Crișul Negru: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 46°42′1″N 21°16′9″E / 46.70028°N 21.26917°E / 46.70028; 21.26917
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{{Infobox river
{{Geobox
| name = Crișul Negru
| River
| native_name =
<!-- *** Name section *** -->
| native_name_lang =
| name =Râul Crișul Negru
| native_name =Fekete-Körös
| name_other = Fekete-Körös
| other_name =
| name_etymology =
<!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP -->
| other_name1 =
| image =
<!-- *** Image *** --->
| image =
| image_size =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = Hungary#Romania
<!---------------------- LOCATION -->
<!-- *** Country etc. *** -->
| country_type = Countries
| subdivision_type1 = Countries
| subdivision_name1 = [[Romania]] and [[Hungary]]
| state_type =
| subdivision_type2 = Counties
| region_type =
| subdivision_name2 = {{hlist|[[Bihor County|Bihor]]|[[Arad County|Arad]]|[[Békés County|Békés]]}}
| district_type = Counties
| city_type = Towns
| subdivision_type3 = Towns
| subdivision_name3 = {{hlist|[[Beiuș]]|[[Sarkad, Hungary|Sarkad]]}}
| country = Romania
<!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS -->
| country1 = Hungary
| state =
| length = {{convert|168|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| state1 =
| width_min =
| region =
| width_avg =
| region1 =
| width_max =
| depth_min =
| district = [[Bihor County]], [[Arad County]]<br>[[Békés County]]
| district1 =
| depth_avg =
| depth_max =
| city = [[Beiuș]], [[Sarkad, Hungary|Sarkad]]
| discharge1_location= [[Zerind]]
| city1 =
| discharge1_min = {{convert|0.47|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}
<!-- *** Geography *** -->
| discharge1_avg = {{convert|31.40|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}
| length = 168
| discharge1_max = {{convert|648|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}
| watershed = 4450
<!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES -->
| discharge_location = [[Zerind]]
| discharge = 31.40
| source1 = [[Apuseni Mountains]]
| source1_location =
| discharge_max = 648
| source1_coordinates=
| discharge_min = 0.47
| source1_elevation = {{convert|1460|m|abbr=on}}
| discharge1_location =
| discharge1 =
| mouth = [[Körös|Körös (Criș)]]
| mouth_location = near [[Gyula, Hungary|Gyula]],<br />[[Hungary]]
<!-- *** Source *** -->
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|46|42|1|N|21|16|9|E|display=inline,title}}
| source_name =
| mouth_elevation =
| source_location = [[Apuseni Mountains]]<br>Junction of headwaters [[Crişul Poienii River|Crișul Poienii]] and [[Crișul Băiței River|Crișul Băiței]]
| source_district =
| progression = {{RKörös}}
| source_region =
| river_system =
| source_state =
| basin_size = {{convert|4450|km2|abbr=on}}
| tributaries_left = [[Teuz]]
| source_country =
| tributaries_right = [[Holod (river)|Holod]]
| source_lat_d =
| source_lat_m =
| custom_label =
| source_lat_s =
| custom_data =
| source_lat_NS =
| extra =
| source_long_d =
| source_long_m =
| source_long_s =
| source_long_EW =
| source_elevation = 1460
| source_length =
<!-- *** Mouth *** -->
| mouth_name =[[Körös River|Körös (Criş)]]
| mouth_location =near [[Gyula, Hungary|Gyula]],<br>[[Hungary]]
| mouth_district =
| mouth_region =
| mouth_state =
| mouth_country =
| mouth_lat_d = 46
| mouth_lat_m = 42
| mouth_lat_s = 1
| mouth_lat_NS = N
| mouth_long_d = 21
| mouth_long_m = 16
| mouth_long_s = 9
| mouth_long_EW =E
| mouth_elevation =
<!-- *** Tributaries *** -->
| tributary_left = [[Teuz River|Teuz]]
| tributary_left1 =
| tributary_right = [[Holod River|Holod]]
| tributary_right1 =
<!-- *** Free fields *** -->
| free =
| free_type = Official River Code
<!-- *** Map section *** -->
| map =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
}}
}}


