Global financial crisis of 2008–2009 and Honda Magna: Difference between pages

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{{Unreferenced|date=December 2006}}
{{Merge|Financial crisis of 2007–2008|date=September 2008}}
{{expert}}
The '''global financial crisis of September-October, 2008''' was several large drops in many international stock markets caused by a worldwide lack of liquidity or [[credit crunch]]. Possible reasons for the series of events of September 2008 include the [[Subprime mortgage crisis]] and the [[2000s energy crisis]]. An inability to secure loans led to the September 15, 2008 decision by [[Lehman Brothers|Lehman Brothers Holdings, Inc.]] to file for [[Bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers|bankruptcy]], the buyout of [[Merrill Lynch]] by [[Bank of America]], and concerns over the [[American International Group|American International Group (AIG)]] ending in that company's bailout by the [[Federal Reserve System]] on September 16. These events resulted in large stock market crashes, prompting large infusions of cash by central banks around the world.
==Magna V45 VF750C (1982-1986)==


==Time line==
On the first day, the [[Dow Jones Industrial Average]] plunged 504 points (4.4%) while the [[S&P 500]] fell 59 points (4.7%). [[Asia]]n and [[Europe]]an markets rendered similarly sharp drops. [[United Kingdom]] regulators announced a temporary ban on [[Short (finance)|short-selling]] of financial stocks on September 18<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/09/19/business/EU-Britain-Short-Selling.php|title=Ban on short-selling won't fix markets on its own|publisher=[[International Herald Tribune]]|date=[[2008-09-19]]|accessdate=2008-09-21}}</ref> and were followed by the [[United States]] on September 19.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=94807831|title=SEC Bans Short Selling Financial Stocks|publisher=[[National Public Radio]]|date=[[2008-09-19]]|accessdate=2008-09-21}}</ref>


On September 29, the Dow dropped 777 points (6.98%), the largest single point-drop in history (but only the 17th largest percentage drop).<ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/us-stocks-slide-dow-plunges/story.aspx?guid={7F45BE2A-0486-494E-B87C-76D9F2688338} | title


The first generation 1982 [[Honda]] V45 Magna was available in either Candy Maroon or Candy Imperial Blue.<ref>{{cite web
= U.S. stocks slide, Dow plunges 777 points, as bailout fails|publisher=[[MarketWatch]]|date=[[2008-09-29]]|accessdate=2008-09-29}}</ref> For comparison, during the [[Great Depression]] the market fell only 340 points - but this amounted to a 90% fall overall.
| url = http://www.cyclechaos.com/wiki/Honda_VF750C#1982
| accessdate = 2006-12-25
}}</ref> The headlight and fenders are chrome. The front disc brakes have straight grooves, dual piston calipers, and TRAC anti-dive. The speedometer reads 85 mph. The redline is 10K rpm. The engine is a 748 cc DOHC 16-valve liquid-cooled 90 degree V-4 linked to a 6-speed transmission with a hydraulically actuated wet-plate clutch and shaft drive. Compression is high, and the stroke is short.


A milestone in the evolution of motorcycles, the V45's performance is comparable to that of Valkyries and Honda's 1800cc V-twin cruisers. However, its mix of performance, reliability, and refinement was overshadowed by the more powerful 1098cc "V65" Magna in 1983. Honda notoriously emphasized the speed of this bike. This era produced the very fast [[Yamaha V-Max|V-Max]] by Yamaha. Suzuki also joined in on the v-four cruiser trend with the [[Suzuki Madura|Madura]], mostly noted for having hydraulic valve lifters, as opposed to Honda's DOHC set-up, which was prone to premature wear of the cams.
On September 29 the [[OBX Index]] of [[Oslo Stock Exchange]] dropped 8.3%, its third largest drop ever in one day.<ref>{{cite news |first= Klever |last= Magnus |title= Verste dag på 17 år |url= http://www.na24.no/imarkedet/borskommentar/article2258169.ece |work= [[NA24]] |publisher= |location= Oslo, Norway |page= |date=2008-09-29 |accessdate=2008-09-30 |language= Norwegian}}</ref>


The 1983 V45 Magna was available in one of two colors and the headlight, instruments, and fenders were chrome. The gas tank and side covers were the basic color (maroon or black). The front disc brake grooves were curved. The speedometer had a 150 mph (240 km/h) limit. The engine was a 748 cc DOHC 4-valve liquid-cooled V-4 linked to a 6-speed transmission and a shaft drive. (1983 starting SN JH2RC071*DM100011)
On October 8th the [[DJIA|Dow]] dropped 189 pts making it at 9258.10 lowest it been since August of 2003.


The US government imposed tariff rate hikes for foreign-built motorcycles in order to combat their rise in sales in North America, and to aid the domestic motorcycle manufacturers, namely [[Harley-Davidson]]. So for 1984 Honda responded by reducing the engine size for the 750s, and the Magna became the VF700C in the USA. Colours available for 1984 were either black or Candy Andromeda red.
== Federal Reserve actions to lower interest rates and stimulate the economy ==
{| class="wikitable" border="1" align="center"
|-
| colspan=6 |'''Federal reserve rates changes ''' ( Just data after January 1, 2008 )
|-
! [[Date]] !! [[Discount rate]] !! [[Discount rate]] !! [[Discount rate]] !! [[Fed funds]] !! [[Fed funds rate]]
|-
! !! !! Primary !! Secondary !! !!
|-
! !! rate change !! new interest rate !! new interest rate !! rate change !! new interest rate
|-
| Oct 08,2008* || -.50% || 1.75% || 2.25% || -.50% || 1.50%
|-
| Apr 30,2008 || -.25% || 2.25% || 2.75% || -.25% || 2.00%
|-
|Mar 18, 2008 || -.75% || 2.50% || 3.00% || -.75% || 2.25%
|-
|Mar 16, 2008 || -.25% || 3.25% || 3.75% || ||
|-
|Jan 30, 2008 || -.50% || 3.50% || 4.00% || -.50% || 3.00%
|-
|Jan 22, 2008 || -.75% || 4.00% || 4.50% || -.75% || 3.50%
|}


== '''"Specifications"''' ==
- * Part of a coordinated global rate cut of 50 basis point by main central banks.[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7658958.stm]
<ref>Cycle World May 1982 http://www.sunley.ca/cwv45-8.gif</ref>
From Cycle World May 1982


- See more detailed [[US federal discount rate]] chart:
[http://www.newyorkfed.org/markets/statistics/dlyrates/fedrate.html]
<!-- data is not copyrightable, fair use allows coping data such as telephone numbers from phone book and
other sweat of the brow data -->


'''New List Price:''' $3295
==Week of September 14, 2008==
===Major financial firm crises===
On Sunday, September 14, it was announced that [[Lehman Brothers]] would file for bankruptcy after the Federal Reserve Bank declined to participate in creating a financial support facility for Lehman Brothers. The same day, the sale of [[Merrill Lynch]] to [[Bank of America]] was announced.<ref name="Lehman Merrill">
[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/15/business/15lehman.html "Lehman Files for Bankruptcy; Merrill Is Sold"] article by Andrew Ross Sorkin in ''[[The New York Times]] September 14, 2008</ref>
The beginning of the week was marked by [[Global stock market crash of September 2008|extreme instability in global stock markets]], with dramatic drops in market values on Monday, September 15, and Wednesday, September 17. On September 16, the large insurer [[American International Group]] (AIG), a significant participant in the [[credit default swap]]s markets suffered a liquidity crisis following the downgrade of its credit rating. The [[Federal Reserve]], at AIG's request, and after AIG has shown that it could not find lenders willing to save it from insolvency, created a credit facility for up to US$85 billion in exchange for an 79.9% equity interest, and the right to suspend dividends to previously issued common and preferred stock.<ref> See [[American International Group]] for details and citations.
</ref>


'''Engine:''' Water-cooled dohc 90 degree V-Four
===Money market funds insurance; short sales prohibitions===
On September 16, the [[Reserve Primary Fund]], a large [[money fund|money market mutual fund]], lowered its share price below $1 because of exposure to Lehman debt securities. This resulted in demands from investors to return their funds as the financial crisis mounted.<ref name = 'NYT-Bernard-2008-09-17 '>
[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/18/business/yourmoney/18money.html "Money Market Funds Enter a World of Risk"] article by Tara Siegel Bernard in ''[[The New York Times]] September 17, 2008
</ref>
By the morning of September 18, money market sell orders from institutional investors totalled $0.5 trillion, out of a total market capitalization of $4 trillion, but a $105 billion liquidity injection from the Federal Reserve averted an immediate collapse.<ref = 'NYPost-Gray-2008-09-18' > Gray, Michael. [http://www.nypost.com/seven/09212008/business/almost_armageddon_130110.htm "Almost Armageddon: Markets Were 500 Trades from a Meltdown] (September 21, 2008 ) [[New York Post]]
</ref>
On September 19 the U.S. Treasury [[Money fund#September 2008|offered temporary insurance]] (akin to [[FDIC]] insurance of bank accounts) to money market funds.<ref name = 'Treasury-Money Market Insurance-2008-09-18 '>
[http://www.treasury.gov/press/releases/hp1147.htm "Treasury Announces Guaranty Program for Money Market Funds"] ( September 19, 2008) Press Release. United States Department of the Treasury.
</ref>
Toward the end of the week, [[Short (finance)|short selling]] of financial stocks was suspended by the [[Financial Services Authority]] in the United Kingdom and by the [[Securities and Exchange Commission]] in the United States.<ref name = 'NYT-Bajaj-2008-09-20'>
[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/20/business/20sec.html "S.E.C. Issues Temporary Ban on Short-Selling"] article by Vikas Bajaj and Jonathan D. Glater in ''[[The New York Times]]'' September 19, 2008
</ref>
Similar measures were taken by authorities in other countries.<ref name="aus-09-22">
{{cite news | title = Australian short selling ban goes further than other bourses | publisher = ''NBR'' | date = [[2008-09-22]] | url = http://www.nbr.co.nz/article/australian-short-selling-ban-goes-further-other-bourses-35494 | accessdate = 2008-09-22 }}
</ref>
Some restoration of market confidence occurred with the publicity surrounding efforts of the Treasury and the [[Securities Exchange Commission]]<ref>
[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/20/business/economy/20cndleadall.html "Stocks Surge as U.S. Acts to Shore Up Money Funds and Limits Short Selling"] article by Graham Bowley in ''[[The New York Times]]'' September 19, 2008
</ref><ref>
[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/20/washington/19cnd-cong.html "Congressional Leaders Were Stunned by Warnings"] article by David M. Herszenhorn in ''[[The New York Times]]'' September 19, 2008
</ref>


