Outline of France and Talk:Ginkgo: Difference between pages

Add links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Difference between pages)
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
m Spell eigth => eighth
 
SineBot (talk | contribs)
Bots
2,546,196 edits
m Signing comment by 69.3.11.60 - "Add that Ginko protected rats from 50%-65% of stroke damage =="
 
Line 1: Line 1:
{{WikiProject Palaeontology|class=Stub|importance=|auto=yes}}
[[Image:Location France EU Europe.png|300px|right|thumb|Location of [[Metropolitan France]]]]
{{WikiProject Plants|class=stub|importance=mid}}


== Addition of link ==
'''[[France]]''', officially the '''French Republic''' ([[French language|French]]: République française), is a [[country]] whose [[Metropolitan France|metropolitan territory]] is located in [[Western Europe]] but that also comprises various [[Overseas departments and territories of France|overseas territories]] around the world. [[Metropolitan France]] extends from the [[Mediterranean Sea]] to the [[English Channel]], and from the [[Rhine]] and [[Alpes]] to the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. French people often refer to Metropolitan France as ''L’Hexagone'' (The “[[Hexagon]]”) because of the geometric shape of its territory.


[[User talk:Geeki]] has suggested adding a link to [http://www.xs4all.nl/~kwanten/fossils.htm] to the [[Ginkgo]] page. While the page isn't advertising in my view it does not contribute something beyond what should be included in the article should it reach a hypothetical [[WP:FA]] status. I'd suggest we see what information can be referenced from this source (or from the sources listed on the page) rather than including it here as a link. [[User:MidgleyDJ|MidgleyDJ]] ([[User talk:MidgleyDJ|talk]]) 20:01, 25 June 2008 (UTC)
The following topic outline is provided as an overview of and introduction to France:
:Agreed. The site in question is an excellent resource. However, its inclusion here would likely trigger addition of other links claiming notability, significantly increasing the workload of those looking after this page in trying to sort out which links are indeed notable and credible resources.[[User:Malljaja|Malljaja]] ([[User talk:Malljaja|talk]]) 02:47, 26 June 2008 (UTC)
[[Image:Outre-mer en sans Terre Adelie.png|300px|right|thumb|Territory of the [[France|French Republic]]]]
Hello,
{{portal|France}}
In your opinion readers of this article are not entitled to read more about the subject, view many fossil pictures and get also much more info about Ginkgo than stated in this brief article that is by the way largely based on this same Ginkgo fossil page.
{{double image|right|Flag of France.svg|260|Armoiries république française.svg|150|[[Flag of France]]|[[National emblem of France]]}}
Also links are not needed in your opinion, so go ahead and remove all links from all articles in Wikipedia... People are not stupid you know. I think this shows the great failure of Wikipedia, undo is not always based on knowledge. [[User:Geeki|Geeki]] ([[User talk:Geeki|talk]]) 09:01, 26 June 2008 (UTC)
__TOC__


* [[International Phonetic Alphabet|Pronunciation]]:
* [[International rankings of France]]


Hello Geeki, I understand your misgivings about the issue of removing this site from the links list. However, as you can tell from the prompt removals of your added link by several editors, the consensus about this is not to include this page as per [[Wikipedia:EL]]. The main reason for this, as stated by [[User:MidgleyDJ|MidgleyDJ]], is that the information contained on this site and relevant to this entry should ideally be integrated into this entry (with proper references, not merely by referring to this site). Please do not regard the actions of other editors that have reversed your changes as merely aimed at antagonizing you, but consider their arguments carefully. Thanks. [[User:Malljaja|Malljaja]] ([[User talk:Malljaja|talk]]) 13:25, 26 June 2008 (UTC)
== Geography of France ==
[[Image:France-Constituent-Lands.png|thumb|300px]]
[[Image:Satellite image of France in August 2002.jpg|thumb|300px|Satellite photograph of France]]
{{Main|Geography of France}}


Wikipedia was a great concept. But so was the Roman Empire.
* France is: a [[country]]
[[User:Geeki|Geeki]] ([[User talk:Geeki|talk]]) 14:33, 26 June 2008 (UTC)
* Location:
** [[Northern Hemisphere]], on the [[Prime Meridian]]
*** [[Eurasia]]
**** [[Europe]]
***** [[Western Europe]]
***** [[Southern Europe]] (see [[Southern France]])
** [[Extreme points of France]]
* [[Population of France]]: 64,473,140 people (2008 [[estimate]]) - [[List of countries by population|20th most populous country]]
* [[Area of France]]: {{unit sqkm|674843|0|lk=on}} - [[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|40th largest country]]
* [[:commons:Atlas of France|Atlas of France]]
* [[List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants (1999 census)|Communes (municipalities) of France]]


=== Environment of France ===
{{main|Environment of France}}


== Ginko protected rats from 50%-65% of stroke damage ==
* [[Climate of France]]
* [[Ecology of France]]
** [[List of ecoregions in France|Ecoregions in France]]
** [[Renewable energy in France]]
* [[Geology of France]]
* [[List of national parks of France|National parks of France]]
* [[Protected areas of France]]
* [[Wildlife of France]]
** [[Flora of France]]
** [[Fauna of France]]
*** [[List of birds of France|Birds of France]]
*** [[List of mammals of France|Mammals of France]]


Suggest to add:
==== Geographic features of France ====
[[Image:Seine2J-wiki.jpg|thumb|300px|The Seine as seen from the [[Pont Royal]]]]
{{main|List of landforms of France|l1=Landforms of France}}
* [[Fjords of France]]
* [[Glaciers of France]]
* [[List of islands of France|Islands of France]]
* [[List of lakes in France|Lakes of France]]
* [[List of mountains of France|Mountains of France]]
** [[List of volcanoes in France|Volcanoes in France]]
* [[List of rivers of France|Rivers of France]]
** [[List of waterfalls of France|Waterfalls of France]]
* [[List of valleys of France|Valleys of France]]
* [[List of World Heritage Sites in Europe#France|World Heritage Sites in France]] ''(See also [[List of World Heritage Sites in Europe#Transboundary sites|Transboundary sites]])''


