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Coordinates: 53°52′30″N 3°00′43″W / 53.8749°N 3.0120°W / 53.8749; -3.0120
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→‎top: The image in the infobox may be more recent but it obscures the bottom half of the mill. I've replaced it with a superior photo, and moved the leading image below
 
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{{for|the community in California|Marsh Mill, California}}
{{for|the historic home in Maryland, United States|Marsh Mills}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox windmill
{{Infobox windmill
| name = Marsh Mill
| name = Marsh Mill
| image = [[File:Marsh Mill, Thornton - geograph.org.uk - 1128262.jpg|220px]]
| image = File:Windmill at Marsh Mill - geograph.org.uk - 1534156.jpg
| caption =
| image_size = 200px
⚫
| caption =
| name_of_mill =
| name_of_mill =
| location_of_mill = [[Thornton, Lancashire]]
| location_of_mill = [[Thornton, Lancashire]]
| gbgridref = SD 335 426
| gbgridref = SD 335 426
| lat = 53.8749
| coordinates = {{coord|53.8749|-3.0120|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline,title}}
⚫
| long = -3.0120
| operator =
| operator =
| built = 1794
| built = 1794
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| delisted1_date =
| delisted1_date =
| designation1_partof =
| designation1_partof =
| designation1_number = {{NHLE|num=1073150|short=y|ps=none}}
| designation1_number = {{NHLE|num=1073150|short=y}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
[[File:Marsh Mill 2023.jpg|thumb|Marsh Mill in 2023]]
'''Marsh Mill''' is an 18th-century [[tower mill|tower]] [[windmill]] in [[Thornton, Lancashire]], England. It was built in 1794 by Ralph Slater for local landowner Bold Hesketh. It functioned as a [[corn mill]] until the 1920s and has been fully restored. It is a good example of a complete English windmill and has been designated a Grade II* [[listed building]].<ref name=EH />
'''Marsh Mill''' is an 18th-century [[tower mill|tower]] [[windmill]] in [[Thornton, Lancashire]], England. It was built in 1794 by [[Ralph Slater]] for local landowner Bold Hesketh. It functioned as a [[Gristmill|corn mill]] until the 1920s and has been fully restored. It is a good example of a complete English windmill and has been designated a Grade II* [[listed building]].<ref name=EH />


==History==
==History==
Marsh Mill was commissioned by local landowner Bold Hesketh of [[Rossall Hall]] and built in 1794 by [[The Fylde|Fylde]] [[millwright]] Ralph Slater.<ref name=Rennison /><ref name=Fields /> Marsh Mill was named after the marshy area in the north Fylde that was drained by Hesketh for the mill's construction.<ref name=CouncilHist /> Slater was a well-known millwright in the area; he also built mills at [[Pilling]] and [[Clifton, Lancashire|Clifton]].<ref name=Pevsner /> The mill was initially used to grind different grades of flour.<ref name=Bils /> From the early 19th century, it was used to grind meal for farm animal feed.<ref name=CouncilHist /><ref name=Bils /> In the 19th century, the original chain and wheel winding gear was replaced with a four bladed [[Windmill fantail|fantail]].<ref name=EH /><ref name=Bils /> The original [[Windmill sail#Common sails|common sails]] were replaced with [[patent sails]] in 1896.<ref name=EH /> The mill stopped working in the 1920s.<ref name=Ashmore /> From 1928–1935 Marsh Mill functioned as a café.<ref name=CouncilHist /> In 1930, two women who intended to buy the mill fell and died while inspecting it when the fantail staging collapsed when they stood on it.<ref name=CouncilHist />
Marsh Mill was commissioned by local landowner Bold Hesketh of [[Rossall#Rossall Hall|Rossall Hall]] and built in 1794 by [[The Fylde|Fylde]] [[millwright]] Ralph Slater.<ref name=Rennison /><ref name=Fields /> Marsh Mill was named after the marshy area in the north Fylde that was drained by Hesketh for the mill's construction.<ref name=CouncilHist /> Slater was a well-known millwright in the area; he also built mills at [[Damside Windmill|Pilling]] and [[Clifton, Lancashire|Clifton]].<ref name=Pevsner /> The mill was initially used to grind different grades of flour.<ref name=Bils /> From the early 19th century, it was used to grind meal for farm animal feed.<ref name=CouncilHist /><ref name=Bils /> In the 19th century, the original chain and wheel winding gear was replaced with a four bladed [[Windmill fantail|fantail]].<ref name=EH /><ref name=Bils /> The original [[Windmill sail#Common sails|common sails]] were replaced with [[Windmill sail#Patent sails|patent sails]] in 1896.<ref name=EH /> The mill stopped working in the 1920s.<ref name=Ashmore /> From 1928 to 1935 Marsh Mill functioned as a café.<ref name=CouncilHist /> In 1930, two women who intended to buy the mill fell and died while inspecting it when the fantail staging collapsed when they stood on it.<ref name=CouncilHist />


