Aden Gulf torpedo and Stamulumab: Difference between pages

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{{drugbox |
<!-- This article was auto-generated by [[User:Polbot]]. -->
| type = mab
{{Taxobox
⚫
| image =
| name = Aden Gulf torpedo
| source = Human
⚫
| image =
| target =
| status = NT | status_system = IUCN3.1
| CAS_number = 705287-60-1
| regnum = [[Animalia]]
| ATC_prefix =
| phylum = [[Chordata]]
| ATC_suffix =
| classis = [[Chondrichthyes]]
| PubChem =
| ordo = [[Torpediniformes]]
| DrugBank =
| familia = [[Torpedinidae]]
| C=6330 | H=9748 | N=1672 | O=1668 | S=48
| genus = ''[[Torpedo (genus)|Torpedo]]''
| molecular_weight =
| species = '''''T. adenensis'''''
| bioavailability =
| binomial = ''Torpedo adenensis''
| protein_bound =
| binomial_authority = [[Ismar de Souza Carvalho|Carvalho]], Stehmann & Manilo, 2002
| synonyms = }}
| metabolism =
| elimination_half-life =
The '''Aden Gulf torpedo''', ''Torpedo adenensis'', is a species of [[electric ray]] in the family [[Torpedinidae]].<ref name="fishbase">{{FishBase_species| genus = Torpedo | species = adanensis | month = October | year = 2008}}</ref> It is believed to be [[Endemism|endemic]] to the [[Gulf of Aden]], off the coast of [[Yemen]].<ref name="iucn">{{cite web |url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/60131/all |title=IUCN 2008 Red List - Torpedo adanensis |accessdate=2008-10-11 |author=de Carvalho, M.R. and McCord, M.E.}}</ref> A member of the subgenus ''Torpedo'', the Aden Gulf torpedo is distinguished from all other members of the subgenus by its uniform dorsal coloration.<ref name="carvalho 2002">{{cite journal| last = de Carvalho, Marcelo R., Stehmann, M., and Manilo, L. | title = Torpedo adenensis, a New Species of Electric Ray from the Gulf of Aden, with Comments on Nominal Species of Torpedo from the Western Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea, and Adjacent Areas (Chondrichthyes: Torpediniformes: Torpedinidae) | journal = American Museum Novitates| volume = 3369 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–34 | date = 2002 | url = http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2002)369%3C0001%3ATAANSO%3E2.0.CO%3B2 | accessdate = 2008-10-09}}</ref>
| excretion =
| pregnancy_AU =
| pregnancy_US =
| pregnancy_category=
| legal_AU =
| legal_CA =
| legal_UK =
| legal_US =
| legal_status =
| routes_of_administration = injection only
}}


'''Stamulumab''' (MYO-029<ref name="Wyeth Pipeline">[http://www.wyeth.com/research/pipeline Wyeth Product Pipeline], [[Wyeth]], Website accessed April 22, 2007</ref>) is an experimental [[myostatin]] inhibiting drug developed by [[Wyeth|Wyeth Pharmaceuticals]] for the treatment of [[muscular dystrophy]]. MYO-029 was formulated and tested by Wyeth in [[Collegeville, Pennsylvania]].<ref name="NCT00104078">[[NIH]]'s [[ClinicalTrials.gov]], [http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00104078?order=6 Study Evaluating MYO-029 in Adult Muscular Dystrophy], record last updated January 24, 2007</ref> [[Myostatin]] is a [[protein]] that inhibits the growth of muscle tissue, MYO-029 is a [[recombinant]] human [[antibody]] designed to bind to and inhibit the activity of myostatin.<ref>medicalnewstoday.com, [http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/medicalnews.php?newsid=20441 Wyeth Initiates Clinical Trial with Investigational Muscular Dystrophy Therapy MYO-029], Article Date: 28 Feb 2005 - 7:00 PDT</ref>
==Distribution==
The Aden Gulf torpedo has been collected from three distinct but adjacent locations in the eastern Gulf of Aden, close to the coast of [[Yemen]], at depths ranging from 26 to 140 meters.<ref name="iucn"/>


Stamulumab is a [[G1 phase|G1]] [[immunoglobulin]] antibody which binds to myostatin and prevents it from binding to its target site, thus inhibiting the growth-limiting action of myostatin on muscle tissue. Research completed in [[2002]] found that Stamulumab might one day prove to be an effective treatment for [[Duchenne muscular dystrophy]]<ref name="MDA 112702">[http://www.mdausa.org/news/021127micedmd.html Blocking Myostatin Proves Beneficial in Mice with DMD], MDA Research News, 11/27/2002</ref>
==Description==
The Aden Gulf torpedo has a large, rounded [[pectoral fin]] disc, wider than it is long, only slightly overlapping the origin of the [[pelvic fin]]s. The eyes are relatively small and placed close to the large [[spiracle]]s. There are two dorsal fins, which are smaller, less rounded, and less slanted in the female. The pelvic fins are long and narrow, while the tail is short and stout. The paired, large electric organs are visible from beneath. The closest relative of the Aden Gulf torpedo is the [[leopard torpedo]] (''T. panthera''), with which it shares an [[integument]]al flap in the [[clasper]] [[glans]] region.<ref name="carvalho 2002"/>