=== Regions of France ===
: ''"[[Regions of France|Region]]" is also the name of France's main type of political division''


[SUBHEAD] Post-stroke brain damage mitigation
* [[Metropolitan France]] (in [[Western Europe]])
In a study publishProxy-Connection: keep-alive
* [[Overseas departments and territories of France]]
Cache-Control: max-age=0


in Stroke on October 9, 2008, the researchers found that rats pre-treated with daily ginko biloba doses had only 50% of the post-stroke damage of untreated rats. Further, rats not previously treated but treated with ginkgo biloba within 5 minutes of the surgically-induced stroke had 65% less stroke damage. PMID 18845796<ref>Sofiyan Saleem PhD; Hean Zhuang MD; Shyam Biswal PhD; Yves Christen PhD; and Sylvain Doré PhD
==== Administrative divisions of France ====
'''Ginkgo Biloba Extract Neuroprotective Action Is Dependent on Heme Oxygenase 1 in Ischemic Reperfusion Brain Injury'''
: ''Main article: [[Administrative divisions of France]] and [[Regions of France]]''
'''Stroke''' October 2008


http://stroke.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/STROKEAHA.108.523480v1
* [[Regions of France]]
** [[Departments of France]]
*** [[Municipalities of France]] ("Communes")


Published Online on October 9, 2008
===== Regions of France (Administrative) =====
{{main|Regions of France}}


Published online before print October 9, 2008, doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.523480 </ref> <span style="font-size: smaller;" class="autosigned">—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/69.3.11.60|69.3.11.60]] ([[User talk:69.3.11.60|talk]]) 02:41, 12 October 2008 (UTC)</span><!-- Template:UnsignedIP --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->
France is divided into 22 administrative [[Regions of France|Regions]]:

{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
01. [[Alsace]]<br>
02. [[Aquitaine]]<br>
03. [[Auvergne (region)|Auvergne]]<br>
04. [[Basse-Normandie]]<br>
05. [[Bourgogne]]<br>
06. [[Bretagne]]<br>
07. [[Centre (region)|Centre]]<br>
08. [[Champagne-Ardenne]]<br>
09. [[Corse]] (special status)<br>
10. [[Franche-Comté]]<br>
11. [[Haute-Normandie]]
{{col-2}}
[[Image:FranceRegionsNumbered.png|500px|right|thumb|[[Regions of France]]]]
12. [[Île-de-France (region)|Île-de-France]]<br>
13. [[Languedoc-Roussillon]]<br>
14. [[Limousin (region)|Limousin]]<br>
15. [[Lorraine (region)|Lorraine]]<br>
16. [[Midi-Pyrénées]]<br>
17. [[Nord-Pas de Calais]]<br>
18. [[Pays de la Loire]]<br>
19. [[Picardie]]<br>
20. [[Poitou-Charentes]]<br>
21. [[Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur]]<br>
22. [[Rhône-Alpes]]
{{col-end}}

===== Departments of France =====
{{main|Departments of France}}

French [[Department (administrative division)|department]]s are roughly analogous to English [[county|counties]].

<center>[[Image:Départements de France English.svg|Departments and Regions of France]]