It was designated a Grade II* [[listed building]] on 24 March 1950.<ref name=EH /> The Grade II* designation—the second highest of the three grades—is for "particularly important buildings of more than special interest".<ref name=ListedBuildings /> Beginning in 1965, a 20-year restoration took place by the Marsh Mill Preservation Society.<ref name=Pevsner /> Further restoration was completed in 1990, bringing the machinery to full working order.<ref name=EH /><ref name=CouncilHist /> It has been described as the "best preserved" and "finest" windmill in the north-west of England.<ref name=Pevsner /><ref name=Bils /><ref name=Brown /> English Heritage have called it "an exceptionally complete example of a tower windmill in a national context".<ref name=EH />
It was designated a Grade II* [[listed building]] on 24 March 1950.<ref name=EH /> The Grade II* designation—the second highest of the three grades—is for "particularly important buildings of more than special interest".<ref name=ListedBuildings /> Beginning in 1965, a 20-year restoration took place by the Marsh Mill Preservation Society.<ref name=Pevsner /> Further restoration was completed in 1990, bringing the machinery to full working order.<ref name=EH /><ref name=CouncilHist /> It has been described as the "best preserved" and "finest" windmill in the north-west of England.<ref name=Pevsner /><ref name=Bils /><ref name=Brown /> English Heritage have called it "an exceptionally complete example of a tower windmill in a national context".<ref name=EH />


