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{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2016}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2016}}
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin
{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
|name=Bristol Types 24 and 25 Braemar
|name=Bristol Types 24 and 25 Braemar
|image=Bristol Braemar.jpg
|image=Bristol Braemar.jpg
|caption=Braemar second prototype, 1919
|caption=Braemar second prototype, 1919
}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type
}}{{Infobox aircraft type
|type=[[Heavy bomber]]
|type=[[Heavy bomber]]
|manufacturer=[[Bristol Aeroplane Company]]
|manufacturer=[[Bristol Aeroplane Company]]
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|}
|}


The '''Bristol Braemar''' was a [[United Kingdom|British]] [[heavy bomber]] aircraft developed at the end of the [[World War I|First World War]] for the [[Royal Air Force]]. Only two [[prototype]]s were constructed.
The '''Bristol Braemar''' was a British [[heavy bomber]] aircraft developed at the end of the [[World War I|First World War]] for the [[Royal Air Force]]. Only two [[prototype]]s were constructed.


==Development==
==Development==
The prototype Braemar was developed in response to the establishment of the [[Independent Air Force]] in October 1917, as a [[bomber]] capable of the long-range bombing of [[Berlin]] if necessary. A large [[triplane]], it had internal stowage for up to six 250&nbsp;lb (110&nbsp;kg) bombs.
The prototype Braemar was developed in response to the establishment of the [[Independent Air Force]] in October 1917, as a [[bomber]] capable of the long-range bombing of [[Berlin]] if necessary. A large [[triplane]], it had internal stowage for up to six 250&nbsp;lb (110&nbsp;kg) bombs.


The initial design featured a unique engine installation with a central engine room housing all four engines. The engines were to be geared in pairs and power taken from the engines to the four propellers by power shafts. This design was abandoned early in development, and both the completed Braemars had a conventional engine installation, with the engines in inline tandem pairs, driving [[Push-pull configuration|pusher and tractor propellers]]. However, the engine-room design was resurrected later in the Braemar's development life, for the proposed steam-powered [[Bristol Tramp|Tramp]].
The initial design featured an unusual engine installation with a central engine room housing all four engines. These were to be geared in pairs and power taken from the engines to the four propellers by power shafts. This design was abandoned early in development, and both the completed Braemars had a conventional engine installation, with the engines in inline tandem pairs, driving [[Push-pull configuration|pusher and tractor propellers]]. However, the engine-room design was resurrected later in the Braemar's development life, for the proposed steam-powered [[Bristol Tramp|Tramp]].


A contract from the Air Board for three prototypes was awarded to Bristol & Colonial on 26 February 1918. The first prototype Braemar flew on 13 August 1918, with four {{convert|230|hp|kW|abbr=on}} [[Siddeley Puma]] engines. The prototype showed generally good performance with a top speed of {{convert|106|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, but there were complaints from the test pilots about the view from the cockpit and the controls,<ref>The pilots were no longer able to feel sideslip through the wind on their faces ([http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1960/1960%20-%200208.html ''Flight'' 12 February 1960 p208])</ref> and so the next aircraft produced was an improved version designated Braemar Mk.II. The Mk.II received considerably more power from its four {{convert|400|hp|kW|abbr=on}} [[Liberty L-12]] engines, which gave it an improved speed of {{convert|125|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}.
A contract from the Air Board for three prototypes was awarded to Bristol & Colonial on 26 February 1918. The first prototype Braemar flew on 13 August 1918, with four {{convert|230|hp|kW|abbr=on}} [[Siddeley Puma]] engines. The prototype showed generally good performance with a top speed of {{convert|106|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, but there were complaints from the test pilots about the view from the cockpit and the controls,<ref>The pilots were no longer able to feel sideslip through the wind on their faces ([http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1960/1960%20-%200208.html ''Flight'' 12 February 1960 p208])</ref> and so the next aircraft produced was an improved version designated Braemar Mk.II. The Mk.II received considerably more power from its four {{convert|400|hp|kW|abbr=on}} [[Liberty L-12]] engines, which gave it an improved speed of {{convert|125|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}.
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==Specifications (Braemar Mk.II)==
==Specifications (Braemar Mk.II)==

