WXXA-TV and Equality before the law: Difference between pages
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'''Equality before the law''' or '''equality under the law''' or '''legal egalitarianism''' is the principle under which each individual is subject to the same laws, with no individual or group having special legal privileges. Legal egalitarianism admits no class structures entail separate legal practices. Thus, [[canon law]], [[star chamber]]s, and [[aristocracy]] are alike forbidden, and the testimony of all persons is counted with the same weight. This political development arose in the 18th century in both the [[United States]] and [[France]] after their revolutionary periods. It was a radical development, as it negated the former [[feudalism|feudal]] and aristocratic foundations. |
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{{Infobox_Broadcast | |
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call_letters = WXXA-TV| |
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city = Albany, New York| |
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station_logo = [[Image:Wxxa 2007.PNG]]<br><br>[[Image:Waws vtv.jpg|150px]]| |
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station_slogan = Coverage and Convenience| |
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station_branding = Fox 23<br>Fox 23 News| |
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analog = 23 ([[ultra high frequency|UHF]])| |
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digital = 7 ([[very high frequency|VHF]])| |
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other_chs = | |
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affiliations = [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]]<br>[[The Variety Channel]]<br>(on DT2)| |
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network = | |
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founded = | |
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airdate = [[July 30]], [[1982]]| |
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location = [[Albany, New York|Albany]] / [[Schenectady, New York|Schenectady]] /<br>[[Troy, New York]]| |
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callsign_meaning = '''XX''' (most recognizable letter combination) '''A'''lbany| |
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former_callsigns = | |
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former_channel_numbers = | |
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owner = [[Newport Television]]| |
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licensee = Newport Television License, LLC| |
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sister_stations = | |
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former_affiliations = [[Independent station|Independent]] (1982-1987)<br>[[UPN]] (secondary, 1995-1997)| |
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effective_radiated_power = 3,675 [[kilowatt|kW]] (analog)<br>10 kW (digital)| |
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HAAT = {{convert|363|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} (analog)<br>{{convert|434|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} (digital)| |
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class = | |
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facility_id = 11970| |
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coordinates = {{coord|42|37|0.2|N|74|0|44.2|W|type:landmark_scale:2000}}| |
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homepage = [http://www.fox23news.com/ fox23news.com]| |
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}} |
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According to the eminent [[Austrian School|Austrian economist]] [[Friedrich Hayek]], equality before the law and [[material equality]] are incompatible, arguing that material inequality is a natural consequence of legal equality: "From the fact that people are very different it follows that, if we treat them equally, the result must be inequality in their actual position, and that the only way to place them in an equal position would be to treat them differently. Equality before the law and material equality are therefore not only different but are in conflict with each other; and we can achieve either one or the other, but not both at the same time".<ref>[[Friedrich Hayek]], ''[[The Constitution of Liberty]]'', p. 87</ref> It also follows that, "Our argument will be that, though where the same must use coercion for other reasons, it should treat all people alike, the desire of making people more alike in their condition cannot be accepted in a free society as a justification for further and discriminatory coercion." |
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'''WXXA-TV''', channel 23, is the [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]]-affiliated [[television station]] for the [[Capital District]] of [[New York State]] and western [[New England]] that is licensed to [[Albany, New York|Albany]]. Its transmitter is located on Mount Pinnacle in [[New Scotland, New York|New Scotland]]. Owned by [[Newport Television]], the station has studios on Corporate Circle on the border of Albany suburbs [[Colonie]] and [[Guilderland]]. WXXA broadcasts "The Variety Channel" on its second digital subchannel and [[Time Warner]] digital cable channel 423. [[Television syndication|syndicated]] shows on the station includes: ''[[The Tyra Banks Show|Tyra]]'', ''[[The Montel Williams Show|Montel]]'', ''[[The People's Court]]'', ''[[Everybody Loves Raymond]]'', and ''[[The Simpsons]]''. |
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== |
==See also== |
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* [[Rule of law]] |
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The station's digital signal is multiplexed: |
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* [[Liberal democracy]] |
