Crișul Negru: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox river |
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{{Geobox |
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| name = Crișul Negru |
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| River |
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| native_name = |
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<!-- *** Name section *** --> |
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| native_name_lang = |
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| name =Crișul Negru |
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| name_other = Fekete-Körös |
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| name_etymology = |
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| other_name =Fekete-Körös |
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<!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> |
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| other_name1 = |
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| image = |
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<!-- *** Image *** ---> |
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| image_size = |
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| image_caption = |
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| pushpin_map = Hungary#Romania |
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<!---------------------- LOCATION --> |
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<!-- *** Country etc. *** --> |
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| subdivision_type1 = Countries |
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| subdivision_name1 = [[Romania]] and [[Hungary]] |
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| state_type = |
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| subdivision_type2 = Counties |
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| region_type = |
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| subdivision_name2 = {{hlist|[[Bihor County|Bihor]]|[[Arad County|Arad]]|[[Békés County|Békés]]}} |
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| district_type = Counties |
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| subdivision_type3 = Towns |
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| subdivision_name3 = {{hlist|[[Beiuș]]|[[Sarkad, Hungary|Sarkad]]}} |
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| country = Romania |
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<!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> |
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| country1 = Hungary |
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| length = {{convert|168|km|mi|abbr=on}} |
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| width_min = |
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| width_avg = |
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| width_max = |
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| depth_min = |
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| district = [[Bihor County]], [[Arad County]]<br>[[Békés County]] |
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| depth_avg = |
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| depth_max = |
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| city = [[Beiuș]], [[Sarkad, Hungary|Sarkad]] |
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| discharge1_location= [[Zerind]] |
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| city1 = |
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| discharge1_min = {{convert|0.47|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} |
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<!-- *** Geography *** --> |
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| discharge1_avg = {{convert|31.40|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} |
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| length = 168 |
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| discharge1_max = {{convert|648|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} |
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| watershed = 4450 |
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<!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> |
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| discharge_location = [[Zerind]] |
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| source1 = [[Apuseni Mountains]] |
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| source1_location = |
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| discharge_max = 648 |
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| source1_coordinates= |
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| discharge_min = 0.47 |
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| source1_elevation = {{convert|1460|m|abbr=on}} |
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| discharge1_location = |
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| mouth = [[Körös|Körös (Criș)]] |
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| mouth_location = near [[Gyula, Hungary|Gyula]],<br />[[Hungary]] |
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<!-- *** Source *** --> |
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| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|46|42|1|N|21|16|9|E|display=inline,title}} |
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| source_name = |
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| mouth_elevation = |
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| source_location = [[Apuseni Mountains]]<br>Junction of headwaters [[Crișul Poienii River|Crișul Poienii]] and [[Crișul Băiței River|Crișul Băiței]] |
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| progression = {{RKörös}} |
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| river_system = |
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| basin_size = {{convert|4450|km2|abbr=on}} |
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| tributaries_left = [[Teuz]] |
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| source_country = |
