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{{Short description|French journalist and politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2011}}
{{unreferenced|date=February 2008}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{more citations needed|date=February 2008}}

[[File:Édouard_Depreux_1946.jpg|thumb|Depreux in 1946]]
'''Édouard Depreux''' (31 October 1898—16 October 1981) was a French socialist journalist, essayist, and politician of the [[French Fourth Republic]]; he was born in [[Viesly]] (''département'' of [[Nord (département)|Nord]]) and died in Paris.
'''Édouard Gustave Depreux''' (31 October 1898 – 16 October 1981) was a French socialist journalist, essayist, and politician of the [[French Fourth Republic]]; he was born in [[Viesly]] (''département'' of [[Nord (département)|Nord]]) and died in Paris.


== Early career ==
== Early career ==
A soldier in [[World War I]], Depreux was injured in a [[Chemical warfare|gas attack]], and was subsequently awarded the [[Croix de guerre]]. He joined the [[Socialist Party (France)|Section Française de l'Internationale Ouvrière]] (SFIO) at age 20, being influenced by the ideas of [[Jean Jaurès]] and [[Jean Longuet]]; he studied Philosophy, Law, and [[Humanities]], before becoming a lawyer.
Born in [[Viesly]], Depreux moved with his family to [[Sceaux, Hauts-de-Seine]] in 1913.<ref name=BDFPL>B. D. Graham, 'Depreux, Edouard Gustave', in David Bell, Douglas Johnson & Douglas Morris, ''A Biographical Dictionary of French Political Leaders since 1870'', Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1990, pp.&nbsp;116–7</ref> A soldier in [[World War I]], Depreux was injured in a [[Chemical warfare|gas attack]], and was subsequently awarded the [[Croix de Guerre]]. He joined the [[Socialist Party (France)|Section Française de l'Internationale Ouvrière]] (SFIO) at age 20, being influenced by the ideas of [[Jean Jaurès]] and [[Jean Longuet]]; he studied Philosophy, Law, and [[Humanities]], before becoming a lawyer.


After serving as a member of the [[Sceaux, Hauts-de-Seine|Sceaux]] ''[[Commune in France|commune]]'' council in 1935, and as a council member for [[Seine (département)|Seine]] (1938–1941), he joined the [[French Resistance]] in the fight against the [[Nazi Germany|Nazi German]] [[Military history of France during World War II|military occupation]], and held a high-ranking position in the SFIO executive committee, being the editor of the illegal newspaper ''[[Le Populaire]]''. After the [[liberation of Paris]], Depreux became mayor of Sceaux (a position he would hold until 1959), and a member of the ''Assemblée Consultative Provisoire'' that served as the legislature of France prior to the creation of the Fourth Republic; he then was elected to the [[French Parliament]] for successive terms between 1946 and 1958.
After serving as a member of the [[Sceaux, Hauts-de-Seine|Sceaux]] ''[[Commune in France|commune]]'' council in 1935, and as a council member for [[Seine (département)|Seine]] (1938–1941), he joined the [[French Resistance]] in the fight against the [[Nazi Germany|Nazi German]] [[Military history of France during World War II|military occupation]], and held a high-ranking position in the SFIO executive committee, being the editor of the illegal newspaper ''[[Le Populaire]]''. After the [[liberation of Paris]], Depreux became mayor of Sceaux (a position he would hold until 1959), and a member of the [[Provisional Consultative Assembly]] that served as the legislature of France prior to the creation of the Fourth Republic; he then was elected to the [[French Parliament]] for successive terms between 1946 and 1958.


== As Minister and PSU leader ==
== As Minister and PSU leader ==
A [[Minister of the Interior (France)|Minister of the Interior]] between 24 June 1946 and 24 November 1947 (in the [[List of Prime Ministers of France|Ministries]] of [[Georges Bidault]], [[Léon Blum]], and [[Paul Ramadier]]), he imposed the voting of an ''[[Organic Statute of Algeria]]'', confirming partial [[Autonomous entity|autonomy]] for the [[French colonial empires|colony]] of [[Algeria]]. In 1947, he revealed the existence of an American-sponsored secret "''[[stay-behind]] army''" in France codenamed ''Plan Bleu''.
A [[Minister of the Interior (France)|Minister of the Interior]] between 24 June 1946 and 24 November 1947 (in the [[List of Prime Ministers of France|Ministries]] of [[Georges Bidault]], [[Léon Blum]], and [[Paul Ramadier]]), he imposed the voting of an ''[[Organic Statute of Algeria]]'', confirming partial [[Autonomous entity|autonomy]] for the [[French colonial empires|colony]] of [[Algeria]]. In 1947, he revealed the existence of an American-sponsored secret "''[[stay-behind]] army''" in France codenamed ''Plan Bleu''.


