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{{redirect|Rotula||Rotula (disambiguation)}}
{{Redirect|Rotula||Rotula (disambiguation)}}
[[File:Volumen y Rotulus.jpg|thumb|Volumen and Rotulus]]

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A '''''rotulus''''' (plural ''rotuli'') or '''''rotula''''' (pl. ''rotulae''), often referred to as a "vertical roll,"<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cellard|first=Élénore|title=Ancient Qur'ān Scrolls|date=2019-12-21|url=https://twitter.com/cellardeleonore/status/1208393760532549640?lang=en|publication-date=Dec 21, 2019 |type=Twitter thread |language=English |access-date=2022-11-08}}</ref> is a long and narrow strip of [[writing material]], historically [[papyrus]] or [[parchment]], that is wound around a wooden axle or rod.<ref>{{Cite web |first=James |last=Grout |url=http://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/scroll/scrollcodex.html |title=Scroll and Codex |website=Encyclopaedia Romana}}</ref> ''Rotuli'' are unwound vertically so that the writing runs parallel to the rod,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/whats-on/online/crossing-borders/codex |title=What's On?: From Roll to Codex |website=Bodleian Libraries |publisher=University of Oxford}}</ref> unlike the other kind of roll, called a [[scroll]], whose writing runs perpendicular to the rod in multiple columns.

{{multiple image
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| image1 = MANNapoli 120620 a Fresco young man with rolls from Pompeii Italy.jpg
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| image1 = Giovane con rotolo.JPG
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| image2 = Giovane con rotolo.JPG
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| image2 = MANNapoli 120620 a Fresco young man with rolls from Pompeii Italy.jpg
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| footer = [[Roman portraiture]] [[fresco]]s from [[Pompeii]], 1st century AD, depicting two different men wearing [[laurel wreath]]s, one holding the ''rotulus'', the other a ''[[History of scrolls|volumen]]''
| footer = [[Roman portraiture]] [[fresco]]s from [[Pompeii]], 1st century AD, depicting two different men wearing [[laurel wreath]]s, one holding the ''rotulus'' (left), the other a ''[[History of scrolls|volumen]]'' (right).
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[[File:Busto maschile.JPG|thumb|[[Roman portraiture]] fresco of a young man with a [[papyrus]] [[scroll]], from [[Herculaneum]], 1st century AD]]
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A '''''rotulus''''' (plural ''rotuli'') or '''''rotula''''' (pl. ''rotulae'') is a kind of roll consisting of a long and narrow strip of writing material, historically [[papyrus]] or [[parchment]], that is wound around a wooden axle or rod and is written on its interior face or side<ref>{{cite web |first=James |last=Grout |url=http://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/scroll/scrollcodex.html |title=Scroll and Codex |website=Encyclopaedia Romana}}</ref> such that it is unwound vertically so that the writing runs parallel to the rod,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/whats-on/online/crossing-borders/codex |title=What's On?: From Roll to Codex |website=Bodleian Libraries |publisher=University of Oxford}}</ref> unlike the other kind of roll, namely the "[[scroll]]", whose writing runs perpendicular to the rod in multiple columns.


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''Rotuli'' were used to house legal records in Europe (from which is still derived the title of the judicial functionary denominated the "[[Master of the Rolls]]") and in the [[Byzantine Empire]].<ref name="daly">{{Cite journal |last1=Daly |first1=Lloyd W. |date= April 1973|title=Rotuli: Liturgy Rolls and Formal Documents |url=http://grbs.library.duke.edu/article/viewFile/9191/4607 |journal=Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies |publisher=University of Pennsylvania |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=333–338 |via=GRBS}}</ref>
''Rotuli'' were historically used for:


[[Papyrus 136]] (𝔓<sup>136</sup>) is a rare example of a ''rotulus'' used, front and back, as a manuscript for a portion of the [[New Testament]].
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*Specific legal records in [[Europe]], from which is still derived the title of the judicial functionary denominated the "[[Master of the Rolls]]", and the [[Byzantine Empire]];<ref name="daly">{{cite journal|last1=Daly|first1=Lloyd W.|title=Rotuli: Liturgy Rolls and Formal Documents|journal=Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies|date=1973|volume=14|issue=3|publisher=Duke University|url=http://grbs.library.duke.edu/article/viewFile/9191/4607}}</ref>
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*Liturgical manuscripts, e.g., those used for [[chant]]ing the ''[[Exultet]]''; and
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*Especially [[mortuary roll]]s, i.e., documents memorializing the names of all the deceased members of a [[monastery]] or other institution, which were banded together and circulated so that they could mutually pray for the repose of each other's decedents.<ref name="daly"/>