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| tributaries_right = [[Holod (river)|Holod]] |
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| source_lat_d = |
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| custom_label = |
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| custom_data = |
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| extra = |
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| source_long_d = |
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| source_long_m = |
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| source_long_s = |
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| source_long_EW = |
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| source_elevation = 1460 |
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| source_length = |
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<!-- *** Mouth *** --> |
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| mouth_name =[[Körös River|Körös (Criş)]] |
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| mouth_location =near [[Gyula, Hungary|Gyula]],<br>[[Hungary]] |
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| mouth_district = |
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| mouth_region = |
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| mouth_state = |
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| mouth_country = |
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| mouth_lat_d = 46 |
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| mouth_lat_m = 42 |
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| mouth_lat_s = 1 |
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| mouth_lat_NS = N |
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| mouth_long_d = 21 |
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| mouth_long_m = 16 |
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| mouth_long_s = 9 |
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| mouth_long_EW =E |
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| mouth_elevation = |
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<!-- *** Tributaries *** --> |
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| tributary_left = [[Teuz River|Teuz]] |
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| tributary_left1 = |
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| tributary_right = [[Holod River|Holod]] |
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| tributary_right1 = |
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<!-- *** Free fields *** --> |
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| free = {{PKörös}} |
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| free_type = Progression |
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<!-- *** Map section *** --> |
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| map = |
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| map_size = |
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| map_caption = |
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}} |
}} |
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The '''Crișul Negru''' ([[Romanian language|Romanian]]), ({{lang-hu|Fekete-Körös}}) is a river in western [[Romania]] ([[Transylvania]]) and south-eastern [[Hungary]] ([[Békés |
The '''Crișul Negru''' (Black Criș) ([[Romanian language|Romanian]]), ({{lang-hu|Fekete-Körös}}) is a river in western [[Romania]] ([[Transylvania]]) and south-eastern [[Hungary]] ([[Békés County]]). The river has its source in the western [[Apuseni Mountains]] of Romania. Flowing through the Romanian towns of [[Ștei]] and [[Beiuș]] and crossing the border of Hungary, the river, now called Fekete-Körös, joins the [[Fehér-Körös]] a few kilometres north from [[Gyula, Hungary|Gyula]] to form the [[Körös]] river.<ref>[http://www.mmediu.ro/app/webroot/uploads/files/2016-03-01_PMRI_Crisuri_SEA.pdf Planul de management al riscului la inundații - Administrația Bazinală de Apă Crișuri], p. 7</ref> In Romania, its length is {{convert|164|km|abbr=on}} and its basin size is {{convert|3820|km2|abbr=on}}.{{GeoSource|RO|Atlas|106-113|III.1.42}} Part of the water from the river [[Crișul Repede]] is diverted towards the Crișul Negru by the [[Criș Collector Canal]]. |
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==Hydronymy== |
==Hydronymy== |
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The name of this river comes from earlier [[Dacian language|Dacian]] ''Krísos'', which meant "black",<ref>Katičic', Radislav. ''Ancient Languages of the Balkans, Part One''. Paris: Mouton, 1976: 150.</ref> making this a doublet (cf. Bulg ''čer'' "black", Old Church Slavonic ''čǐrnǔ'', Old Prussian ''kirsnan'', Albanian ''sorrë'' "raven") with Romanian ''negru'' "black". The upper course, upstream from the confluence with the [[Crișul Băița]], is sometimes called ''Crișul Poienii''. |
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The name of this river comes from earlier [[Dacian language|Dacian]] ''Krísos'', which meant "black",<ref>Katičic', Radislav. ''Ancient Languages of the Balkans, Part One''. Paris: Mouton, 1976: 150.</ref> making this a doublet (cf. Bulg ''čer'' "black", Old Church Slavonic ''čǐrnǔ'', Old Prussian ''kirsnan'', Albanian ''sorrë'' "raven") with Romanian ''negru'' "black". |
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==Towns and villages== |
==Towns and villages== |
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The following towns and villages are situated along the Crișul Negru, from source to mouth: [[Vașcău]], [[Ștei]], [[Rieni]], [[Drăgănești, Bihor|Drăgănești]], [[Tărcaia]], [[Beiuș]], [[Șuncuiuș]], [[Uileacu de Beiuș]], [[Șoimi]], [[Căpâlna]], [[Tinca]], [[Batăr]], [[Avram Iancu, Bihor|Avram Iancu]], [[Zerind]] in Romania, and [[Sarkad, Hungary|Sarkad]] in Hungary. |
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==Tributaries== |
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The following towns and villages are situated along the Crișul Negru, from source to mouth: [[Vașcău]] (on Crișul Poienii), [[Ștei]], [[Rieni]], [[Drăgănești, Bihor|Drăgăneşti]], [[Oradea]], [[Tărcaia]], [[Beiuș]], [[Șuncuiuș]], [[Uileacu de Beiuș]], [[Șoimi]], [[Căpâlna]], [[Tinca]], [[Batăr]], [[Avram Iancu, Bihor|Avram Iancu]], [[Zerind]] in Romania, and [[Sarkad, Hungary|Sarkad]] in Hungary. |