The '''Crișul Negru''' ([[Romanian language|Romanian]]), ([[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]: Fekete-Körös) is a river in western [[Romania]] ([[Transylvania]]) and south-eastern [[Hungary]] ([[Békés (county)|Békés county]]). The river starts at the junction of [[headwater]]s [[Crişul Poienii River|Crișul Poienii]] and [[Crișul Băiței River|Crişul Băiței]] in the western [[Apuseni Mountains]]. It flows through the towns [[Ștei]] and [[Beiuș]] in Romania. One its tributaries is the small [[Roșia River]]. Crossing the border of Hungary the river, now called Fekete-Körös, joins the [[Fehér-Körös]] a few kilometres north from [[Gyula (town)|Gyula]] to form the [[Körös River|Körös]] river.
The '''Crișul Negru''' (Black Criș) ([[Romanian language|Romanian]]), ({{lang-hu|Fekete-Körös}}) is a river in western [[Romania]] ([[Transylvania]]) and south-eastern [[Hungary]] ([[Békés County]]). The river has its source in the western [[Apuseni Mountains]] of Romania. Flowing through the Romanian towns of [[Ștei]] and [[Beiuș]] and crossing the border of Hungary, the river, now called Fekete-Körös, joins the [[Fehér-Körös]] a few kilometres north from [[Gyula, Hungary|Gyula]] to form the [[Körös]] river.<ref>[http://www.mmediu.ro/app/webroot/uploads/files/2016-03-01_PMRI_Crisuri_SEA.pdf Planul de management al riscului la inundații - Administrația Bazinală de Apă Crișuri], p. 7</ref> In Romania, its length is {{convert|164|km|abbr=on}} and its basin size is {{convert|3820|km2|abbr=on}}.{{GeoSource|RO|Atlas|106-113|III.1.42}} Part of the water from the river [[Crișul Repede]] is diverted towards the Crișul Negru by the [[Criș Collector Canal]].


==Hydronymy==
==Hydronymy==
The name of this river comes from earlier [[Dacian language|Dacian]] ''Krísos'', which meant "black",<ref>Katičic', Radislav. ''Ancient Languages of the Balkans, Part One''. Paris: Mouton, 1976: 150.</ref> making this a doublet (cf. Bulg ''čer'' "black", Old Church Slavonic ''čǐrnǔ'', Old Prussian ''kirsnan'', Albanian ''sorrë'' "raven") with Romanian ''negru'' "black". The upper course, upstream from the confluence with the [[Crișul Băița]], is sometimes called ''Crișul Poienii''.

The name of this river comes from earlier [[Dacian language|Dacian]] ''Krísos'', which meant "black",<ref>Katičic', Radislav. ''Ancient Languages of the Balkans, Part One''. Paris: Mouton, 1976: 150.</ref> making this a doublet (cf. Bulg ''čer'' "black", Old Church Slavonic ''čǐrnǔ'', Old Prussian ''kirsnan'', Albanian ''sorrë'' "raven") with Romanian ''negru'' "black".


==Towns and villages==
==Towns and villages==
The following towns and villages are situated along the Crișul Negru, from source to mouth: [[Vașcău]], [[Ștei]], [[Rieni]], [[Drăgănești, Bihor|Drăgănești]], [[Tărcaia]], [[Beiuș]], [[Șuncuiuș]], [[Uileacu de Beiuș]], [[Șoimi]], [[Căpâlna]], [[Tinca]], [[Batăr]], [[Avram Iancu, Bihor|Avram Iancu]], [[Zerind]] in Romania, and [[Sarkad, Hungary|Sarkad]] in Hungary.