'''Bore x Stroke:''' 70 x 48.6mm
===Troubled Asset Relief Program===
{{main|Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008}}
On September 19, 2008, a plan intended to ameliorate the difficulties caused by the [[subprime mortgage crisis]] was proposed by the Secreatry of the Treasury, [[Henry Paulson]]. He proposed a [[Troubled Asset Relief Program]] (later incorporated into the [[Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008]]) which would permit for the United States government to purchase [[Market liquidity|illiquid assets]] (also termed ''toxic assets'') from financial institutions.<ref>
[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/19/business/19fed.html "Vast Bailout by U.S. Proposed in Bid to Stem Financial Crisis"] article by Edmund L. Andrews in ''[[The New York Times]]'' September 18, 2008
</ref><ref>
[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/20/business/economy/20paulson.html "Paulson Argues for Need to Buy Mortgages"] article by David Stout in ''[[The New York Times]]'' September 19, 2008
</ref>
The value of the securities is extremely difficult to determine.<ref name= 'NYT=Bjaj-2008-09-24'>
[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/25/business/25value.html "Plan’s Mystery: What’s All This Stuff Worth?"] article by Vikas Bajaj in ''[[The New York Times]]'' September 24, 2008
</ref>
Consultations of between the [[Secretary of the Treasury]], the [[Chairman of the Federal Reserve]], and the Chairman of the [[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]], Congressional leaders and the [[President of the United States]] moved forward plans to advance a comprehensive solution to the problems created by illiquid mortgage-backed securities. At the close of the week the Secretary of the Treasury and President Bush announced a proposal for the federal government to buy up to US$700 billion of illiquid [[mortgage backed securities]] with the intent to increase the liquidity of the [[secondary mortgage market]]s and reduce potential losses encountered by financial institutions owning the securities. The draft proposal of the plan was received favorably by investors in the stock market. Details of the bailout remained to be acted upon by Congress.<ref>
[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/20/business/20fed.html "Bush Officials Urge Swift Action on Rescue Powers}"] article by Edmund L. Andrews in ''[[The New York Times]]'' September 19, 2008
</ref><ref>
[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/21/business/21draftcnd.html Draft Proposal for Bailout Plan] (September 21, 2008). ''New York Times''
</ref><ref>
[http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/business/AP-Financial-Meltdown.html "Rescue Plan Seeks $700 Billion to Buy Bad Mortgages"] article by [[The Associated Press]] in ''[[The New York Times]]'' September 20, 2008
</ref><ref>
[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/21/business/21cong.html "$700 Billion Is Sought for Wall Street in Vast Bailout"] article by David M. Herszenhorn in ''[[The New York Times]]'' September 20, 2008
</ref>


'''Displacement:''' 748cc
==Week of September 21, 2008==


'''Compression:''' 10.5 to 1
On Sunday, September 21, the two remaining investment banks, [[Goldman Sachs]] and [[Morgan Stanley]], with the approval of the Federal Reserve, converted to [[bank holding company|bank holding companies]], a status subject to more regulation, but with readier access to capital.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/22/business/22bank.html "Shift for Goldman and Morgan Marks the End of an Era"] article by Andrew Ross Sorkin and Vikas Bajaj in ''[[The New York Times]]'' September 21, 2008</ref> On September 21, Treasury Secretary [[Henry Paulson]] announced that the original proposal, which would have excluded foreign banks, had been widened to include foreign financial institutions with a presence in the US. The US administration was pressuring other countries to set up similar bailout plans.<ref>{{Cite news
| last = Schwartz
| first = Nelson D.
| coauthors = Carter Dougherty
| title = Foreign Banks Hope Bailout Will Be Global
| work = The New York Times
| date = 2008-09-22
| url = http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/22/business/22global.html?hp
}}</ref> On Monday and Tuesday during the week of September 22, appearances were made by by the Secretary of the Treasury and the Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve before Congressional committees and on Wednesday a prime time presidential address was delivered by the President of the United States on television. Behind the scenes, negotiations were held refining the proposal which had grown to 42 pages from its original 3 and was reported to include both an oversight structure and limitations on executive salaries, with other provisions under consideration. On September 25, agreement was reported by congressional leaders on the basics of the package;<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/26/business/26bush.html "Lawmakers Agree on Outline of Bailout"] article by David M. Herszenhorn in ''[[The New York Times]]'' September 25, 2008</ref> however, general and vocal opposition to the proposal was voiced by the public.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/25/business/25voices.html "Lawmakers’ Constituents Make Their Bailout Views Loud and Clear"] article by Sheryl Gay Stolberg in ''[[The New York Times]]'' September 24, 2008</ref> On Thursday afternoon at a White House meeting attended by congressional leaders and the presidential candidates, John McCain and Barack Obama, it became clear that there was no congressional consensus, with Republican representatives and the ranking member of the Senate Banking Committee, [[Richard C. Shelby]], strongly opposing the proposal.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/26/business/26bailout.html "Talks Implode During Day of Chaos; Fate of Bailout Plan Remains Unresolved"] article by David M. Herszenhorn, Carl Hulse, and Sheryl Gay Stolberg in ''[[The New York Times]]'' September 25, 2008</ref> The alternative advanced by conservative House Republicans was to create a system of mortgage insurance funded by fees on those holding mortgages; as the working week ended, negotiations continued on the plan, which had grown to 102 pages and included mortgage insurance as an option.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/27/business/27repubs.html "Conservatives Viewed Bailout Plan as Last Straw"] article by Carl Hulse in ''[[The New York Times]]'' September 26, 2008</ref><ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/27/business/27cong.html "Politics Take Hold of Bailout Proposal"] article by David M. Herszenhorn in ''[[The New York Times]] September 26, 2008</ref><ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/27/business/27plan.html "House Republicans Support a Plan That Would Insure Troubled Mortgages"] article by Edmund L. Andrews in ''[[The New York Times]]'' September 26, 2008</ref> On Thursday evening [[Washington Mutual]], the nation's largest savings and loan, was seized by the [[Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation]] and most of its assets transferred to [[JPMorgan Chase]].<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/26/business/26wamu.html "Government Seizes WaMu and Sells Some Assets"] article by Eric Dash and Andrew Ross Sorkin in ''[[The New York Times]]''</ref> [[Wachovia]], one of the largest US banks, was reported to be in negotiations with [[Citigroup]] and other financial institutions.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/27/business/27bank.html "Wachovia, Looking for Help, Turns to Citigroup"] article by Ben White and Eric Dash in ''[[The New York Times]] September 26, 2008</ref>


'''Carburetion:''' (4) 32mm Keihin CV
==Week of September 28, 2008==


'''Air Filter:''' Pleated Paper
Early into Sunday morning an announcement was made by the United States Secretary of the Treasury and congressional leaders that agreement had been reached on all major issues: the total amount of $700 billion remained with provision for the option of creating a scheme of mortgage insurance.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/28/business/28bailout.html "Breakthrough Reached in Negotiations on Bailout"] article by David M. Herszenhorn and Carl Hulse in ''[[The New York Times]]'' September 27, 2008</ref>


'''Ignition:''' Transistorized Electronic
It was reported on Sunday, September 28, that a rescue plan had been crafted for the British mortgage lender [[Bradford & Bingley]].<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/29/business/worldbusiness/29britbank.html "Britain Close to Takeover of Another Lender"] article by Landon Thomas, Jr. in ''[[The New York Times]]'' September 28, 2008</ref>


'''Claimed Power:''' 80.3 bhp @ 9500rpm
[[Grupo Santander]], the largest bank in Spain, is slated to take over the offices and savings accounts while the mortgage and loans business will be nationalized.<ref>[[The Times]]. [http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/banking_and_finance/article4842950.ece "Taxpayers must risk billions for Bradford & Bingley"] article by Philip Webster, Patrick Hosking and Tim Reid in ''[[The Times of London]]'' September 29, 2008</ref>


'''Claimed Torque:''' 46.2 lb ft @ 8000rpm
[[Fortis (finance)|Fortis]], a huge [[Benelux]] banking and finance company was partially nationalized on September 28, 2008, with [[Belgium]], the [[Netherlands]] and [[Luxembourg]] investing a total of 11.2 billion euros (16.3 billion U.S. dollars) in the bank. Belgium will purchase 49% of Fortis's Belgian division, with the Netherlands doing the same for the Dutch division. Luxembourg has agreed to a loan convertible into a 49% share of Fortis's Luxembourg division.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=ahlKDjeO0Lik&refer=home
|title=Fortis Gets EU11.2 Billion Rescue From Governments
|publisher=Bloomberg
|date=2008-09-29
|accessdate=2008-09-29
|first=Martijn
|last=van der Starre
|coauthors=Meera Louis
}}</ref>


'''Lubrication:''' Wel Sump
It was reported on Monday morning, September 29, that [[Wachovia]], the 4th largest bank in the United States, would be acquired by [[Citigroup]].<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://dealbook.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/09/29/citigroup-nears-a-deal-for-wachovia/index.html
|title=Citigroup to Buy Wachovia Banking Operations
|publisher=The New York Times blog Dealbook
|date=2008-09-30
|accessdate=2008-09-29
|first=Andrew Ross
|last=Sorkin
|coauthors=
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/29/business/29bank.html
|title=Citigroup and Wells Fargo Said to Be Bidding for Wachovia
|publisher=The New York Times
|date=2008-09-28
|accessdate=2008-09-29
|first=Andrew Ross
|last=Sorkin
|coauthors=Eric Dash
}}</ref>


'''Oil Capacity:''' 3.2qt
On Monday the German finance minister announced a rescue of [[Hypo Real Estate]], a [[Munich]]-based holding company comprised of a number of real estate financing banks, but the deal collapsed on Saturday, 4 October.