==Structure==
==Structure==
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;Footnotes
;Footnotes
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em|refs=
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em|refs=
<ref name=EH>{{Citation | title =Marsh Mill | work = National Heritage List for England | publisher = [[English Heritage]] | url = http://list.english-heritage.org.uk/resultsingle.aspx?uid=1073150 | accessdate =17 June 2011
<ref name=EH>{{NHLE | desc =Marsh Mill | num = 1073150 | access-date =17 June 2011 | mode = cs2
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
<ref name=Pevsner>[[#Pevsner|Hartwell & Pevsner]], pp. 667–68</ref>
<ref name=Pevsner>[[#Pevsner|Hartwell & Pevsner]], pp. 667–68</ref>
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<ref name=Rennison>[[#Rennison|Rennison]], pp. 216–17</ref>
<ref name=Rennison>[[#Rennison|Rennison]], pp. 216–17</ref>
<ref name=Ashmore>[[#Ashmore|Ashmore]], p. 225</ref>
<ref name=Ashmore>[[#Ashmore|Ashmore]], p. 225</ref>
<ref name=ListedBuildings>{{Citation |url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/caring/listing/listed-buildings/ | title=Listed Buildings |accessdate=13 June 2011 |work = National Heritage List for England | publisher = English Heritage
<ref name=ListedBuildings>{{Citation
|url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/caring/listing/listed-buildings/
|title=Listed Buildings
|access-date=13 June 2011
|work=National Heritage List for England
|publisher=English Heritage
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126151823/http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/caring/listing/listed-buildings
⚫
<ref name=Council>{{Citation | title = Marsh Mill&nbsp;— Introduction | work = ''wyrebc.gov.uk'' | publisher = Wyre Borough Council | url = http://www.wyrebc.gov.uk/Page.aspx?PvnID=48760&PgeID=48566&BrdCb=1-1447-1448 | accessdate =17 June 2011
|archive-date=26 January 2013
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
⚫
<ref name=Council>{{Citation | title = Marsh Mill&nbsp;— Introduction | work = wyrebc.gov.uk | publisher = Wyre Borough Council | url = http://www.wyrebc.gov.uk/Page.aspx?PvnID=48760&PgeID=48566&BrdCb=1-1447-1448 | access-date = 17 June 2011 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110722204702/http://www.wyrebc.gov.uk/Page.aspx?PvnID=48760&PgeID=48566&BrdCb=1-1447-1448 | archive-date = 22 July 2011 }}</ref>
<ref name=Bils>[[#Bilsborough|Bilsborough]], p. 48</ref>
<ref name=Bils>[[#Bilsborough|Bilsborough]], p. 48</ref>
<ref name=CouncilHist>{{Citation | title = Marsh Mill&nbsp;— A Brief History&nbsp;— Introduction | work = ''wyrebc.gov.uk'' | publisher = Wyre Borough Council | url = http://www.wyrebc.gov.uk/Page.aspx?PvnID=55521&PgeID=48580&BrdCb=1-24-25-48566| accessdate =17 June 2011
<ref name=CouncilHist>{{Citation | title = Marsh Mill&nbsp;— A Brief History&nbsp;— Introduction | work = wyrebc.gov.uk | publisher = Wyre Borough Council | url = http://www.wyrebc.gov.uk/Page.aspx?PvnID=55521&PgeID=48580&BrdCb=1-24-25-48566 | access-date = 17 June 2011 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110722204623/http://www.wyrebc.gov.uk/Page.aspx?PvnID=55521&PgeID=48580&BrdCb=1-24-25-48566 | archive-date = 22 July 2011 }}</ref>
}}</ref>
}}
}}
;Sources
;Sources
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| last = Brown
| last = Brown
| first = R. J.
| first = R. J.
| authorlink =
| title = Windmills of England
| title = Windmills of England
| publisher = Hale
| publisher = Hale
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| last = Fields
| last = Fields
| first = Kenneth
| first = Kenneth
| authorlink =
| title = Lancashire Magic & Mystery: Secrets of the Red Rose County
| title = Lancashire Magic & Mystery: Secrets of the Red Rose County
| publisher = Sigma
| publisher = Sigma
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| title = [[Pevsner Architectural Guides|Lancashire: North]]
| title = [[Pevsner Architectural Guides|Lancashire: North]]
| publisher = [[Yale University Press]]
| publisher = [[Yale University Press]]
| location = New Haven and London
| location = New Haven and London
| year = 2009
| year = 2009
| origyear = 1969
| orig-year = 1969
| isbn = 0-300-12667-0
| isbn = 0-300-12667-0
| ref = Pevsner}}
| ref = Pevsner}}
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| last = Rennison
| last = Rennison
| first = Robert William
| first = Robert William
| authorlink =
| title = Civil Engineering Heritage: Northern England
| title = Civil Engineering Heritage: Northern England
| publisher = Thomas Telford
| publisher = Thomas Telford
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{{Borough of Wyre buildings}}
{{Borough of Wyre buildings}}


⚫
[[Category:Buildings and structures in the Borough of Wyre]]
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{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2011}}

⚫
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Wyre]]
[[Category:Grade II* listed buildings in Lancashire]]
[[Category:Grade II* listed buildings in Lancashire]]
[[Category:Grade II* listed windmills]]
[[Category:Grade II* listed windmills]]

Latest revision as of 17:03, 10 April 2024

For the historic home in Maryland, United States, see Marsh Mills.