{{Aircraft specifications
{{Aircraft specs
<!-- if you do not understand how to use this template, please ask at [[Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Aircraft]] -->
|ref=Bristol Aircraft since 1910<ref name=Barnes>{{cite book |last=Barnes |first=C.H. |title=Bristol Aircraft since 1910 |year=1964 |edition=1st |publisher=Putnam & Company Ltd. |location=London |pages=138–142}}</ref>
<!-- please answer the following questions -->
|prime units?=imp
|plane or copter?=plane
<!--
|jet or prop?=prop
General characteristics
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-->
|ref=Barnes C.H. (1964), p.142
|crew=six - two pilots, wireless operator, engineer and two gunners
|crew=6 - 2 pilots, wireless operator, engineer and two gunners
|length ft=51
|capacity=
|length main=51 ft 6 in
|length in=6
|length alt=15.73 m
|length note=
|span main=81 ft 8 in
|span ft=81
|span alt=24.89 m
|span in=8
|span note=
|height main=20 ft
|height alt=6.10 m
|height ft=20
|height in=
|area main=1,905 ft²
|height note=
|area alt=177 m²
|wing area sqft=1905
|empty weight main=10,650 lb
|wing area note=
|empty weight alt=4,840 kg
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|loaded weight main=18,000 lb
|airfoil=
|loaded weight alt=8,170 kg
|max takeoff weight main=<!-- lb-->
|empty weight lb=10650
|max takeoff weight alt=<!-- kg-->
|empty weight note=
|gross weight lb=16500
|engine (prop)=[[Liberty L-12]]
|gross weight note=
|type of prop=[[inline engine (aviation)|inline engine]]
|max takeoff weight lb=
|number of props=4
|max takeoff weight note=
|power main=400 hp
|fuel capacity=
|power alt=300 kW
|more general=
|max speed main=109 kn
<!--
|max speed alt=125 mph, 200 km/h
Powerplant
|max speed more=at sea level
-->
|cruise speed main=<!-- mph-->
|eng1 number=4
|cruise speed alt=<!-- knots, km/h-->
|eng1 name=[[Liberty L-12]]
|range main=more than 1,000 mi
|eng1 type=V-12 water-cooled piston engines
|range alt=1,600 km
|eng1 hp=400
|ceiling main=17,000 ft
|eng1 note=in two tandem nacelles mounted on the mid wing
|ceiling alt=5,100 m

|climb rate main=
|prop blade number=2
|climb rate alt=
|prop name=fixed-pitch pusher and tractor propellers
|loading main=9.45 lb/ft²
|prop dia ft=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|loading alt=46.2 kg/m²
|prop dia in=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|power/mass main=0.08 hp/lb
|prop dia note=
|power/mass alt=150 W/kg
<!--
Performance
-->
|perfhide=

|max speed mph=106
|max speed note=
|max speed mach=<!-- supersonic aircraft -->
|cruise speed mph=
|cruise speed note=
|stall speed mph=
|stall speed note=
|never exceed speed mph=
|never exceed speed note=
|minimum control speed mph=
|minimum control speed note=
|range miles=1000
|range note=+
|combat range miles=
|combat range note=
|ferry range miles=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling ft=17000
|ceiling note=
|g limits=<!-- aerobatic -->
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|glide ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|climb rate ftmin=
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|wing loading lb/sqft=9.45
|wing loading note=
|fuel consumption lb/mi=
|power/mass={{cvt|0.08|hp/lb}}
|thrust/weight=

|more performance=<!--</br>
*'''Take-off run:''' {{cvt||ft|0}}
*'''Take-off distance to {{cvt|50|ft|0}}:''' {{cvt||ft|0}}
*'''Landing run:''' {{cvt||ft|0}}
*'''Landing distance from {{cvt|50|ft|0}}:''' {{cvt||ft|0}}-->
<!--
Armament
-->
|guns=2 × 0.303 in (7.7 mm) [[machine gun]]s
|guns=2 × 0.303 in (7.7 mm) [[machine gun]]s
|bombs=1,500 lb (680 kg)
|bombs=1,500 lb (680 kg)
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* [[Bristol Pullman]]
* [[Bristol Pullman]]
* [[Bristol Tramp]]
* [[Bristol Tramp]]
|similar aircraft=*[[Vickers Vimy]]<br />
|similar aircraft=
*[[Vickers Vimy]]
*[[Handley Page V/1500]]
*[[Handley Page V/1500]]
|lists=
|lists=
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==References==
==References==
{{commons category|Bristol Braemar}}
{{commons category}}

;Notes
===Citations===
{{Research help|Mil}}
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

