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{{Infobox_Stadium |
[[Image:Hongxiuquan.jpg|thumb|right|250px|A statue of Hong Xiuquan]]
stadium_name = Dan Law Field|
'''Hóng Xiùquán''' ({{zh-cpw|c=洪秀全|p=Hóng Xiùquán |w=Hung Hsiu-ch'üan}}; January 1, 1814 – June 1, 1864), born '''Hong Renkun''' (洪仁坤), [[courtesy name]] Huoxiu (火秀), was a [[Hakka]] [[China|Chinese]] who led the [[Taiping Rebellion]] against the [[Qing Dynasty]], establishing the "Heavenly Kingdom of Taiping" over varying portions of southern China, with himself as the "[[Tian Wang|Heavenly King]]" and self-proclaimed brother of [[Jesus Christ]].
nickname = "The Law"|
image = [[Image:Thelaw.jpg|250px]] |
location = [[Lubbock, Texas]], [[United States|US]] |
broke_ground = |
opened = |
closed = |
demolished = |
owner = [[Texas Tech University]] |
operator = [[Texas Tech University]] |
surface = [[Astroturf]]|
construction_cost = |
architect = |
former_names = |
tenants = [[Texas Tech Red Raiders]] |
seating_capacity = 5,050 |
}}


'''Dan Law Field''', nicknamed "The Law", is the home stadium of the [[Texas Tech Red Raiders baseball]] team in [[Lubbock, Texas]]. It is located on the [[Texas Tech University|Texas Tech]] campus, adjacent to [[Jones AT&T Stadium]] (football) and [[R. P. Fuller Track and Soccer Field]] (soccer and track & field).<ref>[http://media.www.dailytoreador.com/media/storage/paper870/news/2002/02/22/Sports/Pirates.Invade.The.Law.Raiders.Seek.Justice-1273726.shtml Pirates invade The Law, Raiders seek justice - Sports]</ref> Dan Law Field was rated as one of the top three places to watch a college baseball game by ''[[Sports Illustrated]] On Campus''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/text/sports/m-basebl/auto_pdf/2008mediaguide.pdf|title=2008 Baseball Media Guide|accessdate=2008-07-09|publisher=Texas Tech Athletics|pages=23}}</ref>
==Early life and education==
[[Image:Hong Xiuquan.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Hong Xiuquan]]
He was born in Fuyuanshui Village (福源水村), Hua County ({{zh-tcy |t=花縣 |cy=Fa Yuen}}, now [[Huadu]] (花都市)), [[Guangdong]] to Hong Jingyang (洪競揚) and Wang-shi (王氏). His grandfather was Hong Guoyou (洪國游), who was, like his [[ancestor]]s, a [[farmer]]. He later moved to Guānlùbù Village (官祿㘵村).


==Name and capacity==
Hong started studying at a school called Book Chamber House (書房閣) at age seven. He was able to recite the [[Four Great Classical Novels|Four Classics]] after five or six years. At around the age of fifteen his parents were no longer able to afford his schooling, so he became a tutor to other children in his village and continued to study privately. He took the local preliminary examinations and came first, so at the age of 22 in 1836, he took the first-degree (秀才) [[Imperial examination|civil service examination]]s in [[Guangzhou]]. Unsurprisingly, he failed, as imperial examinations had a pass rate of 1%.<ref>Gray (1990), p. 55</ref> He retook the test four times, but never succeeded.
Dan Law Field is named for 1950s Texas Tech baseball player Dan Law. The ballpark has a permanent seating capacity of 5,050. Renovated in 1996 and 2001, the stadium underwent another upgrade in 2007.<ref>[http://media.www.dailytoreador.com/media/storage/paper870/news/2007/09/20/Sports/Tech-Baseball.Begins.Fall.Practice.At.Lubbock.Christian-2979278.shtml Tech baseball begins fall practice at Lubbock Christian - Sports<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>


==NCAA tournaments==
He later attained the position of instructor (塾師) at Book Chamber Building and several schools in Lianhuatang (蓮花塘) and other villages.
Dan Law Field has been the site of [[NCAA Division I Baseball Championship|NCAA Tournament]] games in 1996, 1997, and [[1999 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament|1999]].