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== References == |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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<references/> |
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|- |
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! Virtual<br>Channel |
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! Physical<br>RF Channel |
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! [[Video resolution|Video]] |
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! [[Aspect ratio|Aspect]] |
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! Programming |
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|- |
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| 23.1 || 7.1 || [[720p]] || [[16:9]] || main WXXA programming / Fox [[HDTV|HD]] |
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|- |
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| 23.2 || 7.2 || [[480i]] || [[4:3]] || "The Variety Channel" |
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|} |
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{{Articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights}} |
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In [[2009]], WXXA-TV will continue digital broadcasts on channel 7 when the analog to digital transition is complete.<ref name="Analog to Digital">http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/DA-06-1082A2.pdf</ref> |
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{{Human rights}} |
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<br> |
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==History== |
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{{Ideology-small}} |
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[[Image:FOX23 range.png|left|thumb|WXXA's coverage area.]] |
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[[Category:Political theories]] |
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WXXA is the only Albany television station that has never changed its network affiliation or call letters (the original owners were a group of investors led by the station's former founding President and station manager Jim Boaz and [[Orion Pictures]]). However, it started as an [[Independent station|independent]]. WXXA began broadcasting on [[July 30]], [[1982]] as the market's first independent station. Before this, the channel 23 position existed for many years as a construction permit (originally as WPTR-TV) and prior to sign-on was rumored to get the [[NBC]] affiliation shed by [[WRGB]] prior to that network affiliating with [[WNYT (TV)|WNYT]]. |
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[[Category:Political science terms]] |
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[[Category:Egalitarianism]] |
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{{polisci-stub}} |
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In 1986, WXXA became one of the sign-on affiliates of the fledgling [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] network and was sold from its original local owners to Heritage Broadcasting. In 1994, Heritage sold the station to [[Clear Channel Communications]] preceding its radio entry into the market and its sizeable expansion of television assets in the Northeast by several years. Clear Channel would soon move WXXA from its original studios on Central Avenue in Albany (now a car dealership) to an expanded facility in Albany located near the Westmere area of the city. This move and expansion allowed the station to begin producing newscasts in October 1996. When [[UPN]] launched in 1995, WXXA gained a secondary affiliation with the network and aired its programming at off-hours on the weekends. Cable viewers in virtually the entire market were also able to watch the shows in-pattern on [[WSBK-TV]] from [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]]. WXXA's secondary affiliation ended at the start of the 1997-1998 television season when UPN affiliated with [[WYPX]] who would show UPN programs off-pattern from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m. weeknights. Albany UPN affiliation would then switch to [[WVBG-LP]] in September 1999 to January 2000. |
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[[fr:Égalité devant la loi]] |
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From January 2000 until August 2003, WXXA operated "[[WEDG-TV]]", a cable-only [[UPN]] affiliate seen on [[Time Warner]], [[Charter Communications|Charter]], and Mid-Hudson Cablevision cable systems in the market. Known on-air as ''UPN 4'', the station signed off concurrent with the sign-on of broadcast UPN affiliate [[WNYA]]. WXXA's digital signal began broadcasting in December of 2005 on [[VHF]] channel 7. A combination of objections from analog co-channels in [[WABC-TV|New York City]] and [[WWNY|Watertown]], both of which have signals at the fringes of the Albany market, was the primary reason for the late (and delayed) sign-on. |
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[[ja:法の下の平等]] |
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In January 2007, Clear Channel launched a digital-only network known as "The Variety Channel". The network broadcasts classic TV shows, auto showcase programming, and various home improvement programs. WXXA also inserts some local programming including newscast rebroadcasts. It began airing on WXXA's second digital subchannel in mid-January 2007. On [[April 20]], [[2007]], Clear Channel entered into an agreement to sell its entire television stations group to [[Providence Equity Partners]]' [[Newport Television]]. However, Providence Equity Partners currently owns a 16 percent stake in [[Freedom Communications]], the owner of [[CBS]] affiliate [[WRGB]]. As a result, the [[Federal Communications Commission|FCC]] granted conditional approval of the deal in late-November provided that Providence Equity Partners follows through with its planned divestiture of its share in Freedom Communications (as required when Providence Equity Partners purchased a minority stake in the Spanish-language broadcaster [[Univision]] earlier in 2007) to another company before the group deal can be finalized. In the interim, WXXA was moved over to the Aloha Station Trust, alongside assorted for-sale Clear Channel radio stations, until a divestiture can be made. Once the share of Freedom Communications is spun off, WXXA will be fully transferred to Newport TV. |