;Bibliography
===Bibliography===
* {{cite book|author=Barnes C.H.|year=1964|title=Bristol Aircraft Since 1910|publisher=Putnam & Company Ltd|isbn=0-370-00015-3}}
* {{cite book|author=Barnes C.H.|year=1964|title=Bristol Aircraft Since 1910|publisher=Putnam & Company Ltd|isbn=0-370-00015-3}}
* {{citation |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1942/1942%20-%200525.html |title=Two Tri-Quads |date=5 March 1942 |journal=Flight |page=209 }}
* {{citation |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1942/1942%20-%200525.html |title=Two Tri-Quads |date=5 March 1942 |journal=Flight |page=209 }}
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[[Category:Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Bristol Aeroplane Company aircraft|Braemar]]
[[Category:Bristol Aeroplane Company aircraft|Braemar]]
[[Category:British bomber aircraft 1910–1919]]
[[Category:1910s British bomber aircraft]]
[[Category:Four-engined push-pull aircraft]]
[[Category:Four-engined push-pull aircraft]]
[[Category:Triplanes]]
[[Category:Triplanes]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1918]]

Latest revision as of 14:10, 24 January 2023

Bristol Types 24 and 25 Braemar
Braemar second prototype, 1919
Role Heavy bomber
National origin United Kingdom
Manufacturer Bristol Aeroplane Company
Designer Frank Barnwell
First flight 13 August 1918
Number built 2
Developed into Bristol Pullman

The Bristol Braemar was a British heavy bomber aircraft developed at the end of the First World War for the Royal Air Force. Only two prototypes were constructed.

Development[edit]

The prototype Braemar was developed in response to the establishment of the Independent Air Force in October 1917, as a bomber capable of the long-range bombing of Berlin if necessary. A large triplane, it had internal stowage for up to six 250 lb (110 kg) bombs.

The initial design featured an unusual engine installation with a central engine room housing all four engines. These were to be geared in pairs and power taken from the engines to the four propellers by power shafts. This design was abandoned early in development, and both the completed Braemars had a conventional engine installation, with the engines in inline tandem pairs, driving pusher and tractor propellers. However, the engine-room design was resurrected later in the Braemar's development life, for the proposed steam-powered Tramp.

A contract from the Air Board for three prototypes was awarded to Bristol & Colonial on 26 February 1918. The first prototype Braemar flew on 13 August 1918, with four 230 hp (170 kW) Siddeley Puma engines. The prototype showed generally good performance with a top speed of 106 mph (171 km/h), but there were complaints from the test pilots about the view from the cockpit and the controls,[1] and so the next aircraft produced was an improved version designated Braemar Mk.II. The Mk.II received considerably more power from its four 400 hp (300 kW) Liberty L-12 engines, which gave it an improved speed of 125 mph (201 km/h).

The Braemar never entered service with the RAF, and the two prototypes were the only Braemars built. The third prototype was completed as a Pullman 14-passenger civil transport.

Variants[edit]

The Bristol Braemar II photographed in flight, 1919.
Type 24 Braemar I
Prototype with four 230 hp (172 kW) Siddeley Puma engines, one built first flown 13 March 1918.
Type 25 Braemer II
Prototype with four 400 hp (298 kW) Liberty L-12 engines, one built first flown 18 February 1919.
Type 26 Pullman
14-passenger civil transport variant with Liberty L-12 engines, one built first flown in May 1920.

Specifications (Braemar Mk.II)[edit]

Data from Bristol Aircraft since 1910[2]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 6 - 2 pilots, wireless operator, engineer and two gunners
  • Length: 51 ft 6 in (15.70 m)
  • Wingspan: 81 ft 8 in (24.89 m)
  • Height: 20 ft (6.1 m)
  • Wing area: 1,905 sq ft (177.0 m2)
  • Empty weight: 10,650 lb (4,831 kg)
  • Gross weight: 16,500 lb (7,484 kg)
  • Powerplant: 4 × Liberty L-12 V-12 water-cooled piston engines, 400 hp (300 kW) each in two tandem nacelles mounted on the mid wing
  • Propellers: 2-bladed fixed-pitch pusher and tractor propellers

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 106 mph (171 km/h, 92 kn)
  • Range: 1,000 mi (1,600 km, 870 nmi) +
  • Service ceiling: 17,000 ft (5,200 m)
  • Wing loading: 9.45 lb/sq ft (46.1 kg/m2)
  • Power/mass: 0.08 hp/lb (0.13 kW/kg)

Armament

  • Guns: 2 × 0.303 in (7.7 mm) machine guns
  • Bombs: 1,500 lb (680 kg)

See also[edit]

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

References[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bristol Braemar.

Citations[edit]

  1. ^ The pilots were no longer able to feel sideslip through the wind on their faces (Flight 12 February 1960 p208)
  2. ^ Barnes, C.H. (1964). Bristol Aircraft since 1910 (1st ed.). London: Putnam & Company Ltd. pp. 138–142.

Bibliography[edit]

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