'''Fuel Capacity:''' 3.7 gal.
The same day the government of Iceland nationalized [[Glitnir (bank)|Glitnir]], [[Iceland|Iceland’s]] third largest lender.<ref>[http://www.glitnir.is/english/about-glitnir/news/detail/item14983/The_government_of_Iceland_acquires_75_percent_share_in_Glitnir_Bank/ Glitnir, ''About Glitnir, News: 29.09.2008, The government of Iceland acquires 75 percent share in Glitnir Bank'']</ref><ref>[http://eng.forsaetisraduneyti.is/news-and-articles/nr/3016 Prime Minister's Office, ''News and Articles: The Government of Iceland provides Glitnir with new equity (9/29/08)'']</ref>


'''Starter:''' Electric
Stocks fell dramatically Monday in Europe and the US despite infusion of funds into the market for short term credit.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/d925b966-8dec-11dd-8089-0000779fd18c.html
|title=Heavy stock losses after Fed action
|publisher=The Financial Times
|date=2008-09-29
|accessdate=2008-09-29
|first=Michael
|last=Hunter
|coauthors=Neil Dennis
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/f9525dd4-8d24-11dd-83d5-0000779fd18c.html
|title=Central banks pump cash into system
|publisher=The Financial Times
|date=2008-09-29
|accessdate=2008-09-29
|first=James
|last=Politi
|coauthors=Krishna Guha, Daniel Dombey and Harvey Morris
}}</ref>


'''Electrical Power:''' 300w Alternator
The U.S. bailout plan, now named the [[Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008]] and expanded to 110 pages was slated for consideration in the House of Representatives on Monday, September 29 as HR 3997 and in the Senate later in the week.<ref>Information from C-Span September 29, 2008</ref><ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/29/business/29bailout.html
|title=Bailout Plan in Hand, House Braces for Tough Vote
|publisher=The New York Times
|date=2008-09-28
|accessdate=2008-09-29
|first=Carl
|last=Hulse
|coauthors=David M. Herszenhorn
}}</ref> The plan failed after the vote being held open for 40 minutes in the House of Representatives, 205 for the plan, 228 against.<ref>C-Span 2 PM 9/30/08</ref><ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/30/business/30bailout.html
|title=House Rejects Bailout Package, 228-205, But New Vote Is Planned; Stocks Plunge
|publisher=The New York Times
|date=2008-09-29
|accessdate=2008-09-29
|first=Carl
|last=Hulse
|coauthors=David M. Herszenhorn
}}</ref> Meanwhile US stock markets suffered steep declines, the Dow losing 300 points in a matter of minutes, ending down 777.68, the Nasdaq losing 199.61, falling below the 2000 point mark, and the S.&P. 500 off 8.77% for the day.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/30/business/30markets.html
|title=For Stocks, Worst Single-Day Drop in Two Decades
|publisher=The New York Times
|date=2008-09-29
|accessdate=2008-09-29
|first=Michael M.
|last=Grynbaum
|coauthors=
}}</ref> By the end of the day, the Dow suffered the largest drop in the history of the index.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://money.cnn.com/2008/09/29/markets/markets_newyork/index.htm?postversion=2008092916|publisher=[[CNN Money]]|title=Stocks crushed|first=Alexandra|last=Twin|date=2008-09-29|accessdate=2008-09-29}}</ref> The S&P 500 Banking Index fell 14% on September 29 with drops in the stock value of a number of US banks generally considered sound, including [[Bank of New York Mellon Corporation|Bank of New York Mellon]], [[State Street Corporation|State Street]] and [[Northern Trust]]; three Ohio banks, [[National City Corp.|National City]], [[Fifth Third Bank|Fifth Third]], and [[KeyBank]] were down dramatically.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://money.cnn.com/2008/09/29/news/companies/bank_failures/index.htm
|title=Wondering which bank is next: Analysts brace for more bank failures after Wachovia sells out banking assets to Citi; bank stocks plunge after House rejects bailout bill.
|publisher=CNN Money
|date=2008-09-29
|accessdate=2008-09-29
|first=Aaron
|last=Smith
|coauthors=
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/30/business/30citi.html
|title=With Wachovia Sale, the Banking Crisis Trickles Up
|publisher=The New York Times
|date=2008-09-29
|accessdate=2008-09-29
|first=Eric
|last=Dash
|coauthors=
}}</ref>


'''Battery:''' 12v 18ah
On Tuesday, September 30, stocks rebounded but credit markets remained tight with the [[London Interbank Offered Rate]] (overnight dollar Libor) rising 4.7% to 6.88%.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/17ce4468-8f22-11dd-946c-0000779fd18c.html
|title=Banking’s crisis of confidence deepens
|publisher=The Financial Times
|date=2008-09-30
|accessdate=2008-09-30
|first=Krishna
|last=Guha
|coauthors=Harvey Morris and James Politi in Washington and Paul J Davies
}}</ref>


'''Headlight:''' 45/65w Halogen
On Tuesday, September 30, 9 billion was made available by the French, Belgian and Luxembourg governments to the French-Belgian bank [[Dexia]].<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/116457fe-8ebc-11dd-946c-0000779fd18c.html
|title=Dexia receives €6.4bn capital injection
|publisher=The Financial Times
|date=2008-09-30
|accessdate=2008-09-30
|first=Scheherazade
|last=Daneshkhu
|coauthors=Ben Hall
}}</ref>


'''Transmission:''' 6 speed
After Irish banks came under pressure on Monday, September 29, the Irish government undertook a two year "guarantee arrangement to safeguard all deposits (retail, commercial, institutional and inter-bank), covered bonds, senior debt and dated subordinated debt (lower tier II)" of 6 Irish banks: [[Allied Irish Banks]], [[Bank of Ireland]], [[Anglo Irish Bank]], [[Irish Life and Permanent]], [[Irish Nationwide]] and the [[EBS Building Society]]; the potential liability involved is about 400 billion dollars.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2008/1001/1222724598521.html
|title=Government statement (of the Government of Ireland)
|publisher=The Irish Times
|date=2008-10-01
|accessdate=2008-10-01
|first=
|last=
|coauthors=
}}</ref>


'''Primary Drive:''' Straight-cut Gear
The United States Senate's version of the $700 billion bailout plan, [[HR1424]], modified to expand bank deposit guarantees to $250,000 and to include $100 billion in tax breaks for businesses and [[alternative energy]], passed with bi-partisan support 74-25 on October 1st.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/02/business/02bailout.html
|title=Adding Sweeteners, Senate Passes Bailout Plan
|publisher=The New York Times
|date=2008-10-01
|accessdate=2008-10-01
|first=Carl
|last=Hulse
|coauthors=David M. Herszenhorn
}}</ref> Reaction in the House was mixed,<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/02/business/02bailout.html
|title=Senate to Vote Today on the Bailout Plan
|publisher=The New York Times
|date=2008-10-01
|accessdate=2008-10-01
|first=Carl
|last=Hulse
|coauthors=Robert Pear
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=aQzP3B9VG90E
|title=Senate Sets Financial-Rescue Vote, House Decision Likely Friday
|publisher=Bloomberg
|date=2008-10-01
|accessdate=2008-10-01
|first=James
|last=Rowley
|coauthors=Brian Faler
}}</ref> but in a vote on Friday the House of Representatives passed the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, as refashioned by the Senate, 263-171 in a bipartisan vote.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/04/business/economy/04bailout.html
|title=House Approves Bailout on Second Try
|publisher=The New York Times
|date=2008-10-03
|accessdate=2008-10-03
|first=David M.
|last=Herszenhorn
|coauthors=
}}</ref>


'''Clutch:''' Multi-plate wet
Discussions were ongoing in Europe regarding possible remedies for financial instability in Europe leading up to a conference Saturday afternoon in Paris hosted by [[Nicolas Sarkozy]], president of France. [[UniCredit]] of Italy was reported to be the latest bank to come under pressure.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/02/business/worldbusiness/02regulate.html
|title=European Officials Debate Need for a Bailout Package
|publisher=The New York Times
|date=2008-10-01
|accessdate=2008-10-01
|first=Stephen
|last=Castel
|coauthors=Katrin Bennhold
}}</ref> During the night of October 2 Greece followed Ireland's lead and guaranteed all bank deposits.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/banking_and_finance/article4870873.ece
|title=European bank rescue plan in tatters amid savings stampede
|publisher=The Times
|date=2008-10-03
|accessdate=2008-10-03
|first=Patrick
|last=Hosking
|coauthors=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/06/business/06bank.html?ref=todayspaper
}}</ref>


'''Final Drive:''' Shaft (3.18) For 1982-83 and 85-86 (3.40) for 1984
On October 3 it was reported that Wachovia had rejected the previous offer from Citigroup in favor of acquisition by [[Wells Fargo]],<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/04/business/04bank.html
|title=Wells Fargo Swoops In
|publisher=The New York Times
|date=2008-10-03
|accessdate=2008-10-04
|first=Eric
|last=Dash
|coauthors=Ben White
}}</ref> resulting in a legal dispute with Citigroup.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/06/business/06bank.html
|title=Weekend Legal Frenzy Between Citigroup and Wells Fargo for Wachovia
|publisher=The New York Times
|date=2008-10-05
|accessdate=2008-10-06
|first=Eric
|last=Dash
|coauthors=
}}</ref>


'''Gear Ratios;'''
In Britain, the Financial Services Authority announced on October 3 that effective Tuesday, October 7, the amount of the guarantee of bank deposits would be raised to £50,000 from £35,000.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/25915358-9137-11dd-b5cd-0000779fd18c.html
|title=Savings guarantee to rise to £50,000
|publisher=The Financial Times
|date=2008-10-03
|accessdate=2008-10-03
|first=Peter Thal
|last=Larsen
|coauthors=George Parker
}}</ref> On Friday, October 3, the government of the Netherlands took over the Dutch operations of [[Fortis (finance)|Fortis]], replacing the bailout plan of September 28.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/04/business/worldbusiness/04fortis.html
|title=Netherlands Takes Over Some Fortis Operations
|publisher=The New York Times
|date=2008-10-03
|accessdate=2008-10-03
|first=Neson D.
|last=Schwartz
|coauthors=
}}</ref>


6th 4.92
==Week of October 5, 2008==
Over the weekend and on Monday a major banking and financial crisis emerged in Iceland with its currency the krona, dropping 30% against the euro.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/oct/07/iceland.globaleconomy
|title=
Reykjavik battles to save economy
|publisher=The Guardian
|date=2008-10-07
|accessdate=2008-10-06
|first=David
|last=Teather
|coauthors=
}}</ref> At a meeting on Monday night emergency legislation was passed granting broad powers to the government to seize and regulate banks. The [[Landsbanki]] and Glitnir were seized, while [[Kaupthing]] was subjected to a rescue plan.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/banking_and_finance/article4894904.ece
|title=Terror as Iceland faces economic collapse
|publisher=The Times
|date=2008-10-07
|accessdate=2008-10-07
|first=Hildur
|last=Sigurðardóttir
|coauthors=Helen Power and Peter Stiff
}}</ref>


5th 5.89
On October 6, the [[Icelandic Financial Supervisory Authority]] decided temporarily to suspend from trading on regulated markets all financial instruments issued by [[Glitnir (bank)|Glitnir banki hf.]], [[Kaupthing Bank|Kaupþing banki hf.]], [[Landsbanki|Landsbanki Íslands hf.]], [[Straumur Investment Bank|Straumur-Burðarás fjárfestingarbanki hf.]], Spron hf., and Exista hf.<ref>[http://www.fme.is/?PageID=581&NewsID=328 The Financial Supervisory Authority - Iceland, ''News: Temporary suspension from trading'' (06.10.2008)] {{en icon}}</ref>


