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A former business partner of military ruler [[Manuel Noriega]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8119843.html |title=Panama Casts Votes for Leader |author=Phillip Bennett |date=May 8, 1999 |work=The Boston Globe |accessdate=September 2, 2012}} {{subscription required}}</ref> Duque was selected by Noriega to head the pro-Noriega Democratic Revolutionary Party (PRD) in 1988.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1170212.html |title=Noriega Celebrates Reagan Departure; Panamanian Problem Remains Unsolved as Bush Takes Office |author=William Branigin |date=January 21, 1989 |work=The Washington Post |accessdate=September 2, 2012}} {{subscription required}}</ref> The following year, he stood as the party's presidential candidate.<ref name=AP2 /> Future PRD president [[Ernesto Pérez Balladares]] served as his campaign manager.<ref name=NYT1>{{cite web |url=http://www.nytimes.com/1994/02/21/world/panama-journal-democracy-at-work-under-shadow-of-dictators.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm |title=Panama Journal; Democracy at Work, Under Shadow of Dictators |author=Howard W. French |date=February 21, 1994 |work=The New York Times |archivedate=September 2, 2012 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6APOVeUGM |accessdate=September 2, 2012}}</ref>
A former business partner of military ruler [[Manuel Noriega]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8119843.html |title=Panama Casts Votes for Leader |author=Phillip Bennett |date=May 8, 1999 |work=The Boston Globe |accessdate=September 2, 2012}} {{subscription required}}</ref> Duque was selected by Noriega to head the pro-Noriega Democratic Revolutionary Party (PRD) in 1988.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1170212.html |title=Noriega Celebrates Reagan Departure; Panamanian Problem Remains Unsolved as Bush Takes Office |author=William Branigin |date=January 21, 1989 |work=The Washington Post |accessdate=September 2, 2012}} {{subscription required}}</ref> The following year, he stood as the party's presidential candidate.<ref name=AP2 /> Future PRD president [[Ernesto Pérez Balladares]] served as his campaign manager.<ref name=NYT1>{{cite web |url=http://www.nytimes.com/1994/02/21/world/panama-journal-democracy-at-work-under-shadow-of-dictators.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm |title=Panama Journal; Democracy at Work, Under Shadow of Dictators |author=Howard W. French |date=February 21, 1994 |work=The New York Times |archivedate=September 2, 2012 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6APOVeUGM |accessdate=September 2, 2012}}</ref>


Duque's primary rival for the presidency, [[Guillermo Endara]], ran atop the ticket of the Democratic Alliance of Civic Opposition (ADOC), a coalition of parties opposed to Noriega. After the voting concluded, international observers{{who|date=October 2012}} reported that Endara's coalition was leading by a 3-to-1 margin{{Citation needed|date=October 2012}}, but the results were annulled by the Noriega government before counting was complete.<ref name=AP2>{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-156057540.html |title=Endara's Coalition Faces Difficult Test |agency=Associated Press |date=December 21, 1989 |work=Albany Times Union |archivedate=August 31, 2012 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6ALGH89ZW |accessdate=August 31, 2012}} {{subscription required}}</ref>
Duque's primary rival for the presidency, [[Guillermo Endara]], ran atop the ticket of the Democratic Alliance of Civic Opposition (ADOC), a coalition of parties opposed to Noriega. After the voting concluded, international observers reported that Endara's coalition was leading by a 3-to-1 margin, but the results were annulled by the Noriega government before counting was complete.<ref name=AP2>{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-156057540.html |title=Endara's Coalition Faces Difficult Test |agency=Associated Press |date=December 21, 1989 |work=Albany Times Union |archivedate=August 31, 2012 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6ALGH89ZW |accessdate=August 31, 2012}} {{subscription required}}</ref>


