Rotulus: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
mNo edit summary Tags: Visual edit Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
m citation outside punctuation |
||
| (11 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Redirect|Rotula||Rotula (disambiguation)}} |
{{Redirect|Rotula||Rotula (disambiguation)}} |
||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | A '''''rotulus''''' (plural ''rotuli'') or '''''rotula''''' (pl. ''rotulae''), often referred to as a "vertical roll,"<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cellard|first=Élénore|title=Ancient Qur'ān Scrolls|date=2019-12-21|url=https://twitter.com/cellardeleonore/status/1208393760532549640?lang=en|publication-date=Dec 21, 2019 |type=Twitter thread |language=English |access-date=2022-11-08}}</ref> is a long and narrow strip of [[writing material]], historically [[papyrus]] or [[parchment]], that is wound around a wooden axle or rod.<ref>{{Cite web |first=James |last=Grout |url=http://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/scroll/scrollcodex.html |title=Scroll and Codex |website=Encyclopaedia Romana}}</ref> ''Rotuli'' are unwound vertically so that the writing runs parallel to the rod,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/whats-on/online/crossing-borders/codex |title=What's On?: From Roll to Codex |website=Bodleian Libraries |publisher=University of Oxford}}</ref> unlike the other kind of roll, called a [[scroll]], whose writing runs perpendicular to the rod in multiple columns. |
||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | A '''''rotulus''''' (plural ''rotuli'') or '''''rotula''''' (pl. ''rotulae'') |
||
== Historical use == |
|||
{{multiple image |
{{multiple image |
||
| align = |
| align = left |
||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| width1 = 150 |
| width1 = 150 |
||
| alt1 = |
| alt1 = |
||
| caption1 = |
| caption1 = |
||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| width2 = 150 |
| width2 = 150 |
||
| alt2 = |
| alt2 = |
||
| Line 19: | Line 17: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
''Rotuli'' were used to house legal records in Europe (from which is still derived the title of the judicial functionary denominated the "[[Master of the Rolls]]") and in the [[Byzantine Empire]].<ref name="daly">{{Cite journal |last1=Daly |first1=Lloyd W. |date= April 1973|title=Rotuli: Liturgy Rolls and Formal Documents |url=http://grbs.library.duke.edu/article/viewFile/9191/4607 |journal=Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies |publisher=University of Pennsylvania |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=333–338 |via=GRBS}}</ref> |
|||
[[Papyrus 136]] (𝔓<sup>136</sup>) is a rare example of a ''rotulus'' used, front and back, as a manuscript for a portion of the [[New Testament]]. |
|||
Rotuli also have been used as [[ |
''Rotuli'' also have been used as [[liturgical]] manuscripts, e.g., those used for [[chant|chanting]] the ''[[Exultet]]''. |
||
Additionally, [[mortuary roll]]s, i.e., documents memorializing the names of all the deceased members of a |
Additionally, [[mortuary roll]]s, i.e., documents memorializing the names of all the deceased members of a monastery or other institution, which were banded together and circulated so that they could mutually pray for the repose of each other's decedents.<ref name="daly" /> |
||
== See also == |
== See also == |
||
* [[Codex]] |
* [[Codex]] |
||
* [[Scroll]] |
|||
* [[History of scrolls]] |
* [[History of scrolls]] |
||
* [[History of books]] |
* [[History of books]] |
||
Latest revision as of 01:01, 9 April 2024
A rotulus (plural rotuli) or rotula (pl. rotulae), often referred to as a "vertical roll,"[1] is a long and narrow strip of writing material, historically papyrus or parchment, that is wound around a wooden axle or rod.[2] Rotuli are unwound vertically so that the writing runs parallel to the rod,[3] unlike the other kind of roll, called a scroll, whose writing runs perpendicular to the rod in multiple columns.
Roman portraiture frescos from Pompeii, 1st century AD, depicting two different men wearing laurel wreaths, one holding the rotulus (left), the other a volumen (right).
Rotuli were used to house legal records in Europe (from which is still derived the title of the judicial functionary denominated the "Master of the Rolls") and in the Byzantine Empire.[4]
Papyrus 136 (𝔓136) is a rare example of a rotulus used, front and back, as a manuscript for a portion of the New Testament.
Rotuli also have been used as liturgical manuscripts, e.g., those used for chanting the Exultet.
Additionally, mortuary rolls, i.e., documents memorializing the names of all the deceased members of a monastery or other institution, which were banded together and circulated so that they could mutually pray for the repose of each other's decedents.[4]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Cellard, Élénore (2019-12-21). "Ancient Qur'ān Scrolls" (Twitter thread) (published Dec 21, 2019). Retrieved 2022-11-08.
- ^ Grout, James. "Scroll and Codex". Encyclopaedia Romana.
- ^ "What's On?: From Roll to Codex". Bodleian Libraries. University of Oxford.
- ^ a b Daly, Lloyd W. (April 1973). "Rotuli: Liturgy Rolls and Formal Documents". Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies. 14 (3). University of Pennsylvania: 333–338 – via GRBS.
- Attribution
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Rotuli". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. The entry cites:
- Léopold Victor Delisle, Rouleaux des morts du IX au XV siecle (Paris, 1866);
- ____, in Bibl. de l'ecole des Chartes, series II, vol. III; Sur l'usage de prier pour les morts;
- Thurston, A Mediaeval Mortuary-card in The Month (London, Dec., 1896);
- Nichols in Mem. Archaeolog. Institute (Norwich, 1847);
- Molinier, Obituaires français au moyen-âge (Paris, 1886);
- Ebner, Gebetsverbruderungen (Freiburg, 1891);
- Wattenbach, Schriftwesen im Mittelalter (3rd ed., Leipzig), 150-74.