{| class="wikitable"
! scope="col" | [[INSEE code]]
! scope="col" | [[Coat of arms|Arms]]
! scope="col" | Department
! scope="col" | Prefecture
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 01
| [[Image:Blason département fr Ain.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 01]]
| [[Ain]]
| [[Bourg-en-Bresse]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 02
| [[Image:Blason département fr Aisne.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 02]]
| [[Aisne]]
| [[Laon]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 03
| [[Image:Blason dpt fr Allier.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 03]]
| [[Allier]]
| [[Moulins, Allier|Moulins]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 04
| [[Image:Blason departement Alpes-de-Haute-Provence.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 04]]
| [[Alpes-de-Haute-Provence]]
| [[Digne-les-Bains]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 05
| [[Image:Blason dpt fr HautesAlpes.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 05]]
| [[Hautes-Alpes]]
| [[Gap, Hautes-Alpes|Gap]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 06
| [[Image:Nice Arms.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 06]]
| [[Alpes-Maritimes]]
| [[Nice]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 07
| [[Image:Blason dpt fr Ardeche.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 07]]
| [[Ardèche]]
| [[Privas]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 08
| [[Image:Blason département fr Ardennes.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 08]]
| [[Ardennes (department)|Ardennes]]
| [[Charleville-Mézières]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 09
| [[Image:Blason dpt fr Ariège.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 09]]
| [[Ariège]]
| [[Foix]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 10
| [[Image:Blason département fr Aube.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 10]]
| [[Aube]]
| [[Troyes]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 11
| [[Image:Blason dpt fr Aude.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 11]]
| [[Aude]]
| [[Carcassonne]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 12
| [[Image:Blason Rouergue.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 12]]
| [[Aveyron]]
| [[Rodez]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 13
| [[Image:Blason departement Bouches-du-Rhone.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 13]]
| [[Bouches-du-Rhône]]
| [[Marseille]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 14
| [[Image:Blason département fr Calvados.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 14]]
| [[Calvados]]
| [[Caen]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 15
| [[Image:Blason dpt fr Cantal.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 15]]
| [[Cantal]]
| [[Aurillac]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 16
| [[Image:Blason département fr Charente.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 16]]
| [[Charente]]
| [[Angoulême]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 17
| [[Image:Blason département fr Charente-Maritime.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 17]]
| [[Charente-Maritime]]
| [[La Rochelle]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 18
| [[Image:Blason dpt fr Cher.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 18]]
| [[Cher (department)|Cher]]
| [[Bourges]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 19
| [[Image:Blason département fr Corrèze.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 19]]
| [[Corrèze]]
| [[Tulle]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 2A
| [[Image:Blason20.PNG|22x20px|Coat of arms of Corsica]]
| [[Corse-du-Sud]]
| [[Ajaccio]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 2B
| [[Image:Blason20.PNG|22x20px|Coat of arms of Corsica]]
| [[Haute-Corse]]
| [[Bastia]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 21
| [[Image:Blason département fr Côte-d'Or.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 21]]
| [[Côte-d'Or]]
| [[Dijon]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 22
| [[Image:Blason 22.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 22]]
| [[Côtes-d'Armor]]
| [[Saint-Brieuc]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 23
| [[Image:Blason Boubon-La Marche.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 23]]
| [[Creuse]]
| [[Guéret]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 24
| [[Image:Blason Dordogne 1.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 24]]
| [[Dordogne]]
| [[Périgueux]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 25
| [[Image:Blason département fr Doubs.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 25]]
| [[Doubs (department)|Doubs]]
| [[Besançon]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 26
| [[Image:Blason departement Drome.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 26]]
| [[Drôme]]
| [[Valence, Drôme|Valence]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 27
| [[Image:Blason département fr Eure.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 27]]
| [[Eure]]
| [[Évreux]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 28
| [[Image:Blason département fr Eure-et-Loir.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 28]]
| [[Eure-et-Loir]]
| [[Chartres]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 29
| [[Image:Blason29.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 29]]
| [[Finistère]]
| [[Quimper, Finistère|Quimper]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 30
| [[Image:Blason département fr Gard.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 30]]
| [[Gard]]
| [[Nîmes]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 31
| [[Image:Blason département fr Haute-Garonne.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 31]]
| [[Haute-Garonne]]
| [[Toulouse]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 32
| [[Image:Blason dpt fr Gers.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 32]]
| [[Gers]]
| [[Auch]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 33
| [[Image:Blason département fr Gironde.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 33]]
| [[Gironde]]
| [[Bordeaux]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 34
| [[Image:Blason dpt fr Herault.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 34]]
| [[Hérault]]
| [[Montpellier]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 35
| [[Image:Blason departement Ille-et-Vilaine.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 35]]
| [[Ille-et-Vilaine]]
| [[Rennes]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 36
| [[Image:Blason dpt fr Indre.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 36]]
| [[Indre]]
| [[Châteauroux]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 37
| [[Image:Blason dpt fr IndreLoire.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 37]]
| [[Indre-et-Loire]]
| [[Tours]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 38
| [[Image:Blason departement Isere.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 38]]
| [[Isère]]
| [[Grenoble]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 39
| [[Image:Blason département fr Jura.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 39]]
| [[Jura (department)|Jura]]
| [[Lons-le-Saunier]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 40
| [[Image:Blason dpt fr Landes.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 40]]
| [[Landes (department)|Landes]]
| [[Mont-de-Marsan]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 41
| [[Image:Blason département fr Loir-et-Cher.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 41]]
| [[Loir-et-Cher]]
| [[Blois]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 42
| [[Image:Blason departement Loire.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 42]]
| [[Loire]]
| [[Saint-Étienne]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 43
| [[Image:Blason dpt fr Haute-Loire.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 43]]
| [[Haute-Loire]]
| [[Le Puy-en-Velay]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 44
|
| [[Loire-Atlantique]]
| [[Nantes]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 45
| [[Image:Blason département fr Loiret.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 45]]
| [[Loiret]]
| [[Orléans]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 46
| [[Image:Blason département fr Lot.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 46]]
| [[Lot (department)|Lot]]
| [[Cahors]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 47
| [[Image:Blason département fr Lot-et-Garonne.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 47]]
| [[Lot-et-Garonne]]
| [[Agen]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 48
| [[Image:Blason département fr Lozère.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 48]]
| [[Lozère]]
| [[Mende, Lozère|Mende]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 49
| [[Image:Blason departement Maine-et-Loire.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 49]]
| [[Maine-et-Loire]]
| [[Angers]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 50
| [[Image:Blason département fr Manche.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 50]]