4th 7.05
Before the opening of the business day, October 6. [[BNP Paribas]], the French bank, assumed control of the remaining assets of Fortis following Dutch nationalization of the operations of the bank in The Netherlands.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/1523014a-9323-11dd-98b5-0000779fd18c.html
|title=BNP to take control of Fortis
|publisher=The Financial Times
|date=2008-10-06
|accessdate=2008-10-06
|first=Micheal
|last=Steen
|coauthors=Joshua Chaffin and Peter Thal Larsen
}}</ref> Denmark, Austria, and possibly Germany, joined Ireland and Greece in guaranteeing bank deposits on Monday, October 6.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/06/business/06markets.html
|title=Financial Crises Spread in Europe
|publisher=The New York Times
|date=2008-10-05
|accessdate=2008-10-06
|first=Carter
|last=Dougherty
|coauthors=Nelson Schwartz and Floyd Norris
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/d895ef54-92ef-11dd-98b5-0000779fd18c.html
|title=Germany guarantees savings
|publisher=The Financial Times
|date=2008-10-05
|accessdate=2008-10-06
|first=Bertrand
|last=Benoit
|coauthors=James Wilson
}}</ref> Following this, the FTSE100 index of leading British shares took its worst one-day hit in history <ref>BBC. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7655288.stm Stocks slide despite reassurances]. retrieved 2008-10-06</ref>. A banking Bill easing rescues is slated for introduction in the British Parliament on Tuesday, October 7.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/economics/article4888248.ece
|title=German savings pledge raises stakes for Gordon Brown
|publisher=The Times
|date=2008-10-06
|accessdate=2008-10-06
|first=Francis
|last=Elliott
|coauthors=Christine Seib
}}</ref> On 6 October German chancellor [[Angela Merkel]] pledged that the government would guarantee all German private bank savings. The government also announced a revised bailout plan for German mortgage lender Hypo Real Estate (HRE).<ref>[[Deutsche Welle]]. http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,3694172,00.html German Government Under Pressure to Deliver on Crisis Promise] (English) Retrieved 2008-10-06</ref><ref>[[Deutsche Welle]]. [http://www.dw-world.de/popups/popup_single_mediaplayer/0,,3692883_type_video_struct_1432,00.html?mytitle=Berlin%2Bhas%2BGiven%2Ba%2BBlanket%2BGuarantee%2Bfor%2Ball%2BPrivate%2BBank%2BSavings Berlin has Given a Blanket Guarantee for all Private Bank Savings]. (English) Retrieved 2008-10-06. (video, English) Merkel: "we also pledge that those who have conducted business irresponsibly will be held to account. The government will ensure that that happens."</ref><ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/389588ae-93ce-11dd-9a63-0000779fd18c.html
|title=Berlin shrugs off attacks on savings pledge
|publisher=The Financial Times
|date=2008-10-06
|accessdate=2008-10-06
|first=Bertrand
|last=Benoitt
|coauthors=George Parker
}}</ref> On Monday, October 6, the Dow Jones Industrial Average closed below 10,000, a drop of 30% from its high above 14,000 a year earlier on October 9, 2007.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/07/business/07markets.html
|title=Chaotic Day Ends With Stocks Off 3.8%
|publisher=The New York Times
|date=2008-10-06
|accessdate=2008-10-06
|first=Micheal M.
|last=Grynbaum
|coauthors=
}}</ref> In Brazil and Russia trading was suspended on Monday following dramatic drops in their markets.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/banking_and_finance/article4895024.ece
|title=Banking crisis: the world takes fright
|publisher=The Times
|date=2008-10-07
|accessdate=2008-10-07
|first=Patrick
|last=Hosking
|coauthors=
}}</ref>


3rd 8.48
On October 7, the [[Icelandic Financial Supervisory Authority]] took control of [[Landsbanki]].<ref>[http://www.fme.is/?PageID=581&NewsID=331 The Financial Supervisory Authority - Iceland, ''News: Based on New Legislation, the Icelandic Financial Supervisory Authority (IFSA) Proceeds to take Control of Landsbanki to ensure Continued Commercial Bank Operations in Iceland'' (07.10.2008)]</ref> <ref>[http://www.landsbanki.is/english/aboutlandsbanki/pressreleases/?GroupID=720&NewsID=13284&y=0&p=1 Landsbanki Íslands, ''Press release: Landsbanki's Operations Continued Under Unchanged Management'' (October 07, 2008)]</ref> On the same day, [[the Central Bank of Iceland]] announced that [[Russia]] had agreed to provide a four-billion-[[euro]] loan,<ref>[http://www.sedlabanki.is/?PageID=287&NewsID=1869 Central Bank of Iceland, ''The Foreign Exchange Reserves of the Central Bank of Iceland bolstered'' (07.10.2008; No. 31/2008)]</ref><ref>[http://www.sedlabanki.is/?PageID=287&NewsID=1874 Central Bank of Iceland, ''Foreign exchange reserves'' (07.10.2008; No. 33/2008)]</ref> however this was soon denied by Russian authorities, and the Icelandic Finance Minister had to correct the earlier announcement and now stated that discussions had been initiated with Russia on providing a loan to Iceland. This was also denied by Russian Deputy Finance Minister [[Dmitry Pankin]]. Late in the evening, however, Russia's Finance Minister [[Alexei Kudrin]] did concede that a request had been received, to which Russia was positive, and that discussions on financial matters would be conducted later in the week when an Icelandic delegation was expected to arrive in Moscow.<ref name="RD">{{cite news |first= Polya |last= lesova |authorlink= |title= Iceland takes dramatic steps to stabilize economy |url= http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/icelands-economic-stabilization-efforts-melt-down/story.aspx?guid={B4AA0766-A3A9-41F6-92CF-BBF0406F8147}&dist=msr_11 |work= [[Russia Today]] |location= Moscow |date=2008-10-07 |accessdate=2008-10-07}}</ref> [[Standard & Poor's]] also cut Iceland's foreign-currency sovereign [[credit rating]] from A-/A-2 to BBB/A-3 and local-currency sovereign credit rating from A+/A-1 to BBB+/A-2. S&P also lowered Iceland's banking industry country risk assessment from group 5 to group 8, worrying that "In a severe recession scenario, the cumulative amount of nonperforming and restructured loans could reach 35% to 50% of total outstanding loans in Iceland.<ref name="RD"/><!-- suggest moving above Iceland paragraphs to subsection or its own article and leave short one sentence summary here. --><!--Yes, this article should eventually contain only a summary of events. It does little harm during the current event, but blow by blow should eventually be moved to articles where detail is appropriate -->


2nd 10.63
The same day, the Russian president pledged a credit line of [[USD]] 36 billion to the country's banks.<ref name="BBCOct7"/> Several countries announced new or increased deposit guarantees: Taiwan outlined plans to double the guarantee to NT$3 million ($92,000)<ref>International Herald Tribune. [http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/10/07/business/AS-Taiwan-Banks.php Taiwan doubles bank deposit insurance]. Retrieved 2008-10-07</ref> and the European Union agreed to increase guarantees across the EU to at least €50,000 per saver. Several EU states then announced increases on top of this minimum: Netherlands, Spain and Belgium each announced they would guarantee up to €100,000.<ref name="BBCOct7">{{cite news |authorlink=[[BBC news]] |title=Financial crisis at-a-glance: 7 Oct |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7656212.stm
|date=2008-10-07 |accessdate=2008-10-07}}</ref>


1st 15.06
The government of Britain announced on Wednesday morning, October 8 that it would make £25 billion available as "[[Tier 1 capital]]" ([[Preferred stock|preference share capital]] or "PIBS") to the following financial institutions: [[Abbey (bank)|Abbey]], [[Barclays plc|Barclays]], [[HBOS]], [[HSBC Bank (Europe)|HSBC Bank plc]], [[Lloyds TSB]], [[Nationwide Building Society]], [[Royal Bank of Scotland Group|Royal Bank of Scotland]], and [[Standard Chartered Bank|Standard Chartered]]. An additional £25 billion will be made available to other financial institutions, including British subsidiaries of foreign banks. "In reviewing these applications the Government will give due regard to an institution's role in the UK banking system and the overall economy". The plan included increased ability to borrow from the government, offered assistance in raising equity, and a statement of support for international efforts.<ref>{{cite news

|url=
'''Suspension:'''
http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2008/oct/08/creditcrunch.banking1/article4895024.ece

|title=Treasury's official announcement on the banks
Front: Telescopic anti-dive
|publisher=The Guardian

|date=2008-10-08
Travel: 5.5in
|accessdate=2008-10-08

|first=[[HM Treasury]]
Rear: Swing Arm
|last=

|coauthors=
Travel: 3.9in
}}</ref> The plan has been characterized as partial [[nationalization]].<ref>{{cite news

|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2008/oct/08/creditcrunch.banking
'''Tires:'''
|title=Government to spend £50bn to part-nationalise UK's banks

|publisher=The Guardian
Front: 110/90-18
|date=2008-10-08

|accessdate=2008-10-08
Rear: 130/90-16
|first=Graeme

|last=Wearden
'''Brakes:'''
|coauthors=

Front: Duel 10.8in disc

Rear: 6.25in Drum

'''Brake Swept Area:''' 161sq. in

'''Brake Loading:''' 4.2lb /sq. in

'''Wheelbase:''' 60.6 in

'''Rake/Trail:''' 30 /4.1in

'''Handlebar Width:''' 29in

'''Seat Height:''' 30in

'''Seat Width:''' 11in

'''Foot-peg Height:''' 12in

'''Ground Clearance:''' 6.5in

'''GVWR:''' 890lb

'''Load Capacity:''' 372lb

== '''"Performance"''' ==
<ref>Cycle World May 1982 http://www.sunley.ca/cwv45-8.gif</ref>
From Cycle World May 1982

'''Test weight W/half tank Fuel:''' 518lb

'''Standing 1/4 mile:''' 12.08sec @ 108.82mph

'''Top Speed 1/2 mile:''' 122mph

'''Fuel Consumption:''' 46m pg

'''Range (to Reserve)''' 120miles

'''Acceleration:'''

0-30mph 1.8sec

0-40mph 2.7sec

0-50mph 3.6sec

0-60mph 4.6sec

0-70mph 5.5sec

0-80mph 6.6sec

0-90mph 7.8sec

0-100mph 9.6sec

'''Top Gear Acceleration:'''

