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{{Infobox musical artist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians -->
| Name = Irving Berlin
| Img = Irving Berlin Portrait2.jpg
| Img_capt = In 1948
| Img_size = <!-- Only for images narrower than 220 pixels -->
| Landscape =
| Background = non_performing_personnel
| Birth_name = Israel Isidore Baline (Beilin)
| Alias =
| Born = 11 May 1888<br> probably [[Mogilev]], Russia (now [[Belarus]])
| Died = 22 September 1989 (aged 101) <br> New York City, New York, United States
| Genre = [[Broadway theater|Broadway]] [[Musical theatre|musicals]], [[revue]]s, [[show tune]]s
| Occupation = Songwriter, [[composer]], [[lyricist]]
| Years_active = 1902 – 1962
| Label =
| Associated_acts =
}}


{{Non-free poster}}
'''Irving Berlin''' (11 May 1888 &ndash; 22 September 1989</small>) was a Russian-born American [[composer]] and [[lyricist]], and one of the most prolific American songwriters in history. Berlin was one of the few [[Tin Pan Alley]]/[[Broadway theater|Broadway]] songwriters who wrote both lyrics and music for his songs. Although he never learned to [[Sight reading#In music|read music]] beyond a rudimentary level, with the help of various uncredited musical assistants or collaborators, he eventually composed over 3,000 songs, many of which (e.g. "[[God Bless America]]", "[[White Christmas (song)|White Christmas]]", "[[Anything You Can Do (song)|Anything You Can Do]]", "[[There's No Business Like Show Business (song)|There's No Business Like Show Business]]") left an indelible mark on music and culture worldwide. He composed seventeen film scores and twenty-one [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] scores.
{{Information

|Description = Film poster for ''[[Black and White (2002 film)]]'' - Copyright 2002, Duo Art Productions
==Biography==
|Source = [http://impawards.com/2002/black_and_white.html Impawards]
===Early life===
|Date = January 20, 2006
Berlin was born '''Israel Isidore Baline''', or '''Beilin'''<ref>[http://www.ellisisland.org/genealogy/ellis_island_famous_arrivals.asp Famous Ellis Island passenger arrivals]</ref> to an [[Ashkenazi]] [[Jew]]ish family in [[Mogilev]], now [[Belarus]] (according to other sources possibly in [[Tyumen]], Russia).<ref name="Tormé">{{cite web | last =Bloom| first =Nate| authorlink =| coauthors =| title=The Jews Who Wrote Christmas Songs| publisher =InterfaithFamily| date =[[2006-12-19]] | url =http://www.interfaithfamily.com/site/apps/nl/content2.asp?c=ekLSK5MLIrG&b=297399&ct=3303147| format =| accessdate =2006-12-19 }}</ref> His family immigrated to the United States in 1893. His parents were Leah (Lena) Yarchin and Mosheh (Moses) Baline (transcribed as Beilin); his father was a [[Hazzan|cantor]] who obtained other paid work certifying [[kosher]] meat.<ref>[http://www.nydailynews.com/city_life/big_town/v-bigtown_archive/story/209553p-180590c.html ''New York Daily News'' archive]</ref>
|Author = POV

|Permission = Fair use rationale for [[Earthquake (film)]]<br />
Following the death of his father in 1896, Irving found himself having to work to survive. He did various street jobs, including selling newspapers and [[busking]]. The harsh economic reality of having to work or starve was to have a lasting effect on the way Berlin treated money. While working as a singing waiter at Pelham's Cafe in [[Chinatown]], Berlin was asked by the proprietor to write an original song for the cafe because a rival tavern had had their own song published. "Marie from Sunny Italy," with music by Nick Nicholson, the cafe's pianist, was the result, and it was soon published. Although it earned him only 37 cents, it gave him a new career and a new name: Israel Beilin was misprinted as "I. Berlin" on the sheet music. *
I ([[User:Quentin X|Quentin X]]) have uploaded this image here. Though the picture is subject to copyright, I feel it is covered by the U.S. fair use laws for this page alone because:

#No free equivalent exists that would effectively identify the article's subject.
Berlin first worked solely as a lyricist and only began to attempt to compose music when a misunderstanding arose concerning his lyric "Dorando." He tried to sell the lyric to someone who assumed he had music to go with it. Although at the time he could play no instrument at all, he endeavored to come up with something with the help of an arranger. Throughout his career Berlin relied on musical assistants or collaborators. Cliff Hess worked for Berlin in this way from approximately 1912 to 1917 and was succeeded by [[Arthur Johnston (composer)| Arthur Johnston]] and then Helmy Kresa. These musicians were not credited as co-composers.
#The image does not in any way limit the ability of the copyright owners to market or sell their product.