He was [[List of Education Ministers of France|Minister of Education]] in [[Robert Schuman]]'s first cabinet (February–July 1948). Hostile to the [[European Defence Community]] plan proposed by [[René Pleven]], and highly critical of the [[colonialism]] accommodated by the SFIO, Depreux nonetheless led the Party's group in the [[French National Assembly]] on two occasions.
He was [[List of Education Ministers of France|Minister of Education]] in [[Robert Schuman]]'s first cabinet (February–July 1948). Hostile to the [[European Defence Community]] plan proposed by [[René Pleven]], and highly critical of the [[colonialism]] accommodated by the SFIO, Depreux nonetheless led the Party's group in the [[French National Assembly]] on two occasions.


At the same time, he became an opponent of [[Charles de Gaulle]] and [[Gaullism]], and declared his dissatifaction with the proclamation of the [[Fifth French Republic|Fifth Republic]]. Édouard Depreux left the SFIO to enter the new [[Autonomous Socialist Party]] (PSA), and then the [[Unified Socialist Party (France)|Unified Socialist Party]] (PSU, created by a merger between the PSA and other groups), serving as its national secretary between 1960 and 1967.
At the same time, he became an opponent of [[Charles de Gaulle]] and [[Gaullism]], and declared his dissatisfaction with the proclamation of the [[Fifth French Republic|Fifth Republic]]. Édouard Depreux left the SFIO to enter the new [[Autonomous Socialist Party (France)|Autonomous Socialist Party]] (PSA), and then the [[Unified Socialist Party (France)|Unified Socialist Party]] (PSU, created by a merger between the PSA and other groups), serving as its national secretary between 1960 and 1967.


== Works ==
== Works ==
*''Renouveau du socialisme'', Calmann-Lévy, 1960
*''Renouveau du socialisme'', Calmann-Lévy, 1960
*''La nouvelle Chine et son héritage'', Editions du Burin, 1967
*''La nouvelle Chine et son héritage'', Editions du Burin, 1967
*''Souvenir d'un militant, de la social-démocratie au socialisme'', Fayard, 1972
*''Souvenir d'un militant, de la social-démocratie au socialisme'', Fayard, 1972
*''Servitude et grandeur du PSU'', Editions Syros, 1974
*''Servitude et grandeur du PSU'', Editions Syros, 1974
*''Comment j'ai pu, en décembre 1941, sous l'occupation nazie, dire non à Pétain et à Hitler'', Presses de l'Atelier Graphique, Reims 1979
*''Comment j'ai pu, en décembre 1941, sous l'occupation nazie, dire non à Pétain et à Hitler'', Presses de l'Atelier Graphique, Reims 1979


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*[[Operation Gladio]]
*[[Operation Gladio]]


==References==
⚫
{{start box}}
{{reflist}}

⚫
{{s-start}}
{{succession box|title=[[Minister of the Interior (France)|Minister of the Interior]]|before=[[André Le Troquer]]|after=[[Jules Moch]]|years=1946–1947}}
{{succession box|title=[[Minister of the Interior (France)|Minister of the Interior]]|before=[[André Le Troquer]]|after=[[Jules Moch]]|years=1946–1947}}
{{succession box|title=[[Minister of National Education (France)|Minister of National Education]]|before=[[Marcel Edmond Naegelen]]|after=[[Yvon Delbos]]|years=1948}}
{{succession box|title=[[Minister of National Education (France)|Minister of National Education]]|before=[[Marcel-Edmond Naegelen]]|after=[[Yvon Delbos]]|years=1948}}
{{end box}}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control}}