| [[Manche]]
| [[Saint-Lô]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 51
| [[Image:Blason departement Marne.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 51]]
| [[Marne]]
| [[Châlons-en-Champagne]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 52
| [[Image:Blason52.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 52]]
| [[Haute-Marne]]
| [[Chaumont, Haute-Marne|Chaumont]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 53
| [[Image:Blason département fr Mayenne.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 53]]
| [[Mayenne]]
| [[Laval, Mayenne|Laval]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 54
| [[Image:Blason 54.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 54]]
| [[Meurthe-et-Moselle]]
| [[Nancy]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 55
| [[Image:Blason Meuse.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 55]]
| [[Meuse]]
| [[Bar-le-Duc]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 56
| [[Image:Blason departement Morbihan.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 56]]
| [[Morbihan]]
| [[Vannes]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 57
| [[Image:Blason Moselle.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 57]]
| [[Moselle]]
| [[Metz]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 58
| [[Image:Blason dpt fr Nievre.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 58]]
| [[Nièvre]]
| [[Nevers]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 59
| [[Image:Blason Nord-Pas-De-Calais.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 59]]
| [[Nord (department)|Nord]]
| [[Lille]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 60
| [[Image:Blason département fr Oise.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 60]]
| [[Oise]]
| [[Beauvais]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 61
| [[Image:Blason département fr Orne.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 61]]
| [[Orne]]
| [[Alençon]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 62
| [[Image:Pas de Calais Arms.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 62]]
| [[Pas-de-Calais]]
| [[Arras]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 63
| [[Image:Blason dpt fr Puy-de-Dome.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 63]]
| [[Puy-de-Dôme]]
| [[Clermont-Ferrand]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 64
| [[Image:Blason des Pyrénées-Atlantiques.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 64]]
| [[Pyrénées-Atlantiques]]
| [[Pau, France|Pau]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 65
| [[Image:Blason dpt fr HautesPyrenees.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 65]]
| [[Hautes-Pyrénées]]
| [[Tarbes]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 66
| [[Image:Blason 66.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 66]]
| [[Pyrénées-Orientales]]
| [[Perpignan]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 67
| [[Image:Blason Bas Rhin.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 67]]
| [[Bas-Rhin]]
| [[Strasbourg]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 68
| [[Image:Blason Haut Rhin.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 68]]
| [[Haut-Rhin]]
| [[Colmar]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 69
| [[Image:Blason dpt fr Rhone.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 69]]
| [[Rhône (department)|Rhône]]
| [[Lyon]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 70
| [[Image:Blason dpt fr Haute-Saone.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 70]]
| [[Haute-Saône]]
| [[Vesoul]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 71
| [[Image:Blason département fr Saône-et-Loire.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 71]]
| [[Saône-et-Loire]]
| [[Mâcon]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 72
| [[Image:Blason dpt fr Sarthe.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 72]]
| [[Sarthe]]
| [[Le Mans]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 73
| [[Image:Armoiries Savoie 1180.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 73]]
| [[Savoie]]
| [[Chambéry]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 74
| [[Image:Armoiries Savoie 1180.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 74]]
| [[Haute-Savoie]]
| [[Annecy]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 75
| [[Image:Blason paris 75.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 75]]
| [[Paris]]¹
| [[Paris]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 76
| [[Image:Blason76.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 76]]
| [[Seine-Maritime]]
| [[Rouen]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 77
| [[Image:Blason département fr Seine-et-Marne.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 77]]
| [[Seine-et-Marne]]
| [[Melun]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 78
| [[Image:Blason département fr Yvelines.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 78]]
| [[Yvelines]]²
| [[Versailles]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 79
| [[Image:Blason département fr Deux-Sèvres.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 79]]
| [[Deux-Sèvres]]
| [[Niort]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 80
| [[Image:Blason département fr Somme.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 80]]
| [[Somme]]
| [[Amiens]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 81
| [[Image:Blason dpt fr Tarn.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 81]]
| [[Tarn, France|Tarn]]
| [[Albi]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 82
| [[Image:Blason département fr Tarn-et-Garonne.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 82]]
| [[Tarn-et-Garonne]]
| [[Montauban]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 83
| [[Image:Blason departement Var.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 83]]
| [[Var (department)|Var]]
| [[Toulon]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 84
| [[Image:Blason département fr Vaucluse.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 84]]
| [[Vaucluse]]
| [[Avignon]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 85
| [[Image:Blason dpt fr 85 Vendée.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 85]]
| [[Vendée]]
| [[La Roche-sur-Yon]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 86
| [[Image:Blason département fr Vienne.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 86]]
| [[Vienne]]
| [[Poitiers]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 87
| [[Image:Blason departement Haute-Vienne.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 87]]
| [[Haute-Vienne]]
| [[Limoges]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 88
| [[Image:Blason Vosges.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 88]]
| [[Vosges]]
| [[Épinal]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 89
| [[Image:Blason département fr Yonne.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 89]]
| [[Yonne]]
| [[Auxerre]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 90
| [[Image:Blason département fr Territoire de Belfort.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 90]]
| [[Territoire de Belfort]]
| [[Belfort]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 91
| [[Image:Blason département fr Essonne.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 91]]
| [[Essonne]]³
| [[Évry, Essonne|Évry]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 92
| [[Image:Blason département fr Hauts-de-Seine.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 92]]
| [[Hauts-de-Seine]]<sup><small>4</small></sup>
| [[Nanterre]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 93
| [[Image:Blason département fr Seine-Saint-Denis.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 93]]
| [[Seine-Saint-Denis]]<sup><small>5</small></sup>
| [[Bobigny]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 94
| [[Image:Blason département fr Val-de-Marne.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 94]]
| [[Val-de-Marne]]
| [[Créteil]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 95
| [[Image:Blason département fr Val-d'Oise.svg|22x20px|Coat of arms of département 95]]
| [[Val-d'Oise]]
| [[Cergy]]/[[Pontoise]]<sup><small>6</small></sup>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 971
|
| [[Guadeloupe]]<sup><small>7</small></sup>
| [[Basse-Terre]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 972
| [[Image:Flag of Martinique.svg|22x20px|border|Flag of Martinique]]
| [[Martinique]]<sup><small>7</small></sup>
| [[Fort-de-France]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 973
| [[Image:GuyaneFlag.jpg|22x20px|border|Flag of French Guiana]]
| [[French Guiana|Guyane]]<sup><small>7</small></sup>
| [[Cayenne]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 974
| <!-- Image with inadequate rationale removed: [[Image:ReunionFlag.gif|22x20px|border|Flag of Réunion]] -->
| [[Réunion|La Réunion]]<sup><small>7</small></sup>
| [[Saint-Denis, Réunion|Saint-Denis]]
|}</center>
[[Image:Panorama Paris December 2007.jpg|300px|thumb|The [[Eiffel Tower]], with the skyline of
[[Paris]] in the background]]
===== Municipalities of France =====
{{main|Communes of France}}