40-60mph 4.8sec

60-80mph 5.5sec

'''Speedometer Error'''

30mph indicated 28mph

60mph indicated 57mph

'''Braking Distance:'''

From 30mph 27ft

From 60mph 125ft

'''Engine RPM @ 60mph''' 4082RMP

==Magna V30 VF500C (1984-1985)==

[[Image:Honda VF500C 84.jpg|right|thumb|300px|1984 Honda Magna V30]]

The Honda VF500 is one of Honda's second generation [[V4]] motorcycle engines produced in a series of motorcycles designated with [[Honda VF and VFR|VF and VFR]] initials. For 1984-1986, Honda produced the 498 cm3, V4 DOHC VF500 for the VF500C Magna V30 and its sister bike, the [[Honda VF500F|VF500F]]. This engine is an evolution of Honda's original domestic market 400cc engine, originally deemed too small and underpowered for certain markets - notably the United States and Europe. Focusing on adding power and versatility to its motorcycle offerings, Honda bored the original 400cc motor and improved its power and performance. The engine is almost entirely identical to the version in the Interceptor [[Honda VF500F|VF500F]] sport bike, and while Honda sold the VF500C Magna in the United States, it advertised it as the "most powerful midsize custom in the world".<ref>{{cite web
| title = Honda VF500 Magna print ad
| url = http://www.vf750fd.com/blurbs/brochures/honda/1984/vf500c_magna/1984_vf500c_magna_3.jpg
| accessdate = 2008-01-08
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


This standard motorcycle was introduced as a balanced bike that was just as enjoyable yet easier to ride in town than its larger Magna siblings, with good power and a broad torque band. Thanks to its V4 design, power in the 500 engine is not peaky and ample torque can be found throughout the rev band, and the six speed transmission ratio was unique to this bike versus the ratio on the VF500F.<ref>{{cite web
On Wednesday, October 8, the [[European Central Bank]], [[Bank of England]], [[Federal Reserve]], [[Bank of Canada]], [[Sveriges Riksbank|Swedish Riksbank]] and [[Swiss National Bank]] all announced simultaneous cuts of 0.5% to their base rates at 11:00 UTC. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/press/monetary/20081008a.htm|title=Federal Reserve and other central banks announce reductions in policy interest rates|accessdate=2008-10-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bankofcanada.ca/en/press/2008/pr08-21.html|title=Central banks announce reductions in policy interest rates|accessdate=2008-10-08|date=2008-10-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ecb.int/home/html/index.en.html|title=ECB homepage|date=2008-10-08|accessdate=2008-10-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7658958.stm|title=BBC News - Central banks cut interest rates|accessdate=2008-10-08}}</ref> Shortly afterwards, the [[People's Bank of China|Central Bank of the People's Republic of China]] also cut interest rates.<ref> [http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90776/90884/6511768.html China's central bank cuts reserve requirement ratio, interest rate to stimulate economy], People's Daily Online, Retrieved 2008-10-08 </ref> On October 8 there were sharp losses on stock markets worldwide with a loss of over 9% in Japan. Trading was suspended in Russia and Indonesia after steep morning losses. In the United States, following the funds cut by the Federal Reserve, stocks were volatile, finishing down.<ref>{{cite news
| title = Honda VF500 Magna and Interceptor
|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/09/business/09markets.html
| url = http://www.vf750fd.com/vf750f/vin_5.html
|title=For Dow, Final Swing Was Down
| accessdate = 2008-01-08
|publisher=The New York Times
}}</ref> The engine produced between 64-68 horsepower, and combined with its low weight and low center of gravity, the bike was lauded by critics as an easy to ride and entertaining motorcycle.<ref>{{cite web
|date=2008-10-08
| title = Honda VF500 Magna and Interceptor
|accessdate=2008-10-08
| url = http://www.vf750fd.com/vf750f/vin_5.html
|first=David
| accessdate = 2008-01-08
|last=Jolly
|coauthors=Bettina Wassener and Keith Bradsher
}}</ref> On October 8 the Federal Reserve loaned [[AIG]] $37.8 billion, in addition to the previous loan of $85 billion.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/09/business/economy/09insure.html?hp
|title=Fed Gives A.I.G. $37.8 Billion Loan
|publisher=The New York Times
|date=2008-10-08
|accessdate=2008-10-08
|first=Associated Press
|last=
|coauthors=
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


The Magna had no shaft drive like its larger siblings, but a traditional chain drive, making the bike more reliable and less costly to maintain.<ref>{{cite web
On Wednesday night, October 8, the [[Central Bank of Iceland]] abandoned its attempt to peg the [[Icelandic króna]] at 131 króna to the euro after trying to set this peg on Monday, October 6.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/home/2008/10/08/iceland-sovereign-currency-markets-currency-cx_po_1008markets28.html|title=Iceland Teeters On Bankruptcy|publisher=Forbes|date=2008-10-09|accessdate=2008-10-08}}</ref>
| title = Honda VF500 Magna and Interceptor
| url = http://www.vf750fd.com/vf750f/vin_5.html
| accessdate = 2008-01-08
}}</ref> As well, unlike the larger displacement V-four motors, the VF500 did not suffer from the oil cooling issues of the larger V-four motors (the larger dispacement engines would not send sufficient oil to the cam lobes under 3,000 rpm, causing premature wear), yet the VF500 was still phased out as Honda reworked its technical designs for all its VF motors and cut down on its number of competing models in the market to keep from cannibalizing its sales. Today the bikes have a small but loyal following for their great handling and reliability.

''Specifications:''

* 1984 retail MSRP: $2,598 (USA Dollars)
* Honda specified 64 horsepower
* Max torque is 31.7 at 10,500 rpm
* Standing-start quarter mile - 12.9 sec at 103 mph
* 0-60 in 3.9 seconds
* 60-0 in 120.6 feet
* Fuel economy - 45.3 mpg
* Cruising range (main /reserve) - 113/41 miles

''Engine''

* Four-stroke, 90 degree V4 (V-four)
* Liquid cooled, dual overhead chain drive camshafts
* 32mm CV Carburetors
* Four valves per cylinder
* Bore and stroke - 60x44 mm
* Compression ratio 11.0:1
* Oil capacity 3.2 quarts
* 12,000 rpm redline
* Six-speed transmission, wet clutch
* Automatic cam-chain tensioners
* Self-adjusting hydraulic clutch

''Chassis''

* Double downtube, full cradle, with swingarm
* Front suspension is leading axle, air adjustable fork, 37mm tubes, 6.3 inches of travel
* Rear suspension is dual shock absorbers, 4.3 inches of travel
* Comcast wheels
* Wheelbase is 59 inches
* Front wheel is 18 inches
* Rake and trail - 35.1 and 4.4
* Front brake is hydraulic, sigle disc, twin piston caliper

* Available colors were black and dark red
* Saddle is 29-20 inches from the ground
* Ground clearance is 5.6 inches
* Fuel capacity main/reserve is 2.5/0.9 gallons
* Curb weight is 439 pounds

''Electrical''

* Power source is three-phase AC generator
* Solid state voltage regulator charge control
* Headlight high/low is 60/55 watts, halogen
* Tailights/stop is 8/27 watts
* Battery is 12V 12AH

''Instruments''

* Speedometer
* Odometer
* Trip meter
* Tachometer (redline starts at 11,500)
* Coolant temperature gauge
* Warning light for low fuel
* Warning light for low oil pressure
* Warning for taillight out
* Neutral gear indicator
* High beam indicator
* Turn signals

''Optional Equipment''
* Windshield
* Luggage rack
* Engine guard
* Sissy bar and optonal pouch
* Soft leather saddlebags
* Cover

''Changes by year''
* Two colors were available each year: Candy Andromeda Red and Black in 1984, and Candy Wineberry Red and Black in 1985
* The "HONDA" fuel tank logo was straight in 1984, and curved up in 1985


Facts from Cycle Magazine, July 1984<ref>{{cite web
| title = Honda VF500 Magna and Interceptor
| url = http://www.vf750fd.com/vf750f/vin_5.html
| accessdate = 2008-01-08
}}</ref>


The 1984 California serial number began JH2PC1317EM000004 while the rest of the United States models began JH2PC1300EM000028. In 1985, the serial number began JH2PC1306FM100001.
On Thursday, October 9, the [[Icelandic Financial Supervisory Authority]] took control of the country's biggest bank [[Kaupthing Bank|Kaupþing banki hf.]].<ref>[http://www.fme.is/?PageID=581&NewsID=340 The Financial Supervisory Authority - Iceland, ''News: Based on New Legislation, the Icelandic Financial Supervisory Authority (FME) Proceeds to take Control of Kaupþing to ensure Continued Commercial Bank Operations in Iceland'' (09.10.2008)]</ref> <ref>[http://www.kaupthing.com/pages/164?path=K/133944/PR/200810/1258139.xml Kaupthing Bank, ''Press release: Kaupthing Bank turns to the Icelandic FSA'' (2008.10.09)]</ref><ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/09/business/worldbusiness/09icebank.html
|title=In Flailing Iceland, Disbelief and Regret
|publisher=The New York Times
|date=2008-10-09
|accessdate=2008-10-09
|first=Eric
|last=Pfanner
|coauthors=
}}</ref> This occurred when the [[Kaupthing]] Board resigned and asked the national authorities to take control. This came about when "Britain transferred control of the business of [[Kaupthing Edge]], its Internet bank, to [[ING Direct]] and put Kaupthing's UK operations into administration" placing [[Kaupthing]] in technical default according to loan agreements.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/innovationNews/idUSTRE4981SV20081009?sp=true|title=Shellshocked [[Iceland]] takes control of biggest bank|publisher=Reuters|date=2008-10-09|accessdate=2008-10-08}}</ref> This marks an escalating row between [[Iceland]] and the [[United Kingdom]] over the growing crisis.


=="Super" Magna 750 and VF750C (1987-1988)==
==Key risk indicators in September 2008==
[[Image:HondaSuperMagna1.jpg|right|thumb|300px|1987 Honda Super Magna, Canadian-export model]]
[[Image:TED Spread Chart - Data to 9 26 08.png|thumb|The [[TED spread]] – an indicator of credit risk – increased dramatically during September 2008.]]