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The following rivers are tributaries to the Crișul Negru (from source to mouth):{{GeoSource|RO|Atlas|106-113|III.1.42}} |
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==Headwaters and tributaries== |
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The two headwaters of the Crișul Negru are the [[Crișul Poienii River|Crișul Poienii]] and the [[Crișul Băiței River|Crișul Băiţei]], that are united at [[Ștei]]. The following rivers are tributaries to the Crișul Negru: |
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*Left: [[ |
*Left: [[Criștior]], [[Pârâul Țarinii]], [[Briheni]], [[Valea Mare (Crișul Negru)|Valea Mare (Cusuiuș)]], [[Tărcăița]], [[Finiș (river)|Finiș]], Căldărești, Șerpoasa, [[Valea Mare (Șuncuiș)]], [[Arman (Crișul Negru)|Arman]], Hălgaș, Fieghiu, [[Poclușa (river)|Poclușa]], [[Crișul Mic (Crișul Negru)|Crișul Mic]], [[Rătășel]], [[Beliu (river)|Beliu]], Răchest, [[Teuz]] |
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*Right: [[Crișul |
*Right: [[Crișul Nou]], [[Crișul Băița]], [[Valea Neagră (Crișul Negru)|Valea Neagră]], [[Crăiasa]], [[Crișul Pietros]], [[Talpe]], [[Mizieș]], [[Nimăiești]], Ioaniș, [[Valea Roșie (Crișul Negru)|Valea Roșie]], Prisaca, [[Săliște (Crișul Negru)|Săliște]], [[Holod (river)|Holod]], [[Pusta (Crișul Negru)|Pusta]], [[Saraz (river)|Saraz]], [[Valea Nouă (Crișul Negru)|Valea Nouă]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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* Administrația Națională Apelor Române - Cadastrul Apelor - București |
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* Institutul de Meteorologie și Hidrologie - Rîurile României - București 1971 |
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* Trasee turistice - județul Bihor [http://www.e-calauza.ro/index.php?afiseaza=trasee-turistice-bihor] |
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{{Commons category|Crișul Negru}} |
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===Maps=== |
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{{Portal bar|Romania}} |
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* Harta munții Codru Moma [http://harti.mielu.ro/codru_moma.html] |
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* Harta munții Pădurea Craiului [http://harti.mielu.ro/padurea_craiului.html] |
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* Harta munții Bihor-Vlădeasa [http://harti.mielu.ro/bihor_vladeasa.html] |
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* [http://www.harta-turistica.ro/map.php?ID=10 Harta munţii Apuseni] |
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* Harta Munților Vlădeasa [http://www.harta-turistica.ro/map.php?ID=15&harta=Muntii%20Vladeasa] |
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* [http://www.harta-turistica.ro/map.php?ID=17 Harta Munții Bihor] |
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{{DEFAULTSORT: |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Crișul Negru}} |
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[[Category:Rivers of Romania]] |
[[Category:Rivers of Romania]] |
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[[Category:Crișul Negru basin| ]] |
[[Category:Crișul Negru basin| ]] |
Latest revision as of 13:22, 11 February 2024
Crișul Negru Fekete-Körös | |
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Location | |
Countries | Romania and Hungary |
Counties | |
Towns | |
Physical characteristics | |
Source | Apuseni Mountains |
• elevation | 1,460 m (4,790 ft) |
Mouth | Körös (Criș) |
• location | near Gyula, Hungary |
• coordinates | 46°42′1″N 21°16′9″E / 46.70028°N 21.26917°E |
Length | 168 km (104 mi) |
Basin size | 4,450 km2 (1,720 sq mi) |
Discharge | |
• location | Zerind |
• average | 31.40 m3/s (1,109 cu ft/s) |
• minimum | 0.47 m3/s (17 cu ft/s) |
• maximum | 648 m3/s (22,900 cu ft/s) |
Basin features | |
Progression | Körös→ Tisza→ Danube→ Black Sea |
Tributaries | |
• left | Teuz |
• right | Holod |
The Crișul Negru (Black Criș) (Romanian), (Hungarian: Fekete-Körös) is a river in western Romania (Transylvania) and south-eastern Hungary (Békés County). The river has its source in the western Apuseni Mountains of Romania. Flowing through the Romanian towns of Ștei and Beiuș and crossing the border of Hungary, the river, now called Fekete-Körös, joins the Fehér-Körös a few kilometres north from Gyula to form the Körös river.[1] In Romania, its length is 164 km (102 mi) and its basin size is 3,820 km2 (1,470 sq mi).[2] Part of the water from the river Crișul Repede is diverted towards the Crișul Negru by the Criș Collector Canal.
Hydronymy[edit]
The name of this river comes from earlier Dacian Krísos, which meant "black",[3] making this a doublet (cf. Bulg čer "black", Old Church Slavonic čǐrnǔ, Old Prussian kirsnan, Albanian sorrë "raven") with Romanian negru "black". The upper course, upstream from the confluence with the Crișul Băița, is sometimes called Crișul Poienii.
Towns and villages[edit]
The following towns and villages are situated along the Crișul Negru, from source to mouth: Vașcău, Ștei, Rieni, Drăgănești, Tărcaia, Beiuș, Șuncuiuș, Uileacu de Beiuș, Șoimi, Căpâlna, Tinca, Batăr, Avram Iancu, Zerind in Romania, and Sarkad in Hungary.
Tributaries[edit]
The following rivers are tributaries to the Crișul Negru (from source to mouth):[2]
- Left: Criștior, Pârâul Țarinii, Briheni, Valea Mare (Cusuiuș), Tărcăița, Finiș, Căldărești, Șerpoasa, Valea Mare (Șuncuiș), Arman, Hălgaș, Fieghiu, Poclușa, Crișul Mic, Rătășel, Beliu, Răchest, Teuz
- Right: Crișul Nou, Crișul Băița, Valea Neagră, Crăiasa, Crișul Pietros, Talpe, Mizieș, Nimăiești, Ioaniș, Valea Roșie, Prisaca, Săliște, Holod, Pusta, Saraz, Valea Nouă
References[edit]
- ^ Planul de management al riscului la inundații - Administrația Bazinală de Apă Crișuri, p. 7
- ^ a b Atlasul cadastrului apelor din România. Partea 1 (in Romanian). Bucharest: Ministerul Mediului. 1992. pp. 106–113. OCLC 895459847. River code: III.1.42
- ^ Katičic', Radislav. Ancient Languages of the Balkans, Part One. Paris: Mouton, 1976: 150.