==Visions and iconoclasm==
On his visit to Guangzhou to take the civil service examinations in 1836, Hong heard a Christian missionary preaching about the religion. While there he received translations and summaries of the [[Bible]] written by the Christian missionary [[Liang Fa]]. The following year Hong failed the examinations again and apparently suffered a nervous collapse. During his recovery in 1837 he had a number of mystical visions. One involved an old man who complained to Hong about men worshiping demons rather than him. In a second one he saw [[Confucius]] being punished for his faithlessness, after which he repented. In yet another he dreamed angels carried him to [[heaven]] where he met a man in a black dragon robe with a long golden beard who gave him a sword and a magic seal, and told him to purify China of the demons. Several years later he would interpret this to mean that God the Heavenly Father, whom he identified with [[Shangdi]] from the Chinese tradition, and his older brother, [[Jesus Christ]], wanted him to rid the world of demon worship.<ref name=sources>{{citation| last=De Bary| first= Wm. Theodore; Lufrano, Richard| title=Sources of Chinese Tradition| volume=2| year=2000| publisher=Columbia University Press| isbn=978 0 231 11271 0| pages=213-215}}</ref> His friends and family said that after this episode he became authoritative and solemn.

It was not until 7 years later that Hong took the time to carefully examine the religious tracts he had received. In his house Hong burned all [[Confucianism|Confucian]] and [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] [[statue]]s and books, and began to preach to his community about his visions. His earliest converts were relatives of his who had also failed their examinations and belonged to the Hakka minority, [[Feng Yunshan]] and [[Hong Rengan]]. He joined with them to destroy idols in small villages to the ire of local citizens and officials. Hong and his converts' acts were not surprisingly considered [[sacrilege|sacrilegious]] and they were persecuted by Confucians who forced them to leave their positions as village tutors. Hong Xiuquan and Feng Yunshan fled the district in 1844, walking some 300 miles to the west to [[Guangxi]], where the large Hakka population was much more willing to receive his teachings.<ref name=sources/> As a symbolic gesture to purge China of Confucianism, he asked for two giant swords, three-[[Chinese units|chi]] (about 1 metre) long and nine-[[Chinese units|jin]] (about 5.5 kg), called the "demon-slaying swords" (斬妖劍), to be forged.<ref>Spence (1996), p. 67. "The two men discuss Hong's dream, and feel that some of it, at least, can be understood literally. So together they order a local craftsman to forge two double-edged swords--each sword nine pounds in weight, and three feet in length--with three characters carved upon each blade, 'Sword for exterminating demons'."}}</ref>

==The God worshippers==
Hong then preached to a large number of [[charcoal]]-burners on [[Zijin Mountain]] (紫金山) in [[Guiping]] District (桂平縣), who mostly belonged to the [[Hakka]] minority like Hong himself, and readily joined him. He preached a mix of communal utopianism, [[evangelism]] and his idiosyncratic quasi-[[Christianity]]. While proclaiming sexual equality, the sect segregated men from women and encouraged all its followers to pay their assets into a communal treasury.{{Fact|date=January 2008}} By the end of the 1840s, Hong had a sizeable following which he called the God Worshippers (拜上帝會), but local officials were still attempting to suppress his religious movement after his move to Guangxi.<ref name=sources/>

In 1847 Hong studied with the American [[Southern Baptist]] missionary Reverend [[Issachar Jacox Roberts]] for two months in Guangzhou, during which time he gained most of his knowledge of Christianity.<ref name=sources/> He formally studied the [[Old Testament]]. After Hong asked Roberts for aid in maintaining his sect, Roberts (wary of people converting to Christianity for economic aid) refused to [[baptism|baptise]] him.<ref>Spence (1996)</ref>

When Hong returned to Guangxi, he found that Feng had accumulated a following of around 2,000 converts. Guangxi was a dangerous area at this time with many [[bandit]] groups based in the mountains and [[pirates]] on the rivers. Perhaps due to these more pressing concerns, the authorities were largely tolerant of Hong and his followers. However, the instability of the region meant that Hong's followers were inevitably drawn into conflict with other groups, not least because of their predominately Hakka ethnicity. There are records of numerous incidents when local villages and clans, as well as groups of pirates and bandits, came into conflict with the authorities, and responded by fleeing to join Hong's movement. The rising tension between the sect and the authorities was probably the most important factor in Hong's eventual decision to rebel.

==Rebellion and the Heavenly Kingdom==
{{main|Taiping Rebellion}}
[[Image:TAIPING ARMY.JPG|right|thumb|300px|Members of the Taiping army meeting Hong Xiuquan, their king]]

By 1850 Hong had between 10,000 and 30,000 followers. The authorities were alarmed at the growing size of the sect and ordered them to disperse. A local force was sent to attack them when they refused, but imperial troops were routed and a deputy magistrate killed. A full-scale attack was launched by the government forces in the first month of 1851. In what came to be known as the [[Jintian Uprising]], after the town of Jintian (now [[Guiping]]) where the sect was based. Hong's followers emerged victorious and [[beheading|beheaded]] the [[Manchu people|Manchu]] commander of the government troops.