Various mechanical and cosmetic changes were introduced over the years, but the basic core of the Magna remained the same. However, for the two years the 2G Magna was produced, it was dubbed the Super Magna. In 1987, the 700 cc engine produced 80 bhp (60 kW) @ 9500 rpm, with torque being 46 ft·lbf (62 N·m) @ 7500 rpm. In 1988, the Magna grew back to its original size of 748 cc.
Key risk indicators became highly volatile during September 2008, a factor leading the U.S. government to pass the [[Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008]]. The “TED Spread” is a measure of credit risk for inter-bank lending. It is the difference between: 1) the risk-free three-month U.S. treasury bill rate; and 2) the three-month London Interbank Borrowing Rate (LIBOR), which represents the rate at which banks typically lend to each other. A higher spread indicates banks perceive each other as riskier counterparties. The t-bill is considered "risk-free" because the full faith and credit of the U.S. government is behind it; theoretically, the government could just print money so that the principal is fully repaid at maturity.


On similar fashion the Magna V-four has done the old 750-700-750 two-step. 1982: the 70 x 48.6mm Magna 750 debuts. Quick cuts, 1984: the 70 x 45.4mm 700 (699) arrives. Revival, 1988: back to the original stroke and 748cc displacement. The Magna V-four has endured through the first and second generations of the VF and VFR Interceptors - both come and gone by 1988. Like the original 750 Sabre and VF 750, this 750 Magna engine uses a 360-degree crankshaft and chain-driven double-overhead camshafts. Thus, the VF750C unit is technologically quite different from Honda’s last V-four sport bike engine, the VFR750 Interceptor, which had gear-driven overhead cams and a 180-degree crankshaft.
The TED Spread reached record levels in late September 2008. The diagram indicates that the Treasury yield movement was a more significant driver than the changes in LIBOR. A three month t-bill yield so close to zero means that people are willing to forgo interest just to keep their money (principal) safe for three months--a very high level of risk aversion and indicative of tight lending conditions. Driving this change were investors shifting funds from money market funds (generally considered nearly risk free but paying a slightly higher rate of return than t-bills) and other investment types to t-bills.<ref>[http://wsj.com/article/SB122186683086958875.html?mod=article-outset-box WSJ Article]</ref> These issues are consistent with the September 2008 aspects of the [[subprime mortgage crisis]] which prompted the [[Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008]] signed into law by the U.S. President on October 2, 2008.


The Super's cams are also line-bored (a feature first seen in the Euro 1985 VF1000F & F-II, and 85/86 VF1000R, 1986 VF500F, 1986 VF700C Magna), which greatly reduced the premature cam wear that plagued the earlier models, together with changed oil ducts.
In addition, an increase in LIBOR means that financial instruments with variable interest terms are increasingly expensive. For example, car loans and credit card interest rates are often tied to LIBOR; some estimate as much as $150 trillion in loans and [[Derivative (finance)|derivatives]] are tied to LIBOR.<ref>[http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/libor-jump-ted-spread-show/story.aspx?guid={3632A7B4-4B54-4AF5-86C2-78EFA350E927} Markewatch Article - LIBOR Jumps to Record]</ref> Higher interest rates place additional downward pressure on consumption, increasing the risk of recession.


The 1987 V45 Magna was available in either Candy Wave Blue or Candy Bourgogne Red (1988 dropped Blue in favor of Black), the air cleaner cover was wrinkle black with a "V45" emblem, and the "MAGNA" tank decal was silver. The exhaust system was now an upswept 4-into-4 set of pipes, truly unique in the cruiser world. Although the exhaust pipes were a beautiful sight, they were not friendly to the use of saddlebags as they were too high. The rear wheel was a solid [[aluminum disc]]. The chin fairing was unfinished black plastic for the 87, and color-matched for the 88. The second generation was also the first to have the lower seat height of a mere 27.8 inches (706 mm), more than 4 inches (102 mm) lower than its predecessor. A total of 16,000 units were built for the 1987 model year, while only 3500 were built for 1988. (1987 starting SN JH2RC280*JA100001)
==Global responses==
On September 15, 2008 China cut its interest rate for the first time since 2002.{{Fact|date=September 2008}} Indonesia reduced its overnight repo rate, at which commercial banks can borrow overnight funds from the central bank, by two percentage points to 10.25 percent. The [[Reserve Bank of Australia]] injected nearly $1.5 billion into the banking system, nearly three times as much as the market's estimated requirement. The Reserve Bank of India added almost $1.32 billion, through a refinance operation, its biggest in at least a month.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/09/16/business/cbanks.php|title=Asian central banks spend billions to prevent crash|publisher=[[International Herald Tribune]]|date=[[2008-09-16]]|accessdate=2008-09-21}}
</ref>


''Specifications:''
In Taiwan, the central bank on September 16, 2008 said it would cut its required reserve ratios for the first time in eight years. The central bank added $3.59 billion into the foreign-currency interbank market the same day. Bank of Japan pumped $29.3 billion into the financial system on September 17, 2008 and the Reserve Bank of Australia added $3.45 billion the same day. The [[European Central Bank]] injected $99.8 billion in a one-day money-market auction. The Bank of England pumped in $36 billion. Altogether, central banks throughout the world added more than $200 billion from the beginning of the week to September 17.<ref>
{{cite news|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601101&sid=aTD8INGLUe2Q&refer=japan|title=Japan, Australia Inject $33 Billion to Soothe Markets|publisher=[[Bloomberg]]|date=[[2008-09-17]]|accessdate=2008-09-21}}
</ref>


* Engine: DOHC 4 valve 90 degree V-four
On September 29, 2008 the Belgian, Luxembourg and Dutch authorities partially nationalized [[Fortis (finance)|Fortis]]. The German government bailed out [[Hypo Real Estate]].
* Displacement: 700 cc and 748 cc
* Transmission: 6 speed
* Wet weight: 529 lb (240 kg)
* Seat height: 27.8 in (706 mm)
* Final Drive: Shaft
* Cooling: Liquid
* Brakes: Single disc front, drum rear


=== US responses ===
== Magna 750 (1994-2003)==


[[Image:1999vf750c.jpg|right|thumb|300px|1999 Honda Magna]]
The Federal Reserve, Treasury, and Securities and Exchange Commission took several steps on September 19 to intervene in the crisis. To stop the potential run on money market mutual funds, the Treasury also announced on September 19 a new $50 billion program to insure the investments, similar to the [[Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation]] (FDIC) program.<ref name="Gullapalli"/> Part of the announcements included temporary exceptions to section 23A and 23B (Regulation W), allowing financial groups to more easily share funds within their group. The exceptions would expire on January 30, 2009, unless extended by the [[Federal Reserve Board]].<ref>[http://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/press/monetary/20080919c.htm (Press Release) FRB: Board Approves Two Interim Final Rules], [[Federal Reserve Bank]], September 19, 2008.</ref> The Securities and Exchange Commission announced termination of short-selling of 799 financial stocks, as well as action against [[naked short selling]], as part of its reaction to the mortgage crisis.<ref>Boak, Joshua ([[Chicago Tribune). [http://www.mercurynews.com/markets/ci_10513612 "SEC temporarily suspends short selling"], [[San Jose Mercury News]], September 19, 2008.</ref>


The 'Power Cruisers' category that had been occupied by the [[Kawasaki Heavy Industries|Kawasaki]] [[Kawasaki Eliminator|Eliminator]] and the [[Yamaha Motor Corporation|Yamaha]] [[Yamaha V-Max|V-Max]], (as well as the 1980s Magnas), was bolstered in 1993 with the Magna 750. As an early release 1994 model, Honda sought to capture the market for powerful cruisers by lifting the engine from the [[Honda VFR|VFR750]] and slotting it in a cruiser chassis. The engine itself was beautified by the addition of chrome and some extra fins, and by the chromed 4 into 4 exhaust. The seat was kept very low, at 28 inches, with the passenger seat being detachable. The all new frame was complemented by 41 mm forks, dual shocks, and a single disc on the front. A drum brake was used on the rear. A few internal changes were made to the VFR engine for use in the Magna, including a different crankshaft, a 5 speed transmission and chain driven cams. Smaller carbs were also utilized. The changes resulted in a stronger mid-range pull, and a very broad band of power.
====Loans to banks for asset-backed commercial paper====


The design of the 3rd generation Magna remained relatively unchanged over its lifetime. The tank decal was changed in 1995, and a miniature fairing was available on 1995 and 1996 Deluxe models. The only practical way to tell the year of a Magna from a distance is by its paint scheme, but even that is not a given since only a few colours were rotated through use. The most distinctive paint scheme was a "scalloped" design found on mid-late 1990s models.
[[Image:Money market fund.png|500px|right|How money markets fund corporations]]


2004 saw the demise of the Magna, along with other Honda stablemates such as the V-Twin [[Honda Shadow|Shadow]] ACE and Shadow Spirit, as well as the 6-cylinder [[Honda Valkyrie|Valkyrie]]. All these bikes have a strong following in their respective categories, and their current owners are saddened at the huge loss. However, just as the Magna was discontinued for a number of years between the 2nd and 3rd generations, there is a possibility that a 4th generation is waiting in the wings that would satisfy enthusiasts' desires. This would include dual-disc brakes up front and a single in the rear, extended range between refueling stops, a better stock seat, and upgraded styling{{Fact|date=June 2007}}. It has been suggested that the current iteration of the [[Honda VFR|VFR800]] with [[VTEC]] would make an ideal candidate, while other adherents would like to see the return of the V65 in Magna guise{{Fact|date=June 2007}}.
During the week ending September 19, 2008, [[money market]] mutual funds had begun to experience significant withdrawals of funds by investors. This created a significant risk because money market funds are integral to the ongoing financing of corporations of all types. Individual investors lend money to money market funds, which then provide the funds to corporations in exchange for corporate short-term securities called [[asset-backed commercial paper]] (ABCP). However, a potential [[bank run]] had begun on certain money market funds. If this situation had worsened, the ability of major corporations to secure needed short-term financing through ABCP issuance would have been significantly affected. To assist with liquidity throughout the system, the Treasury and Federal Reserve Bank announced that banks could obtain funds via the Federal Reserve's Discount Window using ABCP as collateral.<ref>Bull, Alister. [http://www.reuters.com/article/ousiv/idUSN1926607920080919 "Fed says to make loans to aid money market funds"], [[Reuters]], September 19, 2008.</ref><ref name="Gullapalli">Gullapalli, Diya and Anand, Shefali. [http://wsj.com/article/SB122186683086958875.html?mod=article-outset-box "Bailout of Money Funds Seems to Stanch Outflow"], [[The Wall Street Journal]], September 20, 2008.</ref>


''Specifications:''
====Legislation====
{{main|Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008}}
The Secretary of the United States Treasury, [[Henry Paulson]] and President [[George W. Bush]] proposed legislation for the government to purchase up to [[$700 billion dollar Treasury fund|US$700 billion of "troubled mortgage-related assets"]] from financial firms in hopes of improving confidence in the mortgage-backed securities markets and the financial firms participating in it.<ref>
{{cite news| url = http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/21/business/21cong.html?bl&ex=1222228800&en=007cf9e8faaaf52a&ei=5087%0A | title = Administration Is Seeking $700 Billion for Wall Street|publisher=[[The New York Times]]|date=[[2008-09-20]]|accessdate=2008-09-25}}
</ref> Discussion, hearings and meetings among legislative leaders and the administration later made clear that the the proposal would undergo significant change before it could be approved by Congress.<ref>
[http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2008/roll674.xml House of Representatives Roll Call vote results]. [[Library of Congress]] [[THOMAS]] website. Retrieved on September 29, 2008.
</ref>
On October 1, a revised compromise version was approved by the Senate with a 74-25 vote, the sole Senator not to vote was cancer-stricken [[Ted Kennedy]] of [[Massachusetts]]. The bill, [[HR1424]] was passed by the House on October 3, 2008 and signed into law.