==Tributaries==
The following towns and villages are situated along the river Crișul Negru, from source to mouth: [[Vaşcău]] (on Crișul Poienii), [[Ştei]], [[Rieni]], [[Drăgănești, Bihor|Drăgăneşti]], [[Tărcaia]], [[Beiuş]], [[Şuncuiuş]], [[Uileacu de Beiuș]], [[Șoimi]], [[Căpâlna]], [[Tinca]], [[Batăr]], [[Avram Iancu, Bihor|Avram Iancu]], [[Zerind]] in Romania, and [[Sarkad, Hungary|Sarkad]] in Hungary.
The following rivers are tributaries to the Crișul Negru (from source to mouth):{{GeoSource|RO|Atlas|106-113|III.1.42}}

==Headwaters and tributaries==

The two headwaters of the Crișul Negru are the [[Crişul Poienii River|Crişul Poienii]] and the [[Crișul Băiței River|Crişul Băiţei]], that are united at [[Ştei]]. The following rivers are tributaries to the river Crișul Negru:

Left: [[Crişul Poienii River|Crişul Poienii]], [[Pascu River (Criş)|Pascu]], [[Cusuiuș River|Cusuiuş]], [[Hinchiriş River|Hinchiriş]], [[Mierag River|Mierag]], [[Arjochi River|Arjochi]], [[Tărcăița River|Tărcăiţa]], [[Finiș River|Finiş]], [[Căldărești River (Crișul Negru)|Căldăreşti]], [[Șerpoasa River|Şerpoasa]], [[Valea Mare River (Crișul Negru)|Valea Mare]], [[Arman River|Arman]], [[Cereșeg River|Cereşeg]], [[Valea Seacă River (Crișul Negru)|Valea Seacă]], [[Valea Pinilor River|Valea Pinilor]], [[Crișul Mic River (Crișul Negru)|Crişul Mic]], [[Rătășel River|Rătăşel]], [[Răchest River|Răchest]], [[Teuz River|Teuz]], [[Zerind River|Zerind]]


Right: [[Crișul Băiței River|Crişul Băiţei]], [[Untu River (Crișul Negru)|Untu]], [[Valea Neagră River (Crișul Negru)|Valea Neagră]], [[Crăiasa River|Crăiasa]], [[Crișul Pietros River|Crişul Pietros]], [[Talpe River|Talpe]], [[Mizieş River|Mizieş]], [[Valea Nimăieștilor River|Valea Nimăieştilor]], [[Ioaniş River|Ioaniş]], [[Roșia River (Crișul Negru)|Roşia]], [[Prisaca River (Crișul Negru)|Prisaca]], [[Săliștea River|Săliştea]], [[Holod River|Holod]], [[Pusta River (Crișul Negru)|Pusta]], [[Trif River (Crișul Negru)|Trif]], [[Săraz River (Crișul Negru)|Săraz]], [[Valea Nouă River (Crișul Negru)|Valea Nouă]], [[Criş Collector Canal]]
*Left: [[Criștior]], [[Pârâul Țarinii]], [[Briheni]], [[Valea Mare (Crișul Negru)|Valea Mare (Cusuiuș)]], [[Tărcăița]], [[Finiș (river)|Finiș]], Căldărești, Șerpoasa, [[Valea Mare (Șuncuiș)]], [[Arman (Crișul Negru)|Arman]], Hălgaș, Fieghiu, [[Poclușa (river)|Poclușa]], [[Crișul Mic (Crișul Negru)|Crișul Mic]], [[Rătășel]], [[Beliu (river)|Beliu]], Răchest, [[Teuz]]
*Right: [[Crișul Nou]], [[Crișul Băița]], [[Valea Neagră (Crișul Negru)|Valea Neagră]], [[Crăiasa]], [[Crișul Pietros]], [[Talpe]], [[Mizieș]], [[Nimăiești]], Ioaniș, [[Valea Roșie (Crișul Negru)|Valea Roșie]], Prisaca, [[Săliște (Crișul Negru)|Săliște]], [[Holod (river)|Holod]], [[Pusta (Crișul Negru)|Pusta]], [[Saraz (river)|Saraz]], [[Valea Nouă (Crișul Negru)|Valea Nouă]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
* Administrația Națională Apelor Române - Cadastrul Apelor - București
* Institutul de Meteorologie și Hidrologie - Rîurile României - București 1971
* Trasee turistice - județul Bihor [http://www.e-calauza.ro/index.php?afiseaza=trasee-turistice-bihor]