* [[Capital]] of France: [[Capital of France|Paris]] - also the largest city in France, with over 2,000,000 inhabitants
* [[Strasbourg]] - [[Seat of the European Parliament in Strasbourg|official seat of the European Parliament]]
* [[Lyon]] - silk capital of the world and the location of the headquarters of [[Interpol]] and [[Euronews]]
* [[Marseille]] - France's largest commercial [[port]]
* [[List of cities in France|Cities of France]]

=== Demography of France ===
: ''Main article: [[Demographics of France]]''

=== Neighbors of France ===
[[Image:France-CIA WFB Map.png|thumb|300px|Map showing France and its neigbors]]
[[Metropolitan France]] is bordered by:
* [[Belgium]]
* [[Luxembourg]]
* [[Germany]]
* [[Switzerland]]
* [[Italy]]
* [[Monaco]]
* [[Andorra]]
* [[Spain]]

France is also linked to:
* [[United Kingdom]] (by the [[Channel Tunnel]], which passes underneath the [[English Channel]])

France's [[overseas departments]] share borders with:
* [[Brazil]] (borders [[French Guiana]])
* [[Suriname]] (borders [[French Guiana]])
* [[Netherlands Antilles]] (borders [[Saint-Martin]])

== Government and politics of France ==
: ''Main article: [[Government of France]] and [[Politics of France]]''

* [[Form of government]]: [[unitary state|Unitary]] [[semi-presidential system|semi-presidential]] [[republic]]
* [[Capital]] of France: [[Capital of France|Paris]]

* [[Constitutional Council of France]]

* [[Elections in France]]
** [[Elections in France|French presidential elections]]: &nbsp; [[French presidential election, 1848|1848]] - [[French presidential election, 1958|1958]] - [[French presidential election, 1965|1965]] - [[French presidential election, 1969|1969]] - [[French presidential election, 1974|1974]] - [[French presidential election, 1981|1981]] - [[French presidential election, 1988|1988]] - [[French presidential election, 1995|1995]] - [[French presidential election, 2002|2002]] - [[French presidential election, 2007|2007]]
** [[Elections in France|French parliamentary elections]]: &nbsp; [[French Directory election, 1795|1795]] - [[French Directory election, 1798|1798]] - [[French legislative election, 1815|1815]] - [[French legislative election, 1816|1816]] - [[French legislative election, 1820|1820]] - [[French legislative election, 1824|1824]] - [[French legislative election, 1827|1827]] - [[French legislative election, 1830|1830]] - [[French legislative election, 1831|1831]] - [[French legislative election, 1834|1834]] - [[French legislative election, 1837|1837]] - [[French legislative election, 1839|1839]] - [[French legislative election, 1842|1842]] - [[French legislative election, 1846|1846]] - [[French Constituent Assembly election, 1848|1848]] - [[French legislative election, 1849|1849]] - [[French legislative election, 1852|1852]] - [[French legislative election, 1857|1857]] - [[French legislative election, 1863|1863]] - [[French legislative election, 1869|1869]] - [[French legislative election, February 1871|1871 (Feb)]] - [[French legislative election, July 1871|1871 (Jul)]] - [[French legislative election, 1876|1876]] - [[French legislative election, 1877|1877]] - [[French legislative election, 1881|1881]] - [[French legislative election, 1885|1885]] - [[French legislative election, 1889|1889]] - [[French legislative election, 1893|1893]] - [[French legislative election, 1898|1898]] - [[French legislative election, 1902|1902]] - [[French legislative election, 1906|1906]] - [[French legislative election, 1910|1910]] - [[French legislative election, 1914|1914]] - [[French legislative election, 1919|1919]] - [[French legislative election, 1924|1924]] - [[French legislative election, 1928|1928]] - [[French legislative election, 1932|1932]] - [[French legislative election, 1936|1936]] - [[French legislative election, 1945|1945]] - [[French legislative election, June 1946|1946 (Jun)]] - [[French legislative election, November 1946|1946 (Nov)]] - [[French legislative election, 1951|1951]] - [[French legislative election, 1956|1956]] - [[French legislative election, 1958|1958]] - [[French legislative election, 1962|1962]] - [[French legislative election, 1967|1967]] - [[French legislative election, 1968|1968]] - [[French legislative election, 1973|1973]] - [[French legislative election, 1978|1978]] - [[French legislative election, 1981|1981]] - [[French legislative election, 1986|1986]] - [[French legislative election, 1988|1988]] - [[French legislative election, 1993|1993]] - [[French legislative election, 1997|1997]] - [[French legislative election, 2002|2002]] - [[French legislative election, 2007|2007]]
** French referendums: &nbsp; [[French constitutional referendum, 1793|1793]] - [[French constitutional referendum, 1795|1795]] - [[French constitutional referendum, 1800|1800]] - [[French constitutional referendum, 1802|1802]] - [[French constitutional referendum, 1804|1804]] - [[French constitutional referendum, 1815|1815]] - [[French constitutional referendum, 1851|1851]] - [[French Second Empire referendum, 1852|1852]] - [[French constitutional referendum, 1870|1870]] - [[French constitutional referendum, 1945|1945]] - [[French constitutional referendum, May 1946|1946 (May)]] - [[French constitutional referendum, October 1946|1946 (Oct)]] - [[French constitutional referendum, 1958|1958]] - [[French referendum on Algerian self-determination, 1961|1961]] - [[French Évian Accords referendum, 1962|1962 (Jun)]] - [[French presidential election referendum, 1962|1962 (Oct)]] - [[French constitutional referendum, 1969|1969]] - [[French European Economic Community enlargement referendum, 1972|1972]] - [[French Matignon Accords referendum, 1988|1988]] - [[French Maastricht Treaty referendum, 1992|1992]] - [[French constitutional referendum, 2000|2000]] - [[French European Constitution referendum, 2005|2005]]
* [[Foreign relations of France]]
* [[Human rights in France]]
* [[List of political parties in France|Political parties in France]]
* [[French political scandals|Political scandals of France]]
* [[Taxation in France]]

=== Branches of the government of France ===
{{main|Government of France}}

==== Executive branch ====
[[Image:Sarkozy-san.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Nicolas Sarkozy]], current [[President of France]]]]
[[Image:Francois fillon1.jpg|250px|thumb|[[François Fillon]] is the current Prime Minister of France.]]
* [[Head of state]]: [[President of the French Republic]]
* [[French government ministers|''Le Gouvernement'' (Cabinet of ministers)]]
** [[Head of government]]: [[Prime Minister of France]]
** [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (France)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]]
** [[Minister of the Interior (France)|Minister of the Interior]]
** [[Minister of Overseas France]]
** [[Minister of the Environment (France)|Minister of the Environment]]
** [[Minister of Transportation (France)|Minister of Transportation]]
** [[Minister of Public Works (France)|Minister of Public Works]]
** [[Minister of the Economy, Finance and Industry (France)|Minister of the Economy, Finance and Industry]]
** [[Minister of Defence (France)|Minister of Defence]]
** [[Minister of Justice (France)|Minister of Justice]]
** [[Minister of National Education (France)|Minister of National Education]]
** [[Minister of Higher Education and Research (France)|Minister of Higher Education and Research]]
** [[Minister of Culture (France)|Minister of Culture]]
** [[Minister of Agriculture (France)|Minister of Agriculture]]
** [[Minister of Tourism (France)|Minister of Tourism]]
** [[Minister of the Sea (France)|Minister of the Sea]]
** [[Minister of Health (France)|Minister of Health]]
** [[Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports (France)|Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports]]
** [[Minister of Budget, Public Accounting and Civil Servants (France)|Minister of Budget, Public Accounting and Civil Servants]]
** [[Minister of Immigration, Integration, National identity and Co-development (France)|Minister of Immigration, Integration, National identity and Co-development]]
** [[Minister of Social Affairs (France)|Minister of Social Affairs]]
** [[Minister of Housing (France)|Minister of Housing]]