* Engine Type: 748 cc liquid-cooled 90° V-4
====Fed response====
* Bore and Stroke: 70 by 48.6 mm
On September 29 the [[Federal Reserve]] said that it would double its [[Term Auction Facility]] to $300 billion, increasing its funds available to [[commercial banks]] in an effort to increase liquidity. This should lower the [[fed funds rate]].
* Compression Ratio: 10.8:1
The Fed said it would double the size of its swap facilities with foreign central banks to $620 billion from $290 billion, which should reduce strain on the [[European banking system]], where there is a shortage of US dollars relative to demand.<ref>[http://www.thestreet.com/story/10439813/2/fed-pumps-huge-wads-of-cash-into-system.html]</ref>
* MAX POWER[PS/rpm]: 72 PS / 9500 rpm
* Valve Train: DOHC; 4 valves per cylinder
* Carburetion: Four 34 mm CV
* Ignition: Solid-state digital
* Transmission: 5-speed
* Final Drive: O-ring-sealed chain
* Front Suspension: 41 mm cartridge fork; 150 mm? travel
* Rear Suspension: Dual shocks with 5-way spring preload adjustability; 3.9 inches (100 mm) travel
* Front Brake: 2-piston caliper, 12.4 in (315 mm) disc
* Rear Brake: Single-leading-shoe drum
* Front Tire: 120/80-17 tubeless
* Rear Tire: 150/80-15 tubeless
* Wheelbase: 65.0 inches (1.65 m)
* Rake/trail: 32°/5.2 in (132 mm)
* Seat Height: 28.0 inches (711 mm)
* Dry Weight: 505 pounds (229 kg)
* Wet weight: 539 lb (244 kg)
* Fuel Capacity: 3.6 gallons (13.62 litres), including 0.8 gallon reserve
* Oil Capacity: 3.3 Quarts (3.1 Liters)
* Quarter mile (402 m) acceleration: 12.71 s, 102.9 mph (165.6 km/h)
* 200 yard (183 m) top-gear acceleration from 50 mph (80 km/h), terminal speed: 73.0 mph (117 km/h)


----
== References ==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{reflist}}


==External links and further reading==
==External links==
*[http://www.v4hondabbs.com Honda Magna, Sabre, Interceptor forum (also known as V4Hondabbs)]
* [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/story/2008/09/19/ST2008091901085.html "Five Days That Transformed Wall Street"]
*[http://autos.groups.yahoo.com/group/MagnaMotorcycles Magna Owners newsgroup]
* {{cite news | first = Joe | last= Nocera | coauthors= Andrew Ross Sorkin, Diana B. Henriques, Edmund L. Andrews | title= 36 Hours of Alarm and Action as Crisis Spiraled | date= 2008-10-01 | publisher= | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/02/business/02crisis.html?hp=&pagewanted=all
*[http://www.magnariders.com Magna Riders Association]
| work = New York Times| pages = | accessdate = 2008-10-02 }} (Background on development of the Treasury proposal to Congress)
*[http://www.magnaownersoftexas.org Magna Owners of Texas (MOOT)]
*[http://100megsfree4.com/honda/h0700/magna750.htm 1st and 2nd Generation Magna]
*[http://forums.delphiforums.com/MagnaRider Magna Riders Forum (MRF)]
*[http://www.sabmag.org Honda Sabre, Magna & Interceptor Owner's Group (also known as SabMag)]
*[http://www.supermagna.com The Super Magna Infocenter]
*[http://www.v4honda.com Honda V4 Technical Information Base]
*[http://www.honda-v4.com Classic Honda V4 Info and forum for Scandinavia, Sweden, Denmark, Norway]
*[http://www.honda-v4.com/sabmag/v4honda/oilmod-dd.html Oilmod pictures for Classic V4's 1st gen. engines]
*[http://www.honda-v4.com/sabmag/mcdata.html Frame numbers Classic V4's]
*[http://www.vf750fd.com/vf750f/vin_5.html Honda VF 500 and others magaznine articles and original advertising]


[[Category:Pages needing expert attention]]
{{2008 economic crisis}}
[[Category:Honda motorcycles|Magna]]
{{BankPanicUSA}}
[[Category:2008 in economics]]
[[Category:Financial crises]]
[[Category:United States housing bubble]]


[[ja:ホンダ・マグナ]]
[[es:Crisis de liquidez de septiembre de 2008]]
[[ru:Honda Magna]]
[[fi:Honda Magna]]

Revision as of 08:39, 13 October 2008

Magna V45 VF750C (1982-1986)

The first generation 1982 Honda V45 Magna was available in either Candy Maroon or Candy Imperial Blue.[1] The headlight and fenders are chrome. The front disc brakes have straight grooves, dual piston calipers, and TRAC anti-dive. The speedometer reads 85 mph. The redline is 10K rpm. The engine is a 748 cc DOHC 16-valve liquid-cooled 90 degree V-4 linked to a 6-speed transmission with a hydraulically actuated wet-plate clutch and shaft drive. Compression is high, and the stroke is short.

A milestone in the evolution of motorcycles, the V45's performance is comparable to that of Valkyries and Honda's 1800cc V-twin cruisers. However, its mix of performance, reliability, and refinement was overshadowed by the more powerful 1098cc "V65" Magna in 1983. Honda notoriously emphasized the speed of this bike. This era produced the very fast V-Max by Yamaha. Suzuki also joined in on the v-four cruiser trend with the Madura, mostly noted for having hydraulic valve lifters, as opposed to Honda's DOHC set-up, which was prone to premature wear of the cams.

The 1983 V45 Magna was available in one of two colors and the headlight, instruments, and fenders were chrome. The gas tank and side covers were the basic color (maroon or black). The front disc brake grooves were curved. The speedometer had a 150 mph (240 km/h) limit. The engine was a 748 cc DOHC 4-valve liquid-cooled V-4 linked to a 6-speed transmission and a shaft drive. (1983 starting SN JH2RC071*DM100011)

The US government imposed tariff rate hikes for foreign-built motorcycles in order to combat their rise in sales in North America, and to aid the domestic motorcycle manufacturers, namely Harley-Davidson. So for 1984 Honda responded by reducing the engine size for the 750s, and the Magna became the VF700C in the USA. Colours available for 1984 were either black or Candy Andromeda red.

"Specifications"

[2] From Cycle World May 1982


New List Price: $3295

Engine: Water-cooled dohc 90 degree V-Four

Bore x Stroke: 70 x 48.6mm

Displacement: 748cc

Compression: 10.5 to 1

Carburetion: (4) 32mm Keihin CV

Air Filter: Pleated Paper

Ignition: Transistorized Electronic

Claimed Power: 80.3 bhp @ 9500rpm

Claimed Torque: 46.2 lb ft @ 8000rpm

Lubrication: Wel Sump

Oil Capacity: 3.2qt

Fuel Capacity: 3.7 gal.

Starter: Electric

Electrical Power: 300w Alternator

Battery: 12v 18ah

Headlight: 45/65w Halogen

Transmission: 6 speed

Primary Drive: Straight-cut Gear

Clutch: Multi-plate wet

Final Drive: Shaft (3.18) For 1982-83 and 85-86 (3.40) for 1984

Gear Ratios;

6th 4.92

5th 5.89

4th 7.05

3rd 8.48

2nd 10.63

1st 15.06

Suspension:

Front: Telescopic anti-dive

Travel: 5.5in

Rear: Swing Arm

Travel: 3.9in

Tires:

Front: 110/90-18

Rear: 130/90-16

Brakes:

Front: Duel 10.8in disc

Rear: 6.25in Drum

Brake Swept Area: 161sq. in

Brake Loading: 4.2lb /sq. in

Wheelbase: 60.6 in

Rake/Trail: 30 /4.1in

Handlebar Width: 29in

Seat Height: 30in

Seat Width: 11in

Foot-peg Height: 12in

Ground Clearance: 6.5in

GVWR: 890lb

Load Capacity: 372lb

"Performance"

[3] From Cycle World May 1982

Test weight W/half tank Fuel: 518lb

Standing 1/4 mile: 12.08sec @ 108.82mph

Top Speed 1/2 mile: 122mph

Fuel Consumption: 46m pg

Range (to Reserve) 120miles

Acceleration:

0-30mph 1.8sec

0-40mph 2.7sec

0-50mph 3.6sec

0-60mph 4.6sec

0-70mph 5.5sec

0-80mph 6.6sec

0-90mph 7.8sec

0-100mph 9.6sec

Top Gear Acceleration:

40-60mph 4.8sec

60-80mph 5.5sec

Speedometer Error

30mph indicated 28mph

60mph indicated 57mph

Braking Distance:

From 30mph 27ft

From 60mph 125ft

Engine RPM @ 60mph 4082RMP

Magna V30 VF500C (1984-1985)

1984 Honda Magna V30

The Honda VF500 is one of Honda's second generation V4 motorcycle engines produced in a series of motorcycles designated with VF and VFR initials. For 1984-1986, Honda produced the 498 cm3, V4 DOHC VF500 for the VF500C Magna V30 and its sister bike, the VF500F. This engine is an evolution of Honda's original domestic market 400cc engine, originally deemed too small and underpowered for certain markets - notably the United States and Europe. Focusing on adding power and versatility to its motorcycle offerings, Honda bored the original 400cc motor and improved its power and performance. The engine is almost entirely identical to the version in the Interceptor VF500F sport bike, and while Honda sold the VF500C Magna in the United States, it advertised it as the "most powerful midsize custom in the world".[4]

This standard motorcycle was introduced as a balanced bike that was just as enjoyable yet easier to ride in town than its larger Magna siblings, with good power and a broad torque band. Thanks to its V4 design, power in the 500 engine is not peaky and ample torque can be found throughout the rev band, and the six speed transmission ratio was unique to this bike versus the ratio on the VF500F.[5] The engine produced between 64-68 horsepower, and combined with its low weight and low center of gravity, the bike was lauded by critics as an easy to ride and entertaining motorcycle.[6]

The Magna had no shaft drive like its larger siblings, but a traditional chain drive, making the bike more reliable and less costly to maintain.[7] As well, unlike the larger displacement V-four motors, the VF500 did not suffer from the oil cooling issues of the larger V-four motors (the larger dispacement engines would not send sufficient oil to the cam lobes under 3,000 rpm, causing premature wear), yet the VF500 was still phased out as Honda reworked its technical designs for all its VF motors and cut down on its number of competing models in the market to keep from cannibalizing its sales. Today the bikes have a small but loyal following for their great handling and reliability.

