-scorers in franchise history, as of the end of the 2007–08 season. Figures are updated after each completed NHL regular season.

'''''Legend:''' Pos = Position; GP = Games Played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; P/G = Points per game; * = current Maple Leafs player''
<!--PLEASE DO NOT UPDATE STATISTICS MID-SEASON, AS IT CREATES MORE PROBLEMS THAN IT SOLVES, AND WIKIPEDIA'S PURPOSE IS NOT TO PROVIDE UP-TO-THE-MINUTE STATISTICS. PLEASE SAVE THE UPDATING OF STATISTICS UNTIL THE END OF THE REGULAR SEASON AND/OR PLAYOFFS.-->
{| class="sortable"
|- align="center" style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#dddddd;" |
| align="left" | Player || Pos || GP || G || A || Pts || P/G
|- align="center"
| align="left" | [[Mats Sundin]] || C || 981 || 420 || 567 || '''987''' || 1.01
|- align="center" bgcolor="#eeeeee"
| align="left" | [[Darryl Sittler]] || C || 844 || 389 || 527 || '''916''' || 1.09
|- align="center"
| align="left" | [[Dave Keon]] || C || 1062 || 365 || 493 || '''858''' || .81
|- align="center" bgcolor="#eeeeee"
| align="left" | [[Börje Salming|Borje Salming]] || D || 1099 || 148 || 620 || '''768''' || .70
|- align="center"
| align="left" | [[George Armstrong (hockey)|George Armstrong]] || RW || 1187 || 296 || 417 || '''713''' || .60
|- align="center" bgcolor="#eeeeee"
| align="left" | [[Ron Ellis]] || RW || 1034 || 332 || 308 || '''640''' || .62
|- align="center"
| align="left" | [[Frank Mahovlich]] || LW || 720 || 296 || 303 || '''599''' || .83
|- align="center" bgcolor="#eeeeee"
| align="left" | [[Bob Pulford]] || LW || 947 || 251 || 312 || '''563''' || .59
|- align="center"
| align="left" | [[Ted Kennedy (ice hockey)|Ted Kennedy]] || C || 696 || 231 || 329 || '''560''' || .80
|- align="center" bgcolor="#eeeeee"
| align="left" | [[Rick Vaive]] || RW || 534 || 299 || 238 || '''537''' || 1.01
|}


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Bildungsroman]]
{{Commonscat}}
*[[Carl G. Jung]]
* [[Toronto Blueshirts]] (1912-17)
* [[Pittsburgh Hornets]] minor league farm team (1961-1967)
* [[Toronto Marlboros]] farm team 1927-1989
* [[Markham Waxers]] former farm team
* [[St. Catharines Saints]] 1982-1986
* [[Newmarket Saints]] farm team 1986-1991
* [[St. John's Maple Leafs]] farm team 1991-2005
* [[Toronto Marlies]] farm team (2005-present)
* [[Columbia Inferno]] minor league farm team 2006-present
* [[List of Toronto Maple Leafs players]]

==References and notes==
* {{cite book|title=Deceptions and Doublecross|last=Holzman|first=Morey|publisher=Dundurn Press|year=2002}}

{{reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://mapleleafs.nhl.com/ Toronto Maple Leafs official web site]
* [http://classiclit.about.com/od/demian/fr/aafpr_demian.htm A short reference to Demian]
* [http://www.readinggroupguides.com/guides_D/demian1.asp A short Demian guide and discussion questions]


{{Hermann Hesse}}
{{Navboxes|titlestyle = background:#003876; color:white;|list1=
<span/>
{{start box}}
{{succession box | before = [[Seattle Metropolitans]] | title = Toronto<br />[[Stanley Cup]] Champions | years = [[1917-18 NHL season|1917-18]] | after = [[Ottawa Senators (original)|Ottawa Senators]]}}
{{succession box | before = [[Ottawa Senators (original)|Ottawa Senators]] | title = Toronto St. Pats<br />[[Stanley Cup]] Champions | years = [[1921-22 NHL season|1921-22]] | after = [[Ottawa Senators (original)|Ottawa Senators]]}}
{{succession box | before = [[Montreal Canadiens]] | title = [[Stanley Cup]] Champions | years = [[1931-32 NHL season|1931-32]] | after = [[New York Rangers]]}}
{{succession box | before = [[Boston Bruins]] | title = [[Stanley Cup]] Champions | years = [[1941-42 NHL season|1941-42]] | after = [[Detroit Red Wings]]}}
{{succession box | before = [[Montreal Canadiens]] | title = [[Stanley Cup]] Champions | years = [[1944-45 NHL season|1944-45]] | after = [[Montreal Canadiens]]}}
{{succession box | before = [[Montreal Canadiens]] | title = [[Stanley Cup]] Champions | years = [[1946-47 NHL season|1946-47]], [[1947-48 NHL season|1947-48]], [[1948-49 NHL season|1948-49]] | after = [[Detroit Red Wings]]}}
{{succession box | before = [[Detroit Red Wings]] | title = [[Stanley Cup]] Champions | years = [[1950-51 NHL season|1950-51]] | after = [[Detroit Red Wings]]}}
{{succession box | before = [[Chicago Blackhawks|Chicago Black Hawks]] | title = [[Stanley Cup]] Champions | years = [[1961-62 NHL season|1961-62]], [[1962-63 NHL season|1962-63]], [[1963-64 NHL season|1963-64]] | after = [[Montreal Canadiens]]}}
{{succession box | before = [[Montreal Canadiens]] | title = [[Stanley Cup]] Champions | years = [[1967 Stanley Cup Finals|1966-67]] | after = [[Montreal Canadiens]]}}
{{end box}}