==== Legislative branch ====
* [[Parliament of France]] (''Parlement'') ''(see also: [[Congress of France]])''
** [[National Assembly of France|French National Assembly]] (''Assemblée Nationale'')
** [[Senate of France|French Senate]] (''Sénat'')
* [[French Economic and Social Council]] (consultative assembly)

==== Judicial branch ====
{{main|Justice in France}}

* [[Constitutional Council of France]]

=== Foreign relations of France ===
{{main|Foreign relations of France}}

* France is a [[List of countries with nuclear weapons|nuclear power]]

==== International organization membership ====

France is a member of:
* [[European Union]] (France is a founding member)
* [[United Nations]] (France is a founding member)
** [[United Nations Security Council]] (permanent)
* [[Francophonie]]
* [[G8]]
* [[Latin Union]]

=== Law of France ===
[[Image:Police Vigipirate dsc06483.jpg|thumb|140px|A policeman armed with a submachine gun guarding a police station in Paris]]
: ''Main article: [[Law of France]]''

* [[Constitution of France]]
* [[Crime in France]]
* [[Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen]]
* [[Law enforcement in France]]
** National law enforcement agencies
*** [[National Police (France)|National Police]] (''"Police Nationale"'')
*** [[National Gendarmerie]] (''"Gendarmerie Nationale"'')
**** [[Mobile Gendarmerie]] (''"Gendarmerie Mobile"'')
** Local law enforcement agencies
*** [[Police municipale (France)|Police municipale]] ([[Municipal police]]) - may be maintained by local governments ([[commune in France|commune]]s), but have very limited law enforcement powers outside of traffic issues and local ordinance enforcement
*** [[Garde champetre]] or ''Police Rurale'' (Rural police) - may be formed by Rural communes, and are responsible for limited local patrol and protecting the environment
*** ''Équipes régionales d’intervention et de sécurité'' (SWAT teams) - are operated by The Department of Corrections (the prison system or ''Administration pénitentiaire'')
*** In [[Wallis and Futuna]], there is a territorial guard as well as royal police.
==== Historical law ====
* [[Napoleonic code]]

=== Military of France ===
[[Image:French Armed Forces2.JPEG|thumb|300px|French Armed Forces, armed with FAMAS F1 assault rifles, await for the opening of the Memorial Day ceremony at the LaFayette Escadrille Monument in Paris, France.]]
: ''Main article: [[Military of France]]''

* Command
** [[Commander-in-chief]]:
*** [[Ministry of Defence (France)|Ministry of Defence of France]]
* French Armed Forces
** [[French Army]] ''(Armée de Terre)''
*** [[French Foreign Legion]]
*** [[Ranks in the French Army]]
** [[French Navy]] ''(Marine Nationale)''
*** [[Ranks in the French Navy]]
** [[French Air Force]] ''(Armée de l'Air)''
** [[National Gendarmerie]] ''(Gendarmerie Nationale)''
* [[Military history of France]]

== History of France ==
[[Image:Napoleon4.jpg|right|thumb|200px|''[[Napoleon Crossing the Alps]]'', by [[Jacques-Louis David]]. Portrait of [[Napoleon I of France]] (Napoleon Bonaparte).]]
: ''Main article: [[History of France]] and [[Timeline of French history]]''

France was the world's foremost [[Power in international relations|power]] from the latter half of the 17th century until the early 19th century. In the 18th and 19th centuries, France built [[French colonial empires|one of the largest colonial empires]] of the time, stretching across [[West Africa]] and [[Southeast Asia]], prominently influencing the cultures and politics of the regions.

* [[Provinces of France|Historical French provinces]]
* [[Culture of France|Cultural history of France]]
** [[French art|Art history of France]]
** [[French literature|Literary history of France]]
* [[French colonial empires|Colonial history of France]]
* [[Demographics of France]]
* [[Economic history of France]]
* Historical positions and figures
** [[List of Prime Ministers of France|Prime Ministers of France]]
** [[Constable of France]]
* [[Military history of France]]
** [[Military history of France during World War II]]

[[Image:Carcasssonne vieux pont.jpg|center|thumb|800px|Fortified city of [[Carcassonne]] and the Pont Vieux crossing the Aude river.]]

=== By period ===
{{col-begin}}
{{col-3}}
* '''Ancient history'''
** [[Prehistoric France]]
** [[Gaul|Celtic Gaul]]
** [[Roman Gaul|Roman Gaul (50 BC–486)]]
** [[Franks|The Franks]]
** &nbsp; [[Merovingian|Merovingians (481–751)]]

* '''[[France in the Middle Ages]]'''
** [[Carolingian|Carolingians (751–987)]]
** [[House of Capet|Direct Capetians (987–1328)]]
** [[House of Valois#Valois (direct)|Valois (direct) (1328–1498)]]