{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Depreux, Edouard
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1898
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 1981
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Depreux, Edouard}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Depreux, Edouard}}
[[Category:1898 births]]
[[Category:1898 births]]
[[Category:1981 deaths]]
[[Category:1981 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Nord]]
[[Category:Writers from Nord (French department)]]
[[Category:Politicians from Nord (French department)]]
[[Category:French Section of the Workers' International politicians]]
[[Category:French Section of the Workers' International politicians]]
[[Category:Autonomous Socialist Party (France) politicians]]
[[Category:Unified Socialist Party (France) politicians]]
[[Category:Unified Socialist Party (France) politicians]]
[[Category:French military personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:French interior ministers]]
[[Category:French journalists]]
[[Category:French Ministers of National Education]]
[[Category:French memoirists]]
[[Category:Members of the Provisional Consultative Assembly]]
[[Category:Members of the Constituent Assembly of France (1945)]]
[[Category:Members of the Constituent Assembly of France (1946)]]
[[Category:Deputies of the 1st National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic]]
[[Category:Deputies of the 2nd National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic]]
[[Category:Deputies of the 3rd National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic]]
[[Category:Members of Parliament for Seine]]
[[Category:Mayors of places in Île-de-France]]
[[Category:French male non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:French political writers]]
[[Category:French political writers]]
[[Category:French Resistance members]]
[[Category:20th-century French journalists]]
[[Category:20th-century French memoirists]]
[[Category:20th-century French male writers]]
[[Category:Operation Gladio]]
[[Category:Operation Gladio]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Croix de Guerre (France)]]
[[Category:French military personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:French Resistance members]]

[[Category:Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)]]
[[fr:Édouard Depreux]]

Latest revision as of 01:11, 27 August 2023

Depreux in 1946

Édouard Gustave Depreux (31 October 1898 – 16 October 1981) was a French socialist journalist, essayist, and politician of the French Fourth Republic; he was born in Viesly (département of Nord) and died in Paris.

Early career[edit]

Born in Viesly, Depreux moved with his family to Sceaux, Hauts-de-Seine in 1913.[1] A soldier in World War I, Depreux was injured in a gas attack, and was subsequently awarded the Croix de Guerre. He joined the Section Française de l'Internationale Ouvrière (SFIO) at age 20, being influenced by the ideas of Jean Jaurès and Jean Longuet; he studied Philosophy, Law, and Humanities, before becoming a lawyer.

After serving as a member of the Sceaux commune council in 1935, and as a council member for Seine (1938–1941), he joined the French Resistance in the fight against the Nazi German military occupation, and held a high-ranking position in the SFIO executive committee, being the editor of the illegal newspaper Le Populaire. After the liberation of Paris, Depreux became mayor of Sceaux (a position he would hold until 1959), and a member of the Provisional Consultative Assembly that served as the legislature of France prior to the creation of the Fourth Republic; he then was elected to the French Parliament for successive terms between 1946 and 1958.

As Minister and PSU leader[edit]

A Minister of the Interior between 24 June 1946 and 24 November 1947 (in the Ministries of Georges Bidault, Léon Blum, and Paul Ramadier), he imposed the voting of an Organic Statute of Algeria, confirming partial autonomy for the colony of Algeria. In 1947, he revealed the existence of an American-sponsored secret "stay-behind army" in France codenamed Plan Bleu.

He was Minister of Education in Robert Schuman's first cabinet (February–July 1948). Hostile to the European Defence Community plan proposed by René Pleven, and highly critical of the colonialism accommodated by the SFIO, Depreux nonetheless led the Party's group in the French National Assembly on two occasions.

At the same time, he became an opponent of Charles de Gaulle and Gaullism, and declared his dissatisfaction with the proclamation of the Fifth Republic. Édouard Depreux left the SFIO to enter the new Autonomous Socialist Party (PSA), and then the Unified Socialist Party (PSU, created by a merger between the PSA and other groups), serving as its national secretary between 1960 and 1967.

Works[edit]

  • Renouveau du socialisme, Calmann-Lévy, 1960
  • La nouvelle Chine et son héritage, Editions du Burin, 1967
  • Souvenir d'un militant, de la social-démocratie au socialisme, Fayard, 1972
  • Servitude et grandeur du PSU, Editions Syros, 1974
  • Comment j'ai pu, en décembre 1941, sous l'occupation nazie, dire non à Pétain et à Hitler, Presses de l'Atelier Graphique, Reims 1979

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ B. D. Graham, 'Depreux, Edouard Gustave', in David Bell, Douglas Johnson & Douglas Morris, A Biographical Dictionary of French Political Leaders since 1870, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1990, pp. 116–7
Preceded by Minister of the Interior
1946–1947 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister of National Education
1948 		Succeeded by
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