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==News operation== |
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On [[October 7]], [[1996]], WXXA launched a 10 P.M. newscast. It was not the first in the market as [[WCWN|WMHQ]]'s [[WNYT (TV)|WNYT]]-produced newscast started earlier that year. Filling a niche in local news broadcasts, the 10 o'clock newscast was expanded in early-2000 to an hour and was joined by a 6:30 P.M. edition later that year. In 2001, WXXA took on the [[Big Three television networks|big three]] stations in the market for the first time by launching a weeknight 6 o'clock news that struggled to gain ratings. A change in upper management led to a realignment of early evening newscasts with the 6:30 news moving to 5 in September of 2002. The 6 o'clock news was canceled in July of 2003. In recent years, the station has made waves by putting a significant investment in its news operation. The biggest move was the signing of popular WNYT anchor John Gray in late-2003 and adding resources and capabilities behind the scenes and on-air. WXXA has also been on the forefront of changing technology. The station became one of the first to offer podcasts in 2005. |
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It was also the first television station worldwide to provide video podcasts. On [[September 25]], [[2006]], WXXA launched a weekday morning newscast which currently runs from 5 to 8 A.M. The announcement of this launch back in March of that year led to a preemptive move in April by WRGB. That station added an extension of its weekday morning news from 7 to 8 A.M. on [[MyNetworkTV]] affiliate [[WNYA]]. At the same time, there were rumors circulating that WRGB would start producing a 10 P.M. newscast on WNYA. The rumors shifted to [[WCWN]] when it was purchased by WRGB's owner and made a sister station. At the start of 2007, the WRGB morning news extension moved to WCWN. That shift was made because WCWN has higher ratings than WNYA. On September 24, 2008, WRGB started producing a weeknight 10 o'clock newscast in high definition. Airing for 10 minutes, it features the top stories of the day along with an updated weather forecast. During weather forecasts, WXXA uses live, [[NOAA]] [[National Weather Service]] radar data from four regional sites. |
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===Newscast Titles=== |
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*''Fox News at Ten'' (1996-2000) |
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*''Fox 23 News'' (2000-present) |
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===Station Slogans=== |
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*''Channel 23, Your Super Station'' (1982-1987) |
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*''Fox 23, Your #1 Choice for Entertainment'' (1987-1995) |
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*''Coverage & Convenience'' (2005-present) |
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*''Fox23 News, The Ten o'clock News (2008-present) |
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==News team== |
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[[Image:Wxxa news 2008.png|thumb|right|WXXA's weeknight anchors.]] |
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[[Image:Wxxa weather 2008.png|thumb|right|Chief Meteorologist Steve Teeling.]] |
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'''Anchors'''<br>''(in alphabetical order)'' |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" |
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!width="140"|Personality |
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!width="295"|Position |
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!width="125"|WXXA Since |
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|- |
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|[http://www.fox23news.com/content/newsbios/story.aspx?content_id=c40f34f6-31e9-4efb-bf37-47090c05870e '''Mark Baker''']||Fox23 News Daybreak |
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|align="center"|2006 |
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|- |
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|[http://www.fox23news.com/content/newsbios/story.aspx?content_id=8b1933ec-7907-4e10-8b0d-4d4246c2dec7 '''John Gray''']||Fox23 News at 5, Fox23 News at 10/Consumer Reporter |
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|align="center"|2004 |
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|- |
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|[http://www.fox23news.com/content/newsbios/story.aspx?content_id=3bffe02d-b10d-497f-9bcf-745dda690cf3 '''Ann Hughes''']||Fox23 News at 10/Health Reporter |
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|align="center"|1998 |
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|- |
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|[http://www.fox23news.com/content/newsbios/story.aspx?content_id=65668291-fc30-4dfa-ae71-2fcec6471ed7 '''Diane Lee''']||Fox23 News Daybreak |
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|align="center"|2006 |
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|- |
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|[http://www.fox23news.com/content/newsbios/story.aspx?content_id=79c118dc-c613-4ede-9675-c86ee457863b '''Jeff Saperstone''']||Fox23 News at 10 (Interim Weekend Anchor) |
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|align="center"|2003 |
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|} |
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'''''Fox 23 Weather Where You Live Meteorologists'''''<br>''(in order of rank)'' |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" |