* '''[[Early Modern France]] (1492–1792)'''
** [[House of Valois#Valois-Orléans|Valois-Orléans (1498–1515)]]
** [[House of Valois#Valois-Angoulême|Valois-Angoulême (1515–1589)]]
** [[House of Bourbon|House of Bourbon (1589–1792)]]
** [[French Revolution|French Revolution (1789)]]
{{col-3}}
* '''[[France in the nineteenth century|France in the 19th century]]'''
** [[French First Republic|First Republic (1792–1804)]]
** [[National Convention|National Convention (1792–1795)]]
** [[French Directory|Directory (1795–1799)]]
** [[Napoleonic era]] ''([[Timeline of the Napoleonic era|timeline]])''
*** [[French Consulate|Consulate (1799–1804)]]
*** [[First French Empire|First Empire (1804–1814)]]
** [[Bourbon Restoration|Restoration (1814–1830)]]
** [[July Revolution|July Revolution (1830)]]
** [[July Monarchy|July Monarchy (1830–1848)]]
** [[Revolutions of 1848 in France|1848 Revolution]]
** [[French Second Republic|Second Republic (1848–1852)]]
** [[Second French Empire|Second Empire (1852–1870)]]
** [[French Third Republic|Third Republic (1870–1940)]]
** [[Paris Commune|Paris Commune (1871)]]
* '''[[France in the twentieth century|France in the 20th century]]'''
** [[Vichy France|Vichy France (1940–1944)]]
** [[Provisional Government of the French Republic|Provisional Government (1944–1946)]]
** [[French Fourth Republic|Fourth Republic (1946–1958)]]
** [[French Fifth Republic|Fifth Republic (1958–present)]]
{{col-3}}
[[Image:De Gaulle-OWI.jpg|180px|thumb|[[Charles de Gaulle]] was the leader (and General) of the [[Free French Forces]] during [[World War II]], he founded the [[Provisional Government of the French Republic]], was a prime minister of the [[French Fourth Republic]], and was the first president of the [[French Fifth Republic]].]]
{{col-end}}

== Culture of France ==
[[Image:Versailles Tapis vert (1).jpg|thumb|300px|[[Palace of Versailles]]]]
[[Image:Photo 417.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Eiffel tower]] on [[Bastille Day]]]]
: ''Main article: [[Culture of France]]''

* [[Architecture of France]]
** [[Basilicas in France]]
** [[Castles in France]]
** [[Cathedrals in France]]
** [[Palaces in France]]
* [[Cuisine of France]]
* [[Languages of France]]
* [[Media in France]]
* [[National symbols of France]]
** [[Coat of arms of France]]
** [[Flag of France]]
** [[National anthem of France]]
* [[Public holidays in France]]
* [[Religion in France]]
** [[Hinduism in France]]
** [[Buddhism in France]]
** [[Christianity in France]]
** [[Hinduism in France]]
** [[Islam in France]]
** [[Judaism in France]]
** [[Sikhism in France]]
* [[List of World Heritage Sites in Europe#France|World Heritage Sites in France]] ''(See also [[List of World Heritage Sites in Europe#Transboundary sites|Transboundary sites]])''

=== The Arts in France ===
[[Image:Louvre 2007 02 24 c.jpg|300px|thumb|The [[Louvre]] Museum, in Paris, is home to many of the world's greatest [[masterpiece]]s of art, including the [[Mona Lisa]].]]
* [[Art in France]]
* [[Cinema of France]]
* [[Cuisine of France]]
* [[Literature of France]]
* [[Music of France]]
* [[Television in France]]
* [[Theatre in France]]

=== Sport in France ===
[[Image:DSCN2499.JPG|300px|thumb|Tour de France 2005 : Arrival in Mulhouse from Gérardmer]]
[[Image:Daniel Ilabaca.jpg|thumb|300px|A ''traceur'' - a practitioner of [[parkour]] - performs an ''[[parkour#Basic movements|équilibre de chat]]'' (cat balance).]]
: ''Main article: [[Sport in France]]''

Sports popular in France:

* [[Association football]] (soccer)
** [[Football in France]]
* [[Basketball]]
** [[Fédération Française de Basket-Ball]]
* [[Cycling]]
** [[Tour de France]]
* [[Formula 1]]
** [[French Grand Prix|Grand Prix de France]]
* [[Golf]]
** [[Open de France]]
* [[Handball]]
* [[Olympic Games]]
** The modern [[Olympics]] were invented in France, in 1894
** [[France at the Olympics]]
* [[Pétanque]]
* [[Parkour]]
* [[Rugby football|Rugby]]
** [[Rugby union in France]]
** [[Rugby League in France]]
* [[Sailing]]
* [[Table football]]
* [[Tennis]]
** [[French Open (tennis)]]
* [[Volleyball]]

== Economy of France ==
: ''Main article: [[Economy of France]]''

France is the most visited country in the world, receiving over 79 [[million]] foreign tourists annually (including business visitors, but excluding people staying less than 24 hours in France).<ref name="tourism.stat">{{cite web |first=Directorate of Tourism |last=[[Government of France]]|publisher= |url=http://www.tourisme.gouv.fr/fr/z2/stat/tis/att00015987/TIS_2007-2.pdf|title=79 millions d’arrivées de touristes internationaux en 2006|accessdate=2007-07-31}} {{fr icon}}</ref>
{{double image|right|Euro banknotes.png|140|Euro coins version II.png|140|[[Euro banknotes]]|[[Euro coins]]}}


* Economic rank
** [[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|Nominal GDP]]: 6th (sixth)
** [[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|GDP (PPP)]]: 8th (eighth)

* [[Agriculture in France]]
* [[Communications in France]]
* [[List of companies of France|Companies of France]]
* [[Currency]] of France: the [[Euro]] (see also [[Template:Euro topics|Euro topics]])
* [[Economic history of France]]
* [[Tourism in France]]
* [[Transport in France]]

== Education in France ==
: ''Main article: [[Education in France]]''

The three stages of the education process in France:
* [[Education in France#Primary education|Primary education]] (''enseignement primaire'')
* [[Secondary education in France|Secondary education]] (''enseignement secondaire'')
** [[Secondary education in France#Collège|Collèges]] ({{pronounced|kɔˈlɛʒ}}) - cater for the first four years of secondary education from the ages of 11 to 15
** [[Secondary education in France#Lycée|Lycées]] ({{IPA|[liˈse]}}) - provide a three-year course of further secondary education for children between the ages of 15 and 18, during which pupils are prepared for the ''[[baccalauréat]]'' (commonly referred to as ''le bac'').
* Higher education (''enseignement supérieur'')
** [[List of public universities in France|Universities of France]]
** [[Grandes écoles]]