#The image is only used once and is rendered in low resolution to avoid piracy.
Berlin was a self-taught pianist and one who reputedly restricted himself mainly to the black keys of the piano. Eventually he bought a special piano with a lever under the keyboard, enabling him to transpose his music mechanically.<ref>[[P. G. Wodehouse|Wodehouse, P. G.]], ''[[Bring on the Girls]]'', page 132 as reprinted in ''The Theatre Omnibus'', (1994), Hutchinson, London</ref> He once explained his compositional method thus: "I get an idea, either a title or a phrase or a melody, and hum it out to something definite. When I have completed a song and memorized it, I dictate it to an arranger."
#The image has been published outside Wikipedia; see source above.

#The image meets general Wikipedia content requirements and is encyclopedic.
Many of his earliest songs, among them "Sadie Salome (Go Home)," "That Mesmerizing Mendelssohn Tune," and "Oh How That German Could Love," enjoyed modest success in sheet music form, as recordings, on the vaudeville stage, or as interpolations into stage shows, but it was "[[Alexander's Ragtime Band]]," written in 1911 with the help of Alfred Doyle, that launched his career as one of [[Tin Pan Alley]]'s brightest stars. Richard Corliss, in a [[Time magazine]] profile of Berlin in 2001, wrote:
#The image meets Wikipedia's media-specific policy.

#The image is used in the article wiki-linked in the section title.
<blockquote>''[[Alexander's Ragtime Band]]'' (1911). It was a march, not a [[ragtime| rag]], and its savviest musicality comprised quotes from a [[bugle call]] and ''[[Swanee River]]''. But the tune, which revived the [[ragtime]] fervor that [[Scott Joplin]] had stoked a decade earlier, made Berlin a songwriting star. On its first release, four versions of the tune charted at # 1, # 2, # 3 and # 4. [[Bessie Smith]], in 1927, and [[Louis Armstrong]], in 1937, made the top 20 with their interpretations. In 1938 the song was # 1 again, in a [[duet]] by [[Bing Crosby]] and Connee Boswell; another Crosby duet, this time with [[Al Jolson]], hit the top 20 in 1947. [[Johnny Mercer]] charted a swing version in 1945, and [[Nellie Lutcher]] put it on the [[R&B]] charts (# 13) in 1948. Add [[Ray Charles]]' brilliant [[big-band]] take in 1959, and "Alexander" had a dozen hit versions in a bit under a half century.<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/sampler/article/0,8599,189846,00.html That Old Christmas Feeling: Irving America. Richard Corliss remembers Irving Berlin, whose career was more than "[[White Christmas]]" and "God Bless America"] TIME Magazine. December 24, 2001</ref></blockquote>
#The image is significant in identifying the subject of the article, which is the film itself.

#The image is used in the article namespace.
===Works for the musical stage===
#The image has a brief description that identifies the image, notes the source, and provides attribution to the copyright holder.
After the success of "Alexander", Berlin was rumored to be writing a "ragtime opera," but instead he produced his first full-length work for the musical stage, ''[[Watch Your Step (musical)|Watch Your Step]]'' (1914), starring [[Vernon and Irene Castle]], the first musical comedy to make pervasive use of syncopated rhythms. A similar show entitled ''Stop! Look! Listen!'' followed in 1915.