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!width="140"|Personality |
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!width="280"|Position |
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!width="140"|WXXA Since |
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|- |
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|- |
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|[http://www.fox23news.com/content/newsbios/story.aspx?content_id=abaf0116-e8b6-464a-b75a-d524eb21c30a '''Steve Teeling''']||Fox23 News at 5, Fox23 News at 10, Fox23 News Chief Meteorologist |
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|align="center"|2006 |
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|- |
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|[http://www.fox23news.com/content/newsbios/story.aspx?content_id=346a0510-8f05-4d8b-9c2f-e50acead1016 '''Brandon Hertell''']||Fox23 News Daybreak Meteorologist |
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|align="center"|2006 |
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|- |
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|[|[http://www.fox23news.com/content/newsbios/story.aspx?content_id=346a0510-8f05-4d8b-9c2f-e50acead1016 '''Ryan Finn''']||Fox23 News Weekend/Fill-in Meteorologist |
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|align="center"|2008 |
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|- |
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'''Sports'''<br>''(in order of rank)'' |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" |
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!width="140"|Personality |
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!width="280"|Position |
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!width="140"|WXXA Since |
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|- |
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|- |
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|[http://www.fox23news.com/content/newsbios/story.aspx?content_id=142a40f2-7f2a-4ec2-8874-2299fac9f610 '''Rich Becker''']||Sports Director, Fox23 News at 5, Fox23 News at 10/Host of: ''Fox23'' Times Union ''High School Sports Show'', ''Fox23 Fast Track'' |
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|align="center"|1999 |
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|- |
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|[http://www.fox23news.com/content/newsbios/story.aspx?content_id=316fa89e-3328-4c38-8e71-1e358ff13411 '''Scott Morlock''']||Weekend Sports Anchor/Host of: ''Fox23 Fast Track'' ''Fox23'' Times Union ''High School Sports'' Show |
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|align="center"|1997 |
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|- |
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|} |
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'''Reporters'''<br>''(in alphabetical rrder)'' |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" |
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!width="140"|Personality |
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!width="295"|Position |
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!width="125"|WXXA Since |
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|- |
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|[http://www.fox23news.com/content/newsbios/story.aspx?content_id=053bdbe5-9ee8-4cc3-b03e-048ef7c2d0ae '''Kathryn Hauser''']||Fox23 News Daybreak General Assignment Reporter |
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|align="center"|2006 |
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|- |
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|[http://www.fox23news.com/content/newsbios/story.aspx?content_id=f6d2d03e-0976-45fa-a758-944c31c052f4 '''Kristin Lowman''']||General Assignment Reporter |
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|align="center"|2007 |
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|- |
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|[http://www.fox23news.com/content/newsbios/story.aspx?content_id=f6d2d03e-0976-45fa-a758-944c31c052f4 '''Walt McClure''']||General Assignment Reporter |
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|align="center"|2005 |
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|- |
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|[http://www.fox23news.com/content/newsbios/story.aspx?content_id=3a39d125-91bc-459d-a650-c01b6488c5d1 '''Cait McVey''']||General Assignment Reporter |
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|align="center"|2007 |
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|- |
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|[http://www.fox23news.com/content/newsbios/story.aspx?content_id=3a39d125-91bc-459d-a650-c01b6488c5d1 '''Paul Merrill''']||General Assignment Reporter |
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|align="center"|2007 |
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|- |
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|} |
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==Previous personnel== |
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* Megan Baker (Former reporter and anchor, worked for [[Capital News 9]] 2003-2006, now head of her own public relations firm in Albany. |
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*[http://www.wnyt.com/dan-bazile.xml?ag=x156&sb=x229 Dan Bazile] (Former reporter/fill-in anchor, was formerly at WNYT, now spokesman for New York State Assemblyman Jim Tedisco) |
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*Greg Floyd (Original lead anchor and managing editor, downgraded to weekends upon John Gray's arrival, left for WRGB in December 2005) |
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*[http://noahfrancisweather.blogspot.com/index.html Noah Francis] (Chief meteorologist 1996-2006 and the last on-air talent from the news department's launch to leave the station) |