Specifications:

  • 1984 retail MSRP: $2,598 (USA Dollars)
  • Honda specified 64 horsepower
  • Max torque is 31.7 at 10,500 rpm
  • Standing-start quarter mile - 12.9 sec at 103 mph
  • 0-60 in 3.9 seconds
  • 60-0 in 120.6 feet
  • Fuel economy - 45.3 mpg
  • Cruising range (main /reserve) - 113/41 miles

Engine

  • Four-stroke, 90 degree V4 (V-four)
  • Liquid cooled, dual overhead chain drive camshafts
  • 32mm CV Carburetors
  • Four valves per cylinder
  • Bore and stroke - 60x44 mm
  • Compression ratio 11.0:1
  • Oil capacity 3.2 quarts
  • 12,000 rpm redline
  • Six-speed transmission, wet clutch
  • Automatic cam-chain tensioners
  • Self-adjusting hydraulic clutch

Chassis

  • Double downtube, full cradle, with swingarm
  • Front suspension is leading axle, air adjustable fork, 37mm tubes, 6.3 inches of travel
  • Rear suspension is dual shock absorbers, 4.3 inches of travel
  • Comcast wheels
  • Wheelbase is 59 inches
  • Front wheel is 18 inches
  • Rake and trail - 35.1 and 4.4
  • Front brake is hydraulic, sigle disc, twin piston caliper
  • Available colors were black and dark red
  • Saddle is 29-20 inches from the ground
  • Ground clearance is 5.6 inches
  • Fuel capacity main/reserve is 2.5/0.9 gallons
  • Curb weight is 439 pounds

Electrical

  • Power source is three-phase AC generator
  • Solid state voltage regulator charge control
  • Headlight high/low is 60/55 watts, halogen
  • Tailights/stop is 8/27 watts
  • Battery is 12V 12AH

Instruments

  • Speedometer
  • Odometer
  • Trip meter
  • Tachometer (redline starts at 11,500)
  • Coolant temperature gauge
  • Warning light for low fuel
  • Warning light for low oil pressure
  • Warning for taillight out
  • Neutral gear indicator
  • High beam indicator
  • Turn signals

Optional Equipment

  • Windshield
  • Luggage rack
  • Engine guard
  • Sissy bar and optonal pouch
  • Soft leather saddlebags
  • Cover

Changes by year

  • Two colors were available each year: Candy Andromeda Red and Black in 1984, and Candy Wineberry Red and Black in 1985
  • The "HONDA" fuel tank logo was straight in 1984, and curved up in 1985


Facts from Cycle Magazine, July 1984[8]

The 1984 California serial number began JH2PC1317EM000004 while the rest of the United States models began JH2PC1300EM000028. In 1985, the serial number began JH2PC1306FM100001.

"Super" Magna 750 and VF750C (1987-1988)

1987 Honda Super Magna, Canadian-export model

Various mechanical and cosmetic changes were introduced over the years, but the basic core of the Magna remained the same. However, for the two years the 2G Magna was produced, it was dubbed the Super Magna. In 1987, the 700 cc engine produced 80 bhp (60 kW) @ 9500 rpm, with torque being 46 ft·lbf (62 N·m) @ 7500 rpm. In 1988, the Magna grew back to its original size of 748 cc.

On similar fashion the Magna V-four has done the old 750-700-750 two-step. 1982: the 70 x 48.6mm Magna 750 debuts. Quick cuts, 1984: the 70 x 45.4mm 700 (699) arrives. Revival, 1988: back to the original stroke and 748cc displacement. The Magna V-four has endured through the first and second generations of the VF and VFR Interceptors - both come and gone by 1988. Like the original 750 Sabre and VF 750, this 750 Magna engine uses a 360-degree crankshaft and chain-driven double-overhead camshafts. Thus, the VF750C unit is technologically quite different from Honda’s last V-four sport bike engine, the VFR750 Interceptor, which had gear-driven overhead cams and a 180-degree crankshaft.

The Super's cams are also line-bored (a feature first seen in the Euro 1985 VF1000F & F-II, and 85/86 VF1000R, 1986 VF500F, 1986 VF700C Magna), which greatly reduced the premature cam wear that plagued the earlier models, together with changed oil ducts.

The 1987 V45 Magna was available in either Candy Wave Blue or Candy Bourgogne Red (1988 dropped Blue in favor of Black), the air cleaner cover was wrinkle black with a "V45" emblem, and the "MAGNA" tank decal was silver. The exhaust system was now an upswept 4-into-4 set of pipes, truly unique in the cruiser world. Although the exhaust pipes were a beautiful sight, they were not friendly to the use of saddlebags as they were too high. The rear wheel was a solid aluminum disc. The chin fairing was unfinished black plastic for the 87, and color-matched for the 88. The second generation was also the first to have the lower seat height of a mere 27.8 inches (706 mm), more than 4 inches (102 mm) lower than its predecessor. A total of 16,000 units were built for the 1987 model year, while only 3500 were built for 1988. (1987 starting SN JH2RC280*JA100001)

Specifications:

  • Engine: DOHC 4 valve 90 degree V-four
  • Displacement: 700 cc and 748 cc
  • Transmission: 6 speed
  • Wet weight: 529 lb (240 kg)
  • Seat height: 27.8 in (706 mm)
  • Final Drive: Shaft
  • Cooling: Liquid
  • Brakes: Single disc front, drum rear

Magna 750 (1994-2003)

1999 Honda Magna

The 'Power Cruisers' category that had been occupied by the Kawasaki Eliminator and the Yamaha V-Max, (as well as the 1980s Magnas), was bolstered in 1993 with the Magna 750. As an early release 1994 model, Honda sought to capture the market for powerful cruisers by lifting the engine from the VFR750 and slotting it in a cruiser chassis. The engine itself was beautified by the addition of chrome and some extra fins, and by the chromed 4 into 4 exhaust. The seat was kept very low, at 28 inches, with the passenger seat being detachable. The all new frame was complemented by 41 mm forks, dual shocks, and a single disc on the front. A drum brake was used on the rear. A few internal changes were made to the VFR engine for use in the Magna, including a different crankshaft, a 5 speed transmission and chain driven cams. Smaller carbs were also utilized. The changes resulted in a stronger mid-range pull, and a very broad band of power.

The design of the 3rd generation Magna remained relatively unchanged over its lifetime. The tank decal was changed in 1995, and a miniature fairing was available on 1995 and 1996 Deluxe models. The only practical way to tell the year of a Magna from a distance is by its paint scheme, but even that is not a given since only a few colours were rotated through use. The most distinctive paint scheme was a "scalloped" design found on mid-late 1990s models.

2004 saw the demise of the Magna, along with other Honda stablemates such as the V-Twin Shadow ACE and Shadow Spirit, as well as the 6-cylinder Valkyrie. All these bikes have a strong following in their respective categories, and their current owners are saddened at the huge loss. However, just as the Magna was discontinued for a number of years between the 2nd and 3rd generations, there is a possibility that a 4th generation is waiting in the wings that would satisfy enthusiasts' desires. This would include dual-disc brakes up front and a single in the rear, extended range between refueling stops, a better stock seat, and upgraded styling[citation needed]. It has been suggested that the current iteration of the VFR800 with VTEC would make an ideal candidate, while other adherents would like to see the return of the V65 in Magna guise[citation needed].

Specifications:

  • Engine Type: 748 cc liquid-cooled 90° V-4
  • Bore and Stroke: 70 by 48.6 mm
  • Compression Ratio: 10.8:1
  • MAX POWER[PS/rpm]: 72 PS / 9500 rpm
  • Valve Train: DOHC; 4 valves per cylinder
  • Carburetion: Four 34 mm CV
  • Ignition: Solid-state digital
  • Transmission: 5-speed
  • Final Drive: O-ring-sealed chain
  • Front Suspension: 41 mm cartridge fork; 150 mm? travel
  • Rear Suspension: Dual shocks with 5-way spring preload adjustability; 3.9 inches (100 mm) travel
  • Front Brake: 2-piston caliper, 12.4 in (315 mm) disc
  • Rear Brake: Single-leading-shoe drum
  • Front Tire: 120/80-17 tubeless
  • Rear Tire: 150/80-15 tubeless
  • Wheelbase: 65.0 inches (1.65 m)
  • Rake/trail: 32°/5.2 in (132 mm)
  • Seat Height: 28.0 inches (711 mm)
  • Dry Weight: 505 pounds (229 kg)
  • Wet weight: 539 lb (244 kg)
  • Fuel Capacity: 3.6 gallons (13.62 litres), including 0.8 gallon reserve
  • Oil Capacity: 3.3 Quarts (3.1 Liters)
  • Quarter mile (402 m) acceleration: 12.71 s, 102.9 mph (165.6 km/h)
  • 200 yard (183 m) top-gear acceleration from 50 mph (80 km/h), terminal speed: 73.0 mph (117 km/h)

References

  1. ^ http://www.cyclechaos.com/wiki/Honda_VF750C#1982. Retrieved 2006-12-25. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  2. ^ Cycle World May 1982 http://www.sunley.ca/cwv45-8.gif
  3. ^ Cycle World May 1982 http://www.sunley.ca/cwv45-8.gif
  4. ^ "Honda VF500 Magna print ad". Retrieved 2008-01-08.
  5. ^ "Honda VF500 Magna and Interceptor". Retrieved 2008-01-08.
  6. ^ "Honda VF500 Magna and Interceptor". Retrieved 2008-01-08.
  7. ^ "Honda VF500 Magna and Interceptor". Retrieved 2008-01-08.
  8. ^ "Honda VF500 Magna and Interceptor". Retrieved 2008-01-08.

External links

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