In 1917, during World War I, he entered the United States Army and staged a musical revue, ''[[Yip Yip Yaphank]]'', while at Camp Upton in Yaphank, New York. Billed as "a military mess cooked up by the boys of Camp Upton," the cast of the show consisted of 350 members of the armed forces. The revue was a patriotic tribute to the United States Army, and Berlin composed a song entitled "God Bless America" for the show, but decided against using it. When it was released years later, "God Bless America" proved so popular that suggestions were made that it should become the National Anthem. It remains to this day one of his most successful songs and one of the most widely known in the United States. A particularly famous rendition occurred after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, when members of the United States Congress stood together on the steps of the United States Capitol and sang Berlin's song.[5] Some songs from the Yaphank revue were later included in the 1943 movie ''[[This Is the Army]]'' featuring other Berlin songs, including the famous title piece, as well as a rendition of "God Bless America" by [[Kate Smith]]. Berlin himself sang "Oh, How I Hate to Get Up in the Morning". His natural singing voice was so soft that the recording volume had to be increased significantly in order to record acceptably.

After the war, Berlin built his own theater, the Music Box, as a showplace for annual revues featuring his latest songs; the first of these was "The Music Box Revue of 1921". The theater is still in use, incidentally. Though most of his works for the Broadway stage took the form of revues — collections of songs with no unifying plot — he did write a number of book shows. ''[[The Cocoanuts]]'' (1925) was a light comedy, with a cast featuring, among others, the [[Marx Brothers]]. ''[[Face the Music (musical)|Face the Music]]'' (1932) was a political satire with a book by [[Moss Hart]], and [[Louisiana Purchase]] (1940) was a satire of a Southern politician, obviously based on the exploits of [[Huey Long]]. ''[[As Thousands Cheer]]'' (1933) was a revue, also with book by Moss Hart, with a theme: each number was presented as an item in a newspaper, some of them touching on issues of the day. The show yielded a succession of hit songs, including "[[Easter Parade (song)|Easter Parade]]", "[[Heat Wave (song)|Heat Wave]]" (presented as the weather forecast), "Harlem on My Mind", and "[[Supper Time]]", a song about racial bigotry that was sung by [[Ethel Waters]].

During World War II, after receiving permission from [[George Marshall|General George Marshall]], Berlin organized an all-soldier revue in the spirit of ''[[Yip Yip Yaphank]]''. ''[[This Is the Army]]'' opened on 4 July 1942, with a cast of over 300 servicemen, and ran for three years, first on Broadway, then on tour in the United States, and then abroad. The [[US Army Soldier Show]] still exists today.

Berlin's most successful Broadway musical was ''[[Annie Get Your Gun (musical)|Annie Get Your Gun]]'' (1946), produced by [[Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II]]. Loosely based on the life of sharpshooter [[Annie Oakley]], the music and lyrics were written by Berlin, with a book by [[Herbert Fields]] and his sister [[Dorothy Fields]]. Berlin had taken on the job after the original choice, [[Jerome Kern]], died suddenly. At first he refused to take on the job, claiming that he knew nothing about "[[hillbilly]] music", but the show ran for 1,147 performances. It is said that the showstopper song, "[[There's No Business Like Show Business (song)|There's No Business Like Show Business]]", was almost left out of the show altogether because Berlin wrongly got the impression that Rodgers and Hammerstein did not like it. ''[[Annie Get Your Gun (musical)|Annie Get Your Gun]]'' is considered to be Berlin's best musical theatre score not only because of the number of hits it contains, but because its songs successfully combine character and plot development.

Berlin's next show, ''[[Miss Liberty]]'' (1949), was a relative flop. ''[[Call Me Madam]]'' (1950), with [[Ethel Merman]] portraying the famous Washington hostess [[Perle Mesta]], fared better, giving him his second greatest success, but his last show, ''[[Mr. President (musical)|Mr. President]]'' (1962), received unfavorable reviews and was a commercial failure. The premiere was attended by [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] President [[John F. Kennedy]], who had remarked earlier "If the song ["This Secret Service (Makes me Nervous)"] is anything like real life, I've already seen the show!" His aides [[Kenneth P. O'Donnell]] and [[David Powers]] afterwards offered President Kennedy's congratulations to Mr. Berlin for a believed hit. At this point, Berlin essentially retired from the public eye.