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*Molly Line (Reporter and fill-in anchor in the early 2000s, now is a reporter at [[Fox News Channel]]) |
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*Brent Martineau (Weekend sports anchor from 2002 to 2008, now at [[WTEV-TV]]/[[WAWS-TV]] in [[Jacksonville, Florida]]) |
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*Natalie Martinez (Weeknight co-anchor from 1998 to 2000, previously reporter and original weekend anchor). Now a reporter and fill-in anchor at [[WMAQ-TV|WMAQ]] in [[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]]) |
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*Marci Natale (Former reporter, now weekend morning anchor at WRGB) |
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*Nathan O'Leary (Former reporter/fill-in anchor, now news anchor for INN-Independent News Network) |
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*Tim Drawbridge (Former weekend meteorologist at Fox23 and WNYT. He left WNYT in May 2008 to become the Public Relations Manager & Spokesperson for the Great Escape) |
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*Jill Montag (Former reporter and fill-in anchor) |
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*Allison Seymour (Original co-anchor, now early morning anchor at [[WTTG]] in [[Washington DC]]) |
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*Gary Somerset (reporter in the late 1990s) |
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*Kristin Stinar (Reporter and 6:30 co-anchor with Ann Hughes in the early 2000s, now reporter and fill-in anchor at [[KSTP-TV]] in [[Minneapolis, Minnesota|Minneapolis]]) |
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*David Wade (Original weekend reporter, then becoming reporter and weeknight anchor at [[WFXT]] in [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]]) |
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*Brian Pastiglione (Former reporter and fill-in anchor.) |
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*Stephanie Gorin (Anchor from 1996-1998, now the lead anchor at [[WPTZ]] in [[Plattsburgh, New York|Plattsburgh]]) |
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*Keith Galley (Former weekend meteorologist.) |
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Outside the realm of news, a few other personalities in WXXA-TV's past could be considered notable |
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*"Ranger Danger": Played by veteran radio DJ Gary Locatelli (better known as "Uncle Vito" of [[WPYX]]), the character of Ranger Danger was a cartoon host/children's show character who developed a cult following until the show was canceled upon Clear Channel's purchase of the station. |
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*[[John Mulrooney]], by then working for WPYX as morning show sidekick, briefly was a host of the station's late night comedies in 2001. |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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*[http://www.fox23news.com/ WXXA-TV/DT "Fox 23"] |
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*[http://mobile.fox23news.com/ WXXA wireless] |
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*[http://www.thevarietychannel.com/ WXXA-DT2 "The Variety Channel"] |
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*{{TVQ|WXXA-TV}} |
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{{Albany TV}} |
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{{Fox New York}} |
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[[Category:Television stations in New York]] |
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[[Category:Albany County, New York]] |
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[[Category:Fox network affiliates]] |
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[[Category:Newport television stations]] |
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[[Category:Channel 23 TV stations in the United States]] |
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[[Category:Television channels and stations established in 1982]] |
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Revision as of 00:09, 14 October 2008
Equality before the law or equality under the law or legal egalitarianism is the principle under which each individual is subject to the same laws, with no individual or group having special legal privileges. Legal egalitarianism admits no class structures entail separate legal practices. Thus, canon law, star chambers, and aristocracy are alike forbidden, and the testimony of all persons is counted with the same weight. This political development arose in the 18th century in both the United States and France after their revolutionary periods. It was a radical development, as it negated the former feudal and aristocratic foundations.
According to the eminent Austrian economist Friedrich Hayek, equality before the law and material equality are incompatible, arguing that material inequality is a natural consequence of legal equality: "From the fact that people are very different it follows that, if we treat them equally, the result must be inequality in their actual position, and that the only way to place them in an equal position would be to treat them differently. Equality before the law and material equality are therefore not only different but are in conflict with each other; and we can achieve either one or the other, but not both at the same time".[1] It also follows that, "Our argument will be that, though where the same must use coercion for other reasons, it should treat all people alike, the desire of making people more alike in their condition cannot be accepted in a free society as a justification for further and discriminatory coercion."
See also
References
Template:Articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
 | This political science article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
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