Marsh Mill
Map
Origin
Mill locationThornton, Lancashire
Grid referenceSD 335 426
Coordinates53°52′30″N 3°00′43″W / 53.8749°N 3.0120°W / 53.8749; -3.0120
Year built1794
Information
PurposeCorn mill
TypeTower mill
StoreysFive
No. of sailsFour
Type of sailsPatent sails
WindshaftCast iron
WindingFantail
Fantail bladesEight
No. of pairs of millstonesFour
Listed Building – Grade II*
Designated24 March 1950
Reference no.1073150
Marsh Mill in 2023

Marsh Mill is an 18th-century tower windmill in Thornton, Lancashire, England. It was built in 1794 by Ralph Slater for local landowner Bold Hesketh. It functioned as a corn mill until the 1920s and has been fully restored. It is a good example of a complete English windmill and has been designated a Grade II* listed building.[1]

History[edit]

Marsh Mill was commissioned by local landowner Bold Hesketh of Rossall Hall and built in 1794 by Fylde millwright Ralph Slater.[2][3] Marsh Mill was named after the marshy area in the north Fylde that was drained by Hesketh for the mill's construction.[4] Slater was a well-known millwright in the area; he also built mills at Pilling and Clifton.[5] The mill was initially used to grind different grades of flour.[6] From the early 19th century, it was used to grind meal for farm animal feed.[4][6] In the 19th century, the original chain and wheel winding gear was replaced with a four bladed fantail.[1][6] The original common sails were replaced with patent sails in 1896.[1] The mill stopped working in the 1920s.[7] From 1928 to 1935 Marsh Mill functioned as a café.[4] In 1930, two women who intended to buy the mill fell and died while inspecting it when the fantail staging collapsed when they stood on it.[4]

It was designated a Grade II* listed building on 24 March 1950.[1] The Grade II* designation—the second highest of the three grades—is for "particularly important buildings of more than special interest".[8] Beginning in 1965, a 20-year restoration took place by the Marsh Mill Preservation Society.[5] Further restoration was completed in 1990, bringing the machinery to full working order.[1][4] It has been described as the "best preserved" and "finest" windmill in the north-west of England.[5][6][9] English Heritage have called it "an exceptionally complete example of a tower windmill in a national context".[1]

Structure[edit]

Marsh Mill is built of rendered brick; it is more than 70 feet (21 m) tall and has five storeys.[6][10] The tower tapers and it has plain square windows.[5] There is a two-storey kiln house attached.[1] The ground floor and first floor are storage areas and have drying rooms.[6] The second floor is the meal floor.[1] It contains corn-dressing machinery.[6] At the second floor, there is an external wooden stage that encircles the tower and is supported by stone corbels at the first floor level.[1] This staging gives access to the sails.[6]

The third floor is the stone floor, which contains four sets of millstones.[1] The top floor is the dust floor.[6] Like many Fylde windmills, the tower is topped with a boat-shaped wooden cap.[1][6] It now has a "Lees Flyer" fantail.[5]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Footnotes
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Historic England, "Marsh Mill (1073150)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 17 June 2011
  2. ^ Rennison, pp. 216–17
  3. ^ Fields, pp. 150–51
  4. ^ a b c d e "Marsh Mill — A Brief History — Introduction", wyrebc.gov.uk, Wyre Borough Council, archived from the original on 22 July 2011, retrieved 17 June 2011
  5. ^ a b c d e Hartwell & Pevsner, pp. 667–68
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Bilsborough, p. 48
  7. ^ Ashmore, p. 225
  8. ^ "Listed Buildings", National Heritage List for England, English Heritage, archived from the original on 26 January 2013, retrieved 13 June 2011
  9. ^ Brown, p. 118
  10. ^ "Marsh Mill — Introduction", wyrebc.gov.uk, Wyre Borough Council, archived from the original on 22 July 2011, retrieved 17 June 2011
Sources

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marsh_Mill&oldid=1218255423"