{{Toronto Maple Leafs}}
{{LeafsCoach}}
{{Toronto Maple Leafs seasons}}
{{NHL}}
{{Toronto Sports}}
{{Ontario Sports}}
}}


[[Category:Sports clubs established in 1917]]
[[Category:1919 novels]]
[[Category:Toronto Maple Leafs|*]]
[[Category:Novels by Hermann Hesse]]


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Revision as of 04:34, 13 October 2008

Demian: The Story of Emil Sinclair's Youth
File:Demiancover.jpg
The cover of Demian by Hermann Hesse.
AuthorHermann Hesse
Original titleDie Geschichte von Emil Sinclairs Jugend
TranslatorHilda Rosner
CountryGermany
LanguageGerman
GenreNovel
PublisherHarperClassics (Eng. trans)
Publication date
1919
Published in English
1962
Media typePrint (Hardback & Paperback)
Pages176 pp (first English edition, paperback)
ISBNISBN 0060931914 (first English edition, paperback) Parameter error in {{ISBNT}}: invalid character

Demian: The Story of Emil Sinclair's Youth is a Bildungsroman by Hermann Hesse, first published in 1919, but a prologue was added in 1960. Demian was first published under the pseudonym "Emil Sinclair", the name of the narrator of the story, but Hesse was later revealed to be the author. The name "Emil Sinclair" was chosen because he was a friend of the poet Novalis, whom Hesse adored. The novel was written in just three weeks.[citation needed]

Plot summary

Emil Sinclair is a young boy who was raised in a bourgeois home described as a Scheinwelt. "Scheinwelt" is a play on words and means world of light as well as world of illusion. Through the novel, accompanied and prompted by his mysterious classmate Max Demian, he descends from and revolts against the superficial ideals of this world, eventually awakening into a realization of self.

Characters

  • Emil Sinclair - the main protagonist of the novel. Sinclair is confused as to what his life is, and is going to be, and constantly seeks mentorship throughout the novel.
  • Sinclair's mother and father - symbols of safety toward which Sinclair first finds refuge, but eventually rebels against.
  • Franz Kromer - A bully whose psychological torture leads Sinclair to meet Max Demian.
  • Max Demian - Childhood friend and mentor of Sinclair. Demian leads Sinclair to his eventual Self Realization.
  • Alfons Beck - the "sarcastic and avuncular" oldest boy in the boardinghouse into which Sinclair enrolls after his confirmation. Beck serves as a minor mentor to Sinclair, and introduces Sinclair to the joys and pitfalls of alcohol.
  • Pistorius - a rector, organ donor at a local church, and temporary mentor for Sinclair. Pistorius teaches Sinclair how to look inside himself for spiritual guidance.
  • Frau Eva - Max Demian's mother. She becomes Emil Sinclair's ideal, first in visions, then in person.

Themes, motifs, and symbols

Themes

Embrace of duality

A major underlying theme of this novel is opposing forces and the idea that both are necessary.

Spiritual enlightenment

The novel references concepts of Gnosticism, particularly the god Abraxas, and shows the influence of Carl Jung's psychology. Hesse said the novel was a story of Jungian individuation, the process of opening up to one's unconscious.

Woman as an ideal form

Throughout the stages of Emil Sinclair's life, he refers to various females as an ideal archetype. As a young boy, he contrasted his sisters, who fit naturally into the "world of light," with the family's maid, who seemed to live a double life. During his school days, he glimpsed a beautiful woman and revered her as an ideal (named for Dante's Beatrice) that he used to pull himself out of a moral and spiritual decay. Finally, as a young man, he meets Frau Eva, who he sees as the culmination of everything he has been striving toward. All of these women are portrayed more as symbols than fully developed characters, and they are used to shape the protagonist's views of an ideal.

Symbols

The God Abraxas

The Gnostic deity Abraxas is used as a symbol throughout the text, idealizing the harmonious union of all that is good and all that is evil in the world. Demian argues that the Catholic God is an insufficient god; it rules over all that is wholesome, but there is another half of the world. The symbol of Abraxas appears in the novel as a bird breaking free of an egg or a globe.

The Sparrow Hawk

Symbolizes Abraxas.

Style

Though this is an earlier work, the style of Demian is pure Hermann Hesse. Hesse quickly dramatizes moral and theological points, directly through the thoughts of the main character and his intense interaction with life teachers. Hesse's legacy is to economize by forming a drama which focuses entirely on direct, chthonic discovery that could be shocking to early 20th century readers.

Notable passages

These passages are segments of the novel that best demonstrate themes and lessons to be learned when reading Demian. They are the central ideas and morals of the book.

"Der Vogel kämpft sich aus dem Ei. Das Ei ist die Welt. Wer geboren werden will, muss eine Welt zerstören. Der Vogel fliegt zu Gott. Der Gott heisst Abraxas."
(The bird struggles out of the egg. The egg is the world. Whoever wants to be born, must first destroy a world. The bird flies to God. That God's name is Abraxas.)
"Fate and temperament are two words for one and the same concept." That was clear to me now.
I have no objection to worshiping this God Jehovah, far from it. But I mean we ought to consider everything sacred, the entire world, not merely the artificially separated half! Thus alongside the divine service we should also have a service for the devil.

See also

External links

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