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''Rotuli'' also have been used as [[liturgical]] manuscripts, e.g., those used for [[chant|chanting]] the ''[[Exultet]]''.
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==See also==
[[Cotex]]


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Additionally, [[mortuary roll]]s, i.e., documents memorializing the names of all the deceased members of a monastery or other institution, which were banded together and circulated so that they could mutually pray for the repose of each other's decedents.<ref name="daly" />
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==References==

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== See also ==
* [[Codex]]
* [[History of scrolls]]
* [[History of books]]

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== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

;Attribution
;Attribution
*{{Catholic|wstitle=Rotuli}} The entry cites:
*{{Catholic|wstitle=Rotuli}} The entry cites:
**[[Léopold Victor Delisle]], ''Rouleaux des morts du IX au XV siecle'' (Paris, 1866);
**[[Léopold Victor Delisle]], ''Rouleaux des morts du IX au XV siecle'' (Paris, 1866);
**____, in Bibl. de l'ecole des Chartes, series II, vol. III; ''Sur l'usage de prier pour les morts'';
**____, in Bibl. de l'ecole des Chartes, series II, vol. III; ''Sur l'usage de prier pour les morts'';
**Thurston, ''A Mediaeval Mortuary-card'' in ''[[The Month]]'' (London, Dec., 1896);
**Thurston, ''A Mediaeval Mortuary-card'' in ''[[The Month]]'' (London, Dec., 1896);
**Nichols in Mem. Archaeolog. Institute (Norwich, 1847);
**Nichols in Mem. Archaeolog. Institute (Norwich, 1847);
**Molinier, ''Obituaires français au moyen-âge'' (Paris, 1886);
**Molinier, ''Obituaires français au moyen-âge'' (Paris, 1886);
**Ebner, ''Gebetsverbruderungen'' (Freiburg, 1891);
**Ebner, ''Gebetsverbruderungen'' (Freiburg, 1891);
**Wattenbach, ''Schriftwesen im Mittelalter'' (3rd ed., Leipzig), 150-74.
**Wattenbach, ''Schriftwesen im Mittelalter'' (3rd ed., Leipzig), 150-74.


[[Category:Documents]]
[[Category:Documents]]
[[Category:Manuscripts]]

Latest revision as of 01:01, 9 April 2024

"Rotula" redirects here. For other uses, see Rotula (disambiguation).
Volumen and Rotulus

A rotulus (plural rotuli) or rotula (pl. rotulae), often referred to as a "vertical roll,"[1] is a long and narrow strip of writing material, historically papyrus or parchment, that is wound around a wooden axle or rod.[2] Rotuli are unwound vertically so that the writing runs parallel to the rod,[3] unlike the other kind of roll, called a scroll, whose writing runs perpendicular to the rod in multiple columns.

Roman portraiture frescos from Pompeii, 1st century AD, depicting two different men wearing laurel wreaths, one holding the rotulus (left), the other a volumen (right).

Rotuli were used to house legal records in Europe (from which is still derived the title of the judicial functionary denominated the "Master of the Rolls") and in the Byzantine Empire.[4]

Papyrus 136 (𝔓136) is a rare example of a rotulus used, front and back, as a manuscript for a portion of the New Testament.

Rotuli also have been used as liturgical manuscripts, e.g., those used for chanting the Exultet.

Additionally, mortuary rolls, i.e., documents memorializing the names of all the deceased members of a monastery or other institution, which were banded together and circulated so that they could mutually pray for the repose of each other's decedents.[4]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Cellard, Élénore (2019-12-21). "Ancient Qur'ān Scrolls" (Twitter thread) (published Dec 21, 2019). Retrieved 2022-11-08.
  2. ^ Grout, James. "Scroll and Codex". Encyclopaedia Romana.
  3. ^ "What's On?: From Roll to Codex". Bodleian Libraries. University of Oxford.
  4. ^ a b Daly, Lloyd W. (April 1973). "Rotuli: Liturgy Rolls and Formal Documents". Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies. 14 (3). University of Pennsylvania: 333–338 – via GRBS.
Attribution
  •  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Rotuli". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. The entry cites:
    • Léopold Victor Delisle, Rouleaux des morts du IX au XV siecle (Paris, 1866);
    • ____, in Bibl. de l'ecole des Chartes, series II, vol. III; Sur l'usage de prier pour les morts;
    • Thurston, A Mediaeval Mortuary-card in The Month (London, Dec., 1896);
    • Nichols in Mem. Archaeolog. Institute (Norwich, 1847);
    • Molinier, Obituaires français au moyen-âge (Paris, 1886);
    • Ebner, Gebetsverbruderungen (Freiburg, 1891);
    • Wattenbach, Schriftwesen im Mittelalter (3rd ed., Leipzig), 150-74.
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