Skiptrace: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Process of locating a person's whereabouts}} |
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{{About||the 2016 film|Skiptrace (film)}} |
{{About||the 2016 film|Skiptrace (film)}} |
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{{More citations needed|date=May 2013}} |
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| ⚫ | '''Skiptracing''' is the process of locating a person's whereabouts. Skiptracing tactics may be employed by a skip tracer, [[Contact tracing|contact tracer]] (in a [[public health]] context), [[debt collection|debt collector]], [[process server]], [[bail bondsman]] or bail agency enforcer ([[bounty hunter]]), [[repossession]] agent, [[private investigator]], [[lawyer]], police [[detective]], [[journalist]], [[stalker]] or by any person attempting to locate a subject whose contact information is not immediately known. Similar techniques have also been used by investigators to locate [[witness]]es in [[criminal trial]]s.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bohm|first=David|date=2007-02-15|title=Practical Handbook for Professional Investigators|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420006407|doi=10.1201/9781420006407|isbn=9780429245268 }}</ref> |
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==Terminology== |
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'''Skip tracing''' (also '''skip tracing''', or '''debtor and fugitive recovery'''<ref name="book">{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=55aPcV-nXRsC&printsec=frontcover&dq=skiptrace&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KfqkUYmOM4HM0wGFzIHACg&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAQ| title=Skip Tracing Basics and Beyond|publisher=iUniverse|date=2012|accessdate=2013-05-28| last=Nash |first=Susan|pages=xii}}</ref>) is the process of locating a person's whereabouts. A '''skip tracer''' is someone who performs this task, which may be the person's primary occupation. The term "skip" (as a noun) refers to the person being searched for, and is derived from the idiomatic expression "to skip town", meaning to depart (perhaps in a rush), leaving minimal clues behind to "trace" the "skip" to a new location. |
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Other terms include '''to skip trace''', or '''debtor and fugitive recovery'''.<ref name="SkipTracingManual2018"/> A '''skip tracer''' is someone who performs this task, which may be the person's primary occupation. The term "skip" (as a noun) refers to the person being searched for, and is derived from the idiomatic expression "to skip town", meaning to depart (perhaps in a rush or perhaps hoping to elude creditors or law enforcement). As such, the skip tracers need to track down ("trace") the "skip" to their new location. The term "skip" is "attested by the mid 14th century, meaning 'to run, go, rush, flee,' and also 'to make off, hasten away'."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/skip |title= Skip|author=<!--Not stated--> |date=20 January 2023|website= www.etymonline.com|publisher=Online Etymological Dictionary |access-date=20 January 2023 |quote=}} |
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</ref> |
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==Methods== |
==Methods== |
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Skiptracing is performed in stages. The first step is gather the basic information about the person, such as first, middle, and last name, variants (e.g. Robert may go by "Rob"), aliases, and nicknames. The person's date of birth, last known physical addresses, email addresses, and phone numbers are also important. The person's social media pages may yield clues about their whereabouts. The skip tracer also gathers historical information such as the names of schools the person attended, as this can generate leads about friends who might know their whereabouts. Skip tracers also gather information about the person's friends, family and business associates. |
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| ⚫ | Records that |
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| ⚫ | Even when no specific information is returned, public and private databases exist that cross-reference skiptracing information with others the "skip" may have lived with in the recent past. For instance, if previous records show a "skip" lived in the same house as a third party, the third party may also be skiptraced in an effort to locate the primary target.{{ |
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Then the skip tracer will start collecting as much information as possible about the subject using Internet searches, databases, public records, and their network of contacts. Often, the job becomes more than research since one must usually employ methods of social engineering, which involves calling or visiting former neighbors or other known contacts to ask about the person, sometimes under false or misleading pretenses.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Blake |first1=William F. |title=A manual of private investigation techniques : developing sophisticated investigative and business skills to meet modern challenges |date=February 1, 2013 |publisher=Charles C Thomas |isbn=9780398088569 |pages=147–165}}</ref> |