Hong declared the foundation of the "Heavenly Kingdom of Transcendent Peace" on January 11, 1851.

Despite this evidence of forward planning, Hong and his followers faced immediate challenges. The local [[Green Standard Army]] outnumbered them ten to one, and had recruited the help of the river pirates to keep the rebellion contained to Jintian. After a month of preparation the Taipings managed to break through the blockade and fight their way to the town of Yongan (not to be confused with [[Yong'an]]), which fell to them on September 25, 1851.

Hong and his troops remained in Yongan for three months, sustained by local landowners who were hostile to the Manchu Qing Dynasty. The imperial army regrouped and launched another attack on the Taipings in Yongan. Having run out of gunpowder, Hong's followers fought their way out by sword, and made for the city of [[Guilin]], which they laid siege. However, the fortifications of Guilin proved too secure, and Hong and his followers eventually gave up and set out northwards, towards [[Hunan]]. Here, they encountered an elite militia created by a local member of the gentry specifically to put down peasant rebellions. The two forces fought at Soyi Ford on June 10, 1852 where the Taipings were forced into retreat, and 20% of their troops were killed. But in March 1853 Taiping forces managed to take [[Nanjing]] and turned it into the capital of their movement.

Hong Xiuquan ruled by making frequent proclamations from his Heavenly Palace, demanding strict compliance with various moral and religious rules. Most trade was suppressed and property socialized. Polygamy was forbidden and men and women were separated, although Hong and other leaders maintained groups of concubines.

[[Yang Xiuqing]] was a fellow Taiping leader (the "East King") who had directed successful military campaigns and who often claimed to speak with the voice of God. Hong became increasingly suspicious of Yang's ambitions and his network of spies; in 1856 he had Yang and his family murdered.

Following a failed attempt by the Taiping to take [[Shanghai]] in 1860, the Qing forces, aided by Western officers, slowly gained ground.

==Death==
Some sources say Hong committed [[suicide]] by taking poison on June 1, 1864 at the age of 52 after Qing authorities finally gained a decisive military advantage and all hope of maintaining his kingdom was lost. However, in other sources, he was said to have died of [[illness]]. [[Hong Rengan]], Hong's cousin said his illness was caused by "eating [[manna]]"--a command taken from the Bible that Hong had given to his people as they starved.

On 30 July Qing find Hong‘ s body.

He was succeeded by his teenage son, [[Hong Tianguifu]]. The Taiping Rebellion was put down by Qing forces later in 1864.

==Publications==
*''The Imperial Decree of Taiping''《太平詔書》(1852)
*The ''Instructions on the Original Way'' Series (《原道救世訓》系列) (1845 - 48): included in ''The Imperial Decree of Taiping'' later. The series is proclaimed by [[PRC]]'s National Affairs Department (國務院) to be Protected National Significant Documents (全國重點文物) in 1988.
**''The Instructions on the Original Way to Save the World'' (《原道救世訓》)
**''The Instructions on the Original Way to Awake the World'' (《原道醒世訓》)
**''The Instructions on the Original Way to Make the World Realize'' (《原道覺世訓》)
*''The New Essay on Economics and Politics'' (《資政新篇》 ) (1859)

==Quotes==
The following [[poem]], called "The Poem on Executing the Vicious and Preserving the Righteous" (斬邪留正詩), written in 1837 by Hong, illustrates his religious thinking and goal that later lead to the establishment of the "Heavenly Kingdom of Taiping". Note that in the second last line, the name of the then yet-to-come kingdom is mentioned. This, and other poems of his, are considered by some scholars to be of low quality, because the lack of use of classical phrases.
:Holding the Universe in the hand,
:I slay the evil, spare the righteous, and relieve the suffering of the people.
:My eyes see through beyond the west, the north, the rivers, and the mountains,
:My sounds shake the east, the south, the Sun, and the Moon.
:The glorious sword of authority was given by Lord,
:Poems and books are evidences that praise [[Yahweh]] in front of Him.
:Taiping [perfect Peace] unifies the World of Light,
:The domineering air will be joyous for myriads of thousand years.

手握乾坤殺伐權，斬邪留正解民懸。眼通西北江山外，聲振東南日月邊。璽劍光榮存帝賜，詩章憑據誦爺前，太平一統光世界，威風快樂萬千年

==Legacy==
Views and opinions on Hong differ greatly.