===Berlin and Hollywood===
In 1927, one of Berlin's songs, "Blue Skies," a hit from 1926, was featured in the first feature-length [[talkie]], ''[[The Jazz Singer (1927 film)|The Jazz Singer]]'', in which it was sung by Al Jolson.
''[[Top Hat]]'' (1935) was the first of a series of distinctive film musicals pioneered by Berlin that featured popular and attractive performers (such as Bing Crosby, Fred Astaire, Judy Garland, and Ginger Rogers), light romantic plots, and a seemingly endless string of his new and old songs. Other films of this sort included ''[[On the Avenue]]'' (1937), ''[[Holiday Inn (film)|Holiday Inn]]'' (1942), ''[[Blue Skies (film)|Blue Skies]]'' (1946), and ''[[Easter Parade (1948 film)|Easter Parade]]'' (1948). The film version of ''[[This Is the Army]]'' (1943), which featured Berlin himself singing "Oh, How I Hate to Get Up in the Morning," was a success, but film versions of several of his stage musicals, including ''[[Annie Get Your Gun (film)|Annie Get Your Gun]]'' (1950) and ''[[Call Me Madam]]'' (1953), were somewhat less successful than his written-for-Hollywood shows.

===White Christmas===
The 1942 film, ''[[Holiday Inn (film)|Holiday Inn]]'', introduced "[[White Christmas (song)|White Christmas]]," one of the most-recorded songs in history. First sung in the film by [[Bing Crosby]], it sold over 30 million copies when released as a record. The song was re-used as the title theme of the 1954 musical film, "[[White Christmas (film)|White Christmas]]", which starred Crosby, [[Danny Kaye]], [[Rosemary Clooney]], and [[Vera-Ellen]]. Crosby's single of "White Christmas" was recognized as the [[List of best selling singles|best-selling single]] in any music category for more than fifty years. Crosby's recording of "White Christmas" has sold additional millions of copies as part of numerous compilation albums, including his best-selling album ''Merry Christmas'', which was first released as an [[Vinyl record|LP]] in 1949.

The most familiar version of "White Christmas" is not the one Crosby originally recorded for ''Holiday Inn''. Crosby was called back to the [[Decca Records|Decca]] studios on 19 March 1947, to re-record "White Christmas" as a result of damage to the 1942 [[mastering|master]] due to its frequent use. Every effort was made to reproduce the original Decca recording session, once again including the [[John Scott Trotter Orchestra]] and the [[Ken Darby]] Singers. The resulting re-issue is the one that has become most familiar to the public.

"White Christmas" won Berlin the [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]] for Best Music in an Original Song, one of seven Oscar nominations he received over the course of his career. He is the only presenter in the history of the award to find his own name in the envelope on Oscar night.

His friend and fellow songwriter [[Jule Styne]] said of him, "It's easy to be clever. But the really clever thing is to be simple."<ref>[http://www.washtimes.com/commentary/20040610-091743-3433r.htm Media met its match] by Mark Steyn (Washington Times)</ref> Asked to define Berlin's place in American music, Jerome Kern said he had none: "Irving Berlin ''is'' American music."

===Personal life===
[[Image:Dorothy Goetz Berlin grave.jpg|thumb|Dorothy Goetz's grave ([[Forest Lawn Cemetery, Buffalo]], NY)]]

Berlin was married twice. His first wife, singer [[Dorothy Goetz]], sister of songwriter [[E. Ray Goetz]], contracted [[pneumonia]] and [[typhoid fever]] on their honeymoon to Cuba, and died five months after their wedding in 1912 at the age of twenty. Her death inspired Berlin's song "[[When I Lost You]]", which became one of his earliest hits. Curiously, a year before Dorothy Berlin's death, Irving Berlin, E. Ray Goetz, and [[Ted Snyder]] co-wrote a song called "There's a Girl in Havana".

His second wife was [[Ellin Mackay]], a devout Irish-American Catholic and heiress to the [[Comstock Lode]] mining fortune, as well as an avant-garde writer who had been published in ''[[The New Yorker]]''. They were married in 1926, against the wishes of both his family, who objected to religious intermarriage, and her father, [[Clarence Mackay]], a prominent Roman Catholic layman, who disinherited her.<ref>[http://www.nydailynews.com/city_life/big_town/v-bigtown_archive/story/209553p-180590c.html NY Daily News archives]</ref>
Without a [[dispensation]] from the Church, the two were joined in a civil ceremony on 4 January 1926, and were immediately [[anti-Semitism|snubbed]] by [[society]]: Ellin was immediately disinvited from the wedding of her friend [[Consuelo Vanderbilt]], although Vanderbilt was not a [[Catholic]]. Finances were not a problem, however: Berlin assigned her the rights to his song "[[Always (song)|Always]]" which yielded her a huge and steady income.