== Infrastructure of France ==
[[Image:TGV-Duplex Paris.jpg|thumb|right|300px|[[TGV]] Duplex in Paris, ''Gare de Lyon''. TVG stands for '''''t'''rain à '''g'''rande '''v'''itesse'', which is [[French language|French]] for "train of great speed"), and is the name of France's [[high-speed rail]] service.]]
* [[Communications in France]]
** [[Internet in France]]
* [[Energy in France]]
* [[Health care in France]]
* [[Transportation in France]]
** [[List of airports in France|Airports in France]]
** [[Highway system of France]]
** [[Rail transport in France]]
* [[Water supply and sanitation in France]]

== See also ==
* [[French Wikipedia]]
* [[List of basic geography topics]]
* [[List of international rankings]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{sisterlinks|France}}
{{wikiatlas|France}}
'''French government'''
* [http://www.ambafrance-uk.org/ Official site of the French Embassy in the United Kingdom]
* [http://www.service-public.fr/etranger/english.html Official site of the French public service] - Contains many links to various administrations and institutions
* [http://www.frenchculturenow.com/ Frenchculturenow.com: French society, culture, politics news]

'''Country profiles'''
* [http://www.britannica.com/tools/France France], from the ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''
* [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.html France], from the [[CIA World Factbook]]
* {{wikitravel}}
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/998481.stm France], from the [[BBC]]

'''Culture'''
* [http://cocorico.com/ Cocorico! French culture]
* [http://www.french.uiuc.edu/cfc/ ''Contemporary French Civilization''], journal, University of Illinois.

{{List resources}}
{{Lists by country}}

[[Category:Basic topic lists|France]]
[[Category:France]]
[[Category:France-related lists|Topics]]

[[id:Daftar topik dasar Perancis]]

Revision as of 02:42, 12 October 2008

WikiProject iconPalaeontology Stub‑class
WikiProject iconThis article is within the scope of WikiProject Palaeontology, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of palaeontology-related topics and create a standardized, informative, comprehensive and easy-to-use resource on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion and see a list of open tasks.PalaeontologyWikipedia:WikiProject PalaeontologyTemplate:WikiProject PalaeontologyPalaeontology articles
StubThis article has been rated as Stub-class on Wikipedia's content assessment scale.
???This article has not yet received a rating on the project's importance scale.
Note icon
This article has been automatically rated by a bot or other tool as Stub-class because it uses a stub template. Please ensure the assessment is correct before removing the |auto= parameter.
WikiProject iconPlants Stub‑class Mid‑importance
WikiProject iconThis article is within the scope of WikiProject Plants, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of plants and botany on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion and see a list of open tasks.PlantsWikipedia:WikiProject PlantsTemplate:WikiProject Plantsplant articles
StubThis article has been rated as Stub-class on Wikipedia's content assessment scale.
MidThis article has been rated as Mid-importance on the project's importance scale.

Addition of link

User talk:Geeki has suggested adding a link to [1] to the Ginkgo page. While the page isn't advertising in my view it does not contribute something beyond what should be included in the article should it reach a hypothetical WP:FA status. I'd suggest we see what information can be referenced from this source (or from the sources listed on the page) rather than including it here as a link. MidgleyDJ (talk) 20:01, 25 June 2008 (UTC)

Agreed. The site in question is an excellent resource. However, its inclusion here would likely trigger addition of other links claiming notability, significantly increasing the workload of those looking after this page in trying to sort out which links are indeed notable and credible resources.Malljaja (talk) 02:47, 26 June 2008 (UTC)

Hello, 

In your opinion readers of this article are not entitled to read more about the subject, view many fossil pictures and get also much more info about Ginkgo than stated in this brief article that is by the way largely based on this same Ginkgo fossil page.

Also links are not needed in your opinion, so go ahead and remove all links from all articles in Wikipedia... People are not stupid you know. I think this shows the great failure of Wikipedia, undo is not always based on knowledge. Geeki (talk) 09:01, 26 June 2008 (UTC)


Hello Geeki, I understand your misgivings about the issue of removing this site from the links list. However, as you can tell from the prompt removals of your added link by several editors, the consensus about this is not to include this page as per Wikipedia:EL. The main reason for this, as stated by MidgleyDJ, is that the information contained on this site and relevant to this entry should ideally be integrated into this entry (with proper references, not merely by referring to this site). Please do not regard the actions of other editors that have reversed your changes as merely aimed at antagonizing you, but consider their arguments carefully. Thanks. Malljaja (talk) 13:25, 26 June 2008 (UTC)

Wikipedia was a great concept. But so was the Roman Empire. Geeki (talk) 14:33, 26 June 2008 (UTC)


Ginko protected rats from 50%-65% of stroke damage

Suggest to add:


[SUBHEAD] Post-stroke brain damage mitigation In a study publishProxy-Connection: keep-alive Cache-Control: max-age=0 

in Stroke on October 9, 2008, the researchers found that rats pre-treated with daily ginko biloba doses had only 50% of the post-stroke damage of untreated rats. Further, rats not previously treated but treated with ginkgo biloba within 5 minutes of the surgically-induced stroke had 65% less stroke damage. PMID 18845796[1]  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.3.11.60 (talk) 02:41, 12 October 2008 (UTC)
  1. ^ Sofiyan Saleem PhD; Hean Zhuang MD; Shyam Biswal PhD; Yves Christen PhD; and Sylvain Doré PhD Ginkgo Biloba Extract Neuroprotective Action Is Dependent on Heme Oxygenase 1 in Ischemic Reperfusion Brain Injury Stroke October 2008 http://stroke.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/STROKEAHA.108.523480v1 Published Online on October 9, 2008 Published online before print October 9, 2008, doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.523480
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_France&oldid=244697980"