The Chinese communists under [[Mao Zedong]] generally admired Hong and his movement as a legitimate peasant uprising that anticipated their own.<ref name=cohen>Cohen, Paul A. (2003). China Unbound: Evolving Perspectives on the Chinese Past, p. 212.</ref> [[Sun Yat-sen]] came from the same area as Hong Xiuquan and is said to have identified with Hong since his childhood days.<ref name=cohen/>

In 1959 the [[PRC]] established a small museum, Hong Xiuquan's Former Residence Memorial Museum (洪秀全故居紀念館), in his birthplace where there is a [[longan]] tree planted by him. The museum's plate is written by the famous literary figure, [[Guo Moruo]] (郭沫若) (1892&ndash;1978). The residence and Book Chamber Building were renovated in 1961.

Hong Xiuquan has been compared to [[Falun Gong]] founder [[Li Hongzhi]] in that he rallies a large number of people behind a religious or spiritual cause to challenge the status quo, although Li's political intentions have been of intense debate.


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

==References==
*Gray, Jack (1990). ''Rebellions and Revolutions: China from the 1800s to the 1980s'', Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-821576-2.
*[[Jonathan D. Spence|Spence, Jonathan D.]] (1996). ''God's Chinese Son:The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of Hong Xiuquan'', W.W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-03844-0
* Anderson, Flavia (1959). "The Rebel Emperor", Doubleday & Company


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://texastech.cstv.com/sports/m-basebl/spec-rel/danlawfield.html Texas Tech baseball - Dan Law Field]
*[http://big5.viewcn.com/ShenZhouLiaoWang/ChengShiDH/GuangZhou/MingShengJingGuan/GBK/27134.html 紀念館 (The Memorial Museum)] (in Chinese) with a picture of Hong's huge longan tree.


{{Texas Tech Red Raiders athletics}}
{{start box}}
{{Texas Tech University|show=yes}}
{{succession box|title=Heavenly King of Taiping|before=''none''|after=[[Hong Tianguifu]]|years=1851-1864}}
{{Big 12 baseball parks}}
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{{coord missing|United States}}
[[Category:Culture heroes]]
[[Category:1812 births]]
[[Category:1864 deaths]]
[[Category:Chinese dissidents]]
[[Category:Chinese revolutionaries]]
[[Category:Hakka people]]
[[Category:Heavenly kings of Taiping]]
[[Category:Self-declared messiahs]]
[[Category:People from Guangzhou]]
[[Category:Hakka people]]


[[Category:Texas Tech Red Raiders baseball]]
[[de:Hong Xiuquan]]
[[Category:College baseball venues]]
[[es:Hong Xiuquan]]
[[Category:Minor league baseball venues]]
[[fr:Hong Xiuquan]]
[[Category:Sports venues in Lubbock, Texas]]
[[hak:Fùng Siu-chhiòn]]
[[ko:홍수전]]
[[nl:Hong Xiuquan]]
[[ja:洪秀全]]
[[no:Hong Xiuquan]]
[[pt:Hong Xiuquan]]
[[ru:Хун Сюцюань]]
[[sv:Hong Xiuquan]]
[[th:หง ซิ่วฉวน]]
[[vi:Hồng Tú Toàn]]
[[zh:洪秀全]]

Revision as of 04:18, 13 October 2008

Dan Law Field
"The Law"
Map
LocationLubbock, Texas, US
OwnerTexas Tech University
OperatorTexas Tech University
Capacity5,050
SurfaceAstroturf
Tenants
Texas Tech Red Raiders

Dan Law Field, nicknamed "The Law", is the home stadium of the Texas Tech Red Raiders baseball team in Lubbock, Texas. It is located on the Texas Tech campus, adjacent to Jones AT&T Stadium (football) and R. P. Fuller Track and Soccer Field (soccer and track & field).[1] Dan Law Field was rated as one of the top three places to watch a college baseball game by Sports Illustrated On Campus.[2]

Name and capacity

Dan Law Field is named for 1950s Texas Tech baseball player Dan Law. The ballpark has a permanent seating capacity of 5,050. Renovated in 1996 and 2001, the stadium underwent another upgrade in 2007.[3]

NCAA tournaments

Dan Law Field has been the site of NCAA Tournament games in 1996, 1997, and 1999.

References

  1. ^ Pirates invade The Law, Raiders seek justice - Sports
  2. ^ "2008 Baseball Media Guide" (PDF). Texas Tech Athletics. p. 23. Retrieved 2008-07-09.
  3. ^ Tech baseball begins fall practice at Lubbock Christian - Sports

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hong_Xiuquan&oldid=244919929"