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In the past skip tracing used to include things like “Dumpster Diving” and “Pretext calls” to utility companies, these days a lot of skip tracing is conducted online with using paid search sites and phone calls. Websites like Facebook and Myspace have made a skip tracers life a lot easier.Skip tracers will subscribe to a number of paid databases to help them gather and verify information. |
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| ⚫ | Records or Information that skip tracers use may include phone number databases, [[credit report]]s (including information provided on a [[loan application]], [[credit card]] application, and in other debt collector databases), [[job application]] information, [[criminal background check]]s, utility bills, [[social security|Social Security]], [[disability insurance|disability]], and public tax information.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Miller|first=James|date=2018-08-20|title=What is Skip Tracing and How You Can Use It [2019 Update]|url=https://www.searchbug.com/info/what-is-skip-tracing/|access-date=2021-04-09|website=Searchbug Blog|language=en-US}}</ref> While some of these records may be publicly available, some cannot be accessed without an appropriate [[search warrant]], or a specific permissible purpose, which is generally only available to financial institutions, their contracted third-party vendors, law enforcement or licensed private investigators.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ball|first=Craig|title=Cybersleuthing for People Who Still Can't Program Their VCRS|journal=GPSolo}}</ref> |
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== Predictive Skip tracing == |
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Predictive Skip tracing uses advanced analytics to make predictions on where "skips" are located. The use of PAM models (Probable address Models) are vital to businesses who have a large number of customers that skip. PAM modeling can be used to locate people and identify customers who have a high probability to skip. |
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| ⚫ | Even when no specific information is returned, public and private databases exist that cross-reference skiptracing information with others the "skip" may have lived with in the recent past. For instance, if previous records show a "skip" lived in the same house as a third party, the third party may also be skiptraced in an effort to locate the primary target.<ref name="SkipTracingManual2018">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/SkipTracingManual2018|title=Skip Tracing Manual 2018|first=Brad|last=Lyons|date=12 January 2018|publisher=|via=Internet Archive}}</ref> |
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Predictive Skip tracing was started in Australia by Brad Lyons who conducted talks around the area of predicted skip tracing and data in collections. Brad Lyons is also involved in developing OSINT tools and also helps to keep Fravia' alive by hosting a number of backups of searchlores<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://searchlores.co|title=Fravia's web-searching lore: Main entrance|last=fravia+|website=searchlores.co|access-date=2018-05-08}}</ref> and is the author of Vanish. |
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The next step is to verify the information. The information is then analyzed and verified, eliminating some leads as outdated or associated with the wrong person. Sometimes the person's current whereabouts are in the data, but are obfuscated by the sheer amount of information or disinformation. |
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Predictive Skip tracing uses a mix of historical and current data to help deduce a person's current location or probability to skip. In the early days, PAM models would show results with a 70% probability of the person's current address. Now days PAM modeling can return a 100% confidence score on the likelihood the customer is living at the predicted address. |
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In the past, skiptracing included such things as [[dumpster diving]] and [[pretexting|pretext]] calls to utility companies. Currently, skip tracing is largely conducted online using paid databases and phone calls to gather and verify information.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harms |first1=Steven |last2=Larson |first2=Aaron |title=Credit & collections kit for dummies |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-0470555408 |page=197|date=2009-07-31 }}</ref> Modern social media platforms such as Facebook have greatly simplified skiptracing work.<ref name="SkipTracingManual2018"/> |
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PAM models were designed for the Debt collection industry and law enforcement, however multiple industries, including charities) are starting to explore how PAM modeling can be used to help them with customer retention. |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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==References== |