==Phase 1 and 2 Trials==
Unlike related species in the subgenus ''Torpedo'', which have ornate dorsal coloration, the Aden Gulf torpedo is a uniform reddish, orange, or rusty brown above without any distinctive spots, blotches, or reticulations. The underside is creamy white, with dark edges on the pectoral and pelvic fins.<ref name="carvalho 2002"/> Adults of both sexes range from 28-39.5 cm in length.<ref name="iucn"/>
*Wyeth undertook a Phase 1 and 2 [[clinical trial]] in 2005 and 2006 of MY0-029. The multiple ascending dose trial (36 patients per [[cohort study|cohort]]) contained some measures of efficacy. The trial's participants included people afflicted with [[Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy]], [[Becker's muscular dystrophy]], and [[Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy]]. Through 2007 Wyeth has been analyzing the results but the hoped-for news and/or a publication in 2007 did not occur. <ref name="NCT00104078"/><ref name="being analyzed">[http://www.mda.org/research/061204myo_029_nov06.html Wyeth Analyzing MYO-029 Results], [[Muscular Dystrophy Association]] announcement, December 4, 2006</ref><ref name="FSHWatch 2007">[http://www.fshsociety.org/fsh/FSHSociety_FSHWatchNewsletterSummer2007.pdf FSH Watch Newsletter], pg 11, [[FSH Society]], Summer 2007</ref>. However, as of January 24, 2008, the study has been accepted by a peer-reviewed journal and publication is expected "in the next few months"<ref name="Wiredsciencejan08">[http://blog.wired.com/wiredscience/2008/01/pharma-company.html Pharma Company Responds to WiSci on Muscle-Building Drug], Wired Science, Alexis Madrigal, January 24, 2008, 2008, 4:26:27 PM</ref>


==Biology==
==Related==
* [[ACVR2B]] is similar to Stamulumab but is not an antibody; rather, it provides a portion of the molecule to which myostatin would normally bind thus preventing the myostatin from binding with the actual molecule<ref name="MDA 010606">[http://www.mdausa.org/research/060106myostatin_blocker.html New Myostatin Blocker Makes Mouse Muscles 60 Percent Larger], [[Muscular Dystrophy Association|MDA]] Research News, January 6, 2006</ref>.
The torpedinid electric rays are capable of delivering a substantial electric shock to incapacitate prey. Reproduction is [[ovoviviparous]].<ref name="fishbase"/>

==Conservation==
Due to its sluggish, [[benthic]] nature, the Aden Gulf torpedo and other electric rays are threatened by [[trawling]], which cause losses through [[by-catch]]. The [[IUCN]] states that the Aden Gulf torpedo may be at risk from extensive commercial [[shrimp]] trawling fisheries operating in its range, particularly in light of its possibly limited distribution. However, there is yet insufficient information on the population status and distribution of this species.<ref name="iucn"/>


==References==
==References==
<references/>
{{reflist}}


{{monoclonal-antibody-stub}}

{{Humanmonoclonals}}


{{Muscular Dystrophy}}
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[[Category:Fish of Asia]]
[[Category:Torpedo]]


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[[Category:Monoclonal antibodies]]
[[pt:Torpedo adenensis]]

Revision as of 06:24, 12 October 2008

Stamulumab
Monoclonal antibody
Type?
SourceHuman
Clinical data
Routes of
administration		injection only
Identifiers
CAS Number
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC6330H9748N1672O1668S48
Molar mass137500.53 g·mol−1

Stamulumab (MYO-029[1]) is an experimental myostatin inhibiting drug developed by Wyeth Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of muscular dystrophy. MYO-029 was formulated and tested by Wyeth in Collegeville, Pennsylvania.[2] Myostatin is a protein that inhibits the growth of muscle tissue, MYO-029 is a recombinant human antibody designed to bind to and inhibit the activity of myostatin.[3]

Stamulumab is a G1 immunoglobulin antibody which binds to myostatin and prevents it from binding to its target site, thus inhibiting the growth-limiting action of myostatin on muscle tissue. Research completed in 2002 found that Stamulumab might one day prove to be an effective treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy[4]

Phase 1 and 2 Trials

Related

  • ACVR2B is similar to Stamulumab but is not an antibody; rather, it provides a portion of the molecule to which myostatin would normally bind thus preventing the myostatin from binding with the actual molecule[8].

References

  1. ^ Wyeth Product Pipeline, Wyeth, Website accessed April 22, 2007
  2. ^ a b NIH's ClinicalTrials.gov, Study Evaluating MYO-029 in Adult Muscular Dystrophy, record last updated January 24, 2007
  3. ^ medicalnewstoday.com, Wyeth Initiates Clinical Trial with Investigational Muscular Dystrophy Therapy MYO-029, Article Date: 28 Feb 2005 - 7:00 PDT
  4. ^ Blocking Myostatin Proves Beneficial in Mice with DMD, MDA Research News, 11/27/2002
  5. ^ Wyeth Analyzing MYO-029 Results, Muscular Dystrophy Association announcement, December 4, 2006
  6. ^ FSH Watch Newsletter, pg 11, FSH Society, Summer 2007
  7. ^ Pharma Company Responds to WiSci on Muscle-Building Drug, Wired Science, Alexis Madrigal, January 24, 2008, 2008, 4:26:27 PM
  8. ^ New Myostatin Blocker Makes Mouse Muscles 60 Percent Larger, MDA Research News, January 6, 2006


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