The couple had three daughters&mdash;[[Mary Ellin Barrett]], Linda Emmett, and Elizabeth Peters &mdash; and a son, Irving Berlin, Jr., who died as an infant on Christmas Day.

Berlin's patriotism was real, and deep. Too old for military service when his country entered World War II in 1941, he devoted his time and energy to writing new patriotic songs, such as "Any Bonds Today?", donating the proceeds from [[This Is the Army]] to the army itself, and entertaining the troops with a road company of that show, in which he was a member of the cast. After performances in the United States, the show played in London in 1943, at a time when the city was still under air attack from Germany. After a tour of the British Isles, the show went on to North Africa and then Italy, playing in Rome only weeks after that city was liberated. Next came the Middle East and the Pacific, where performances often took place in close proximity to battle zones. In recognition of this important and courageous contribution to troop morale, at war's end Berlin was awarded the Medal of Merit by President Truman.

A political conservative, Berlin supported the presidential candidacy of General Dwight Eisenhower, and his song "I Like Ike" featured prominently in the Eisenhower campaign. In his later years he became conservative in his views on music, as well; he had no use for the new styles sweeping through American popular music in the 1950s and 1960s, such as [[rock 'n' roll]], and he virtually gave up songwriting after the failure of [[Mr. President (musical)|Mr. President]] in 1962. In 1968, Berlin was awarded the [[Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award]]. Becoming a virtual recluse in his last years, Berlin did not attend the 100th birthday party held in his honor. However, he did attend the [[Liberty Weekend|centennial celebrations for the Statue of Liberty in 1986]].

===Death===
Berlin died of a [[myocardial infarction|heart attack]] in New York City at the [[Centenarians|age of 101]] and was interred in the [[Woodlawn Cemetery, Bronx|Woodlawn Cemetery]] in [[The Bronx]], New York.

==Media==
{{multi-listen start}}
{{multi-listen item|filename=IrvingBerlin-FollowtheCrowd2.ogg|title=Follow the Crowd|description=Sung by Irving Berlin himself in 1914|format=[[Ogg]]}}
{{multi-listen item|filename=IrvingBerlin-OhHowThatGermanCouldLove.ogg|title=Oh, How That German Could Love|description=Sung by Irving Berlin himself in 1910|format=[[ogg]]}}
{{multi-listen item
|filename = I Want to Go Back to Michigan.ogg
|title = I Want to Go Back to Michigan<!-- Or other title for the sound, if desired-->
|description = ''[[I Want to Go Back to Michigan]]'', performed by [[Billy Murray]] for [[Edison Records]] in 1914.
|format = [[Ogg]]}}
{{multi-listen item
|filename=Irving Berlin - That Mysterious Rag.ogg
|title=That Mysterious Rag
|description=A 1911 composition by Irving Berlin and [[Ted Snyder]]. Performed by the Premier Quartette in the same year.
}}
}}




{{multi-listen end}}

==Berlin's songs==
{{main|List of Irving Berlin songs}}

==References==
*{{cite book | author = Barrett, Mary Ellin | title = Irving Berlin: A Daughter's Memoir | year = 1994 | id = ISBN 0-671-72533-5}}
*{{cite book | author = Bergreen, Laurence | title = As Thousands Cheer: The Life of Irving Berlin | year = 1991 | id = ISBN 0-670-81874-7 }}
*{{cite book | author = Hamm, Charles | title = Irving Berlin: Songs from the Melting Pot | year = 1997 | id = ISBN 0-19-507188-3}}
*{{cite book | author = Hischak, Thomas S. | title = Word Crazy, Broadway Lyricists from Cohan to Sondheim | year = 1991 | id = ISBN 0-275-93849-2}}
*{{cite book | author = Leopold, David | title = Irving Berlin's Show Business : Broadway - Hollywood - America | year = 2005 | id = ISBN 0-8109-5891-0 }}
*{{cite book | author = Rosen, Jody |title = White Christmas: The Story of an American Song | year = 2002 | id = ISBN 0-743-21875-2 }}