{{Commons category|Crișul Negru}}
===Maps===


{{Portal bar|Romania}}
* Harta munții Codru Moma [http://harti.mielu.ro/codru_moma.html]
* Harta munții Pădurea Craiului [http://harti.mielu.ro/padurea_craiului.html]
* Harta munții Bihor-Vlădeasa [http://harti.mielu.ro/bihor_vladeasa.html]
* [http://www.harta-turistica.ro/map.php?ID=10 Harta munţii Apuseni]
* Harta Munților Vlădeasa [http://www.harta-turistica.ro/map.php?ID=15&harta=Muntii%20Vladeasa]
* [http://www.harta-turistica.ro/map.php?ID=17 Harta Munții Bihor]


{{DEFAULTSORT:Crisul Negru River}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Crișul Negru}}
[[Category:Rivers of Romania]]
[[Category:Rivers of Romania]]
[[Category:Rivers of the Criş subbasin]]
[[Category:Crișul Negru basin| ]]
[[Category:Rivers of Bihor County]]
[[Category:Rivers of Bihor County]]
[[Category:Rivers of Hungary]]
[[Category:Rivers of Hungary]]

Latest revision as of 13:22, 11 February 2024

Crișul Negru
Fekete-Körös
Crișul Negru is located in Hungary
Crișul Negru
Crișul Negru is located in Romania
Crișul Negru
Location
CountriesRomania and Hungary
Counties
Towns
Physical characteristics
SourceApuseni Mountains
 • elevation1,460 m (4,790 ft)
MouthKörös (Criș)
 • location
near Gyula,
Hungary
 • coordinates
46°42′1″N 21°16′9″E / 46.70028°N 21.26917°E / 46.70028; 21.26917
Length168 km (104 mi)
Basin size4,450 km2 (1,720 sq mi)
Discharge 
 • locationZerind
 • average31.40 m3/s (1,109 cu ft/s)
 • minimum0.47 m3/s (17 cu ft/s)
 • maximum648 m3/s (22,900 cu ft/s)
Basin features
ProgressionKörös→ Tisza→ Danube→ Black Sea
Tributaries 
 • leftTeuz
 • rightHolod

The Crișul Negru (Black Criș) (Romanian), (Hungarian: Fekete-Körös) is a river in western Romania (Transylvania) and south-eastern Hungary (Békés County). The river has its source in the western Apuseni Mountains of Romania. Flowing through the Romanian towns of Ștei and Beiuș and crossing the border of Hungary, the river, now called Fekete-Körös, joins the Fehér-Körös a few kilometres north from Gyula to form the Körös river.[1] In Romania, its length is 164 km (102 mi) and its basin size is 3,820 km2 (1,470 sq mi).[2] Part of the water from the river Crișul Repede is diverted towards the Crișul Negru by the Criș Collector Canal.

Hydronymy[edit]

The name of this river comes from earlier Dacian Krísos, which meant "black",[3] making this a doublet (cf. Bulg čer "black", Old Church Slavonic čǐrnǔ, Old Prussian kirsnan, Albanian sorrë "raven") with Romanian negru "black". The upper course, upstream from the confluence with the Crișul Băița, is sometimes called Crișul Poienii.

Towns and villages[edit]

The following towns and villages are situated along the Crișul Negru, from source to mouth: Vașcău, Ștei, Rieni, Drăgănești, Tărcaia, Beiuș, Șuncuiuș, Uileacu de Beiuș, Șoimi, Căpâlna, Tinca, Batăr, Avram Iancu, Zerind in Romania, and Sarkad in Hungary.

Tributaries[edit]

The following rivers are tributaries to the Crișul Negru (from source to mouth):[2]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Planul de management al riscului la inundații - Administrația Bazinală de Apă Crișuri, p. 7
  2. ^ a b Atlasul cadastrului apelor din România. Partea 1 (in Romanian). Bucharest: Ministerul Mediului. 1992. pp. 106–113. OCLC 895459847. River code: III.1.42
  3. ^ Katičic', Radislav. Ancient Languages of the Balkans, Part One. Paris: Mouton, 1976: 150.
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