==References== |
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[[Category:Surveillance]] |
[[Category:Surveillance]] |
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Latest revision as of 08:13, 30 March 2024
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (May 2013) |
Skiptracing is the process of locating a person's whereabouts. Skiptracing tactics may be employed by a skip tracer, contact tracer (in a public health context), debt collector, process server, bail bondsman or bail agency enforcer (bounty hunter), repossession agent, private investigator, lawyer, police detective, journalist, stalker or by any person attempting to locate a subject whose contact information is not immediately known. Similar techniques have also been used by investigators to locate witnesses in criminal trials.[1]
Terminology[edit]
Other terms include to skip trace, or debtor and fugitive recovery.[2] A skip tracer is someone who performs this task, which may be the person's primary occupation. The term "skip" (as a noun) refers to the person being searched for, and is derived from the idiomatic expression "to skip town", meaning to depart (perhaps in a rush or perhaps hoping to elude creditors or law enforcement). As such, the skip tracers need to track down ("trace") the "skip" to their new location. The term "skip" is "attested by the mid 14th century, meaning 'to run, go, rush, flee,' and also 'to make off, hasten away'."[3]
Methods[edit]
Skiptracing is performed in stages. The first step is gather the basic information about the person, such as first, middle, and last name, variants (e.g. Robert may go by "Rob"), aliases, and nicknames. The person's date of birth, last known physical addresses, email addresses, and phone numbers are also important. The person's social media pages may yield clues about their whereabouts. The skip tracer also gathers historical information such as the names of schools the person attended, as this can generate leads about friends who might know their whereabouts. Skip tracers also gather information about the person's friends, family and business associates.
Then the skip tracer will start collecting as much information as possible about the subject using Internet searches, databases, public records, and their network of contacts. Often, the job becomes more than research since one must usually employ methods of social engineering, which involves calling or visiting former neighbors or other known contacts to ask about the person, sometimes under false or misleading pretenses.[4]
Records or Information that skip tracers use may include phone number databases, credit reports (including information provided on a loan application, credit card application, and in other debt collector databases), job application information, criminal background checks, utility bills, Social Security, disability, and public tax information.[5] While some of these records may be publicly available, some cannot be accessed without an appropriate search warrant, or a specific permissible purpose, which is generally only available to financial institutions, their contracted third-party vendors, law enforcement or licensed private investigators.[6]
Even when no specific information is returned, public and private databases exist that cross-reference skiptracing information with others the "skip" may have lived with in the recent past. For instance, if previous records show a "skip" lived in the same house as a third party, the third party may also be skiptraced in an effort to locate the primary target.[2]
The next step is to verify the information. The information is then analyzed and verified, eliminating some leads as outdated or associated with the wrong person. Sometimes the person's current whereabouts are in the data, but are obfuscated by the sheer amount of information or disinformation.
In the past, skiptracing included such things as dumpster diving and pretext calls to utility companies. Currently, skip tracing is largely conducted online using paid databases and phone calls to gather and verify information.[7] Modern social media platforms such as Facebook have greatly simplified skiptracing work.[2]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Bohm, David (2007-02-15). Practical Handbook for Professional Investigators. doi:10.1201/9781420006407. ISBN 9780429245268.
- ^ a b c Lyons, Brad (12 January 2018). "Skip Tracing Manual 2018" – via Internet Archive.
- ^ "Skip". www.etymonline.com. Online Etymological Dictionary. 20 January 2023. Retrieved 20 January 2023.
- ^ Blake, William F. (February 1, 2013). A manual of private investigation techniques : developing sophisticated investigative and business skills to meet modern challenges. Charles C Thomas. pp. 147–165. ISBN 9780398088569.
- ^ Miller, James (2018-08-20). "What is Skip Tracing and How You Can Use It [2019 Update]". Searchbug Blog. Retrieved 2021-04-09.
- ^ Ball, Craig. "Cybersleuthing for People Who Still Can't Program Their VCRS". GPSolo.
- ^ Harms, Steven; Larson, Aaron (2009-07-31). Credit & collections kit for dummies. John Wiley & Sons. p. 197. ISBN 978-0470555408.