==Additional reading==
*{{cite book | author = Furia, Philip |title = Irving Berlin: A Life in Song | year = 1997 | id = ISBN 0-028-64815-3 }}

==Footnotes==
{{reflist}}


==External links==
{{Commonscat}}
{{wikiquote}}
*[http://www.eisenhower.archives.gov/listofholdingshtml/finding_aids_b.html Papers of Irving Berlin, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library]
*{{ibdb name|id=6452|name=Irving Berlin}}
*{{imdb name|id=0000927|name=Irving Berlin}}
*[http://www.irvingberlin.com/ Irving Berlin Music Company]
*[http://www.pbs.org/wnet/gperf/shows/songbook/multimedia/bio_berlin.html PBS page on Irving Berlin], part of their ''[[Great Performances]]'' series
*[http://www.straightdope.com/columns/060728.html If Irving Berlin could not read or write music, how did he compose?] (from ''[[The Straight Dope]]'')
*[http://www.newworldrecords.org/liner_notes/80238.pdf Liner notes for ''The Vintage Irving Berlin'', New World Records NW 238]
*[http://catnyp.nypl.org/record=b7113133 Irving Berlin collection of non-commercial sound recordings], at the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
*[http://www.judy-garland.org/ep/index.html The Judy Room "Easter Parade" section]
*Elder, Daniel K. "Remarkable Sergeants: Ten Vignettes of Noteworthy NCOs," http://ncohistory.com/files/RemarkableSgts.pdf


{{DEFAULTSORT:Berlin, Irving}}
[[Category:Irving Berlin]]
[[Category:Agnostics]]
[[Category:American agnostics]]
[[Category:American songwriters]]
[[Category:American Jews]]
[[Category:American musical theatre composers]]
[[Category:American composers]]
[[Category:American film score composers]]
[[Category:American pianists]]
[[Category:Vaudeville performers]]
[[Category:American buskers]]
[[Category:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners]]
[[Category:Songwriters Hall of Fame inductees]]
[[Category:Best Song Academy Award winning songwriters]]
[[Category:Presidential Medal for Merit recipients]]
[[Category:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients]]
[[Category:Congressional Gold Medal recipients]]
[[Category:New York musicians]]
[[Category:People from New York City]]
[[Category:Jewish agnostics]]
[[Category:Jewish American musicians]]
[[Category:Jewish composers and songwriters]]
[[Category:Belarusian Jews]]
[[Category:Belarusian-American Jews]]
[[Category:Russian-American Jews]]
[[Category:American centenarians]]
[[Category:Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (The Bronx)]]
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1989 deaths]]
[[Category:Deaths by myocardial infarction]]
[[Category:People from Mahilyow Voblast, Belarus]]


[[Category:Film poster images]]
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Revision as of 23:46, 13 October 2008

File information
Description

Film poster for Black and White (2002 film) - Copyright 2002, Duo Art Productions

Source

Impawards

Date

January 20, 2006

Author

POV

Permission
(Reusing this file)

Fair use rationale for Earthquake (film)
I (Quentin X) have uploaded this image here. Though the picture is subject to copyright, I feel it is covered by the U.S. fair use laws for this page alone because:

  1. No free equivalent exists that would effectively identify the article's subject.
  2. The image does not in any way limit the ability of the copyright owners to market or sell their product.
  3. The image is only used once and is rendered in low resolution to avoid piracy.
  4. The image has been published outside Wikipedia; see source above.
  5. The image meets general Wikipedia content requirements and is encyclopedic.
  6. The image meets Wikipedia's media-specific policy.
  7. The image is used in the article wiki-linked in the section title.
  8. The image is significant in identifying the subject of the article, which is the film itself.
  9. The image is used in the article namespace.
  10. The image has a brief description that identifies the image, notes the source, and provides attribution to the copyright holder.


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