The next day, Endara and one of his running mates, [[Guillermo Ford]], were badly beaten by a detachment of [[Dignity Battalions]], a paramilitary group supporting Noriega.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1989-05-11/news/8901240885_1_guillermo-endara-dignity-battalions-noriega-regime |title=Panama Violence Spreads Thugs Attack 3 Anti-noriega Candidates |author=Gregory Katz |date=May 11, 1989 |work=South Florida Sun-Sentinel |archivedate=August 31, 2012 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AL2v9l5Z |accessdate=August 31, 2012}}</ref><ref name=NYT>{{cite news |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/30/world/americas/30endara.html|title=Guillermo Endara, Who Helped Lead Panama From Noriega to Democracy, Dies at 73|accessdate=August 31, 2012 |work=The New York Times|author=Douglas Martin |date=September 30, 2009}}</ref> Endara was struck with an iron club and was briefly hospitalized, receiving eight stitches.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hfJRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Zm4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=4927,3893446&dq=endara+stitches&hl=en |title=Panama declares election result void; Endara hurt |date=May 11, 1989 |work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |archivedate=August 31, 2012 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AL3Ct4Vv |accessdate=August 31, 2012}}</ref> Images of the attack on Endara and Ford were carried by media around the world, and were credited with leading up to the US invasion that would soon follow.<ref name=NYT /><ref name=WP90>{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1107830.html |title=Panama's Philosopher Pol;Ricardo Arias Calderon's Leap From Exiled Academic to Vice President |author=Myra MacPherson |date=January 30, 1990 |work=The Washington Post |accessdate=August 31, 2012}} {{subscription required}}</ref><ref name=I>{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-20832533.html |title=Guillermo Endara |author=Phil Davison |date=October 2, 2009 |work=The Independent |accessdate=August 31, 2012}}{{subscription required}}</ref>
The next day, Endara and one of his running mates, [[Guillermo Ford]], were badly beaten by a detachment of [[Dignity Battalions]], a paramilitary group supporting Noriega.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1989-05-11/news/8901240885_1_guillermo-endara-dignity-battalions-noriega-regime |title=Panama Violence Spreads Thugs Attack 3 Anti-noriega Candidates |author=Gregory Katz |date=May 11, 1989 |work=South Florida Sun-Sentinel |archivedate=August 31, 2012 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AL2v9l5Z |accessdate=August 31, 2012}}</ref><ref name=NYT>{{cite news |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/30/world/americas/30endara.html|title=Guillermo Endara, Who Helped Lead Panama From Noriega to Democracy, Dies at 73|accessdate=August 31, 2012 |work=The New York Times|author=Douglas Martin |date=September 30, 2009}}</ref> Endara was struck with an iron club and was briefly hospitalized, receiving eight stitches.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hfJRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Zm4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=4927,3893446&dq=endara+stitches&hl=en |title=Panama declares election result void; Endara hurt |date=May 11, 1989 |work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |archivedate=August 31, 2012 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AL3Ct4Vv |accessdate=August 31, 2012}}</ref> Images of the attack on Endara and Ford were carried by media around the world, and were credited with leading up to the US invasion that would soon follow.<ref name=NYT /><ref name=WP90>{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1107830.html |title=Panama's Philosopher Pol;Ricardo Arias Calderon's Leap From Exiled Academic to Vice President |author=Myra MacPherson |date=January 30, 1990 |work=The Washington Post |accessdate=August 31, 2012}} {{subscription required}}</ref><ref name=I>{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-20832533.html |title=Guillermo Endara |author=Phil Davison |date=October 2, 2009 |work=The Independent |accessdate=August 31, 2012}}{{subscription required}}</ref>

Revision as of 12:02, 21 October 2012

Carlos Duque
NationalityPanamanian
Occupation(s)businessman, politician
Known for1989 presidential campaign
Political partyDemocratic Revolutionary Party (PRD)

Carlos Duque is a Panamanian politician best known for being the presidential candidate of the Democratic Revolutionary Party in the annulled 1989 presidential election.

A former business partner of military ruler Manuel Noriega,[1] Duque was selected by Noriega to head the pro-Noriega Democratic Revolutionary Party (PRD) in 1988.[2] The following year, he stood as the party's presidential candidate.[3] Future PRD president Ernesto Pérez Balladares served as his campaign manager.[4]

Duque's primary rival for the presidency, Guillermo Endara, ran atop the ticket of the Democratic Alliance of Civic Opposition (ADOC), a coalition of parties opposed to Noriega. After the voting concluded, international observers reported that Endara's coalition was leading by a 3-to-1 margin, but the results were annulled by the Noriega government before counting was complete.[3]

The next day, Endara and one of his running mates, Guillermo Ford, were badly beaten by a detachment of Dignity Battalions, a paramilitary group supporting Noriega.[5][6] Endara was struck with an iron club and was briefly hospitalized, receiving eight stitches.[7] Images of the attack on Endara and Ford were carried by media around the world, and were credited with leading up to the US invasion that would soon follow.[6][8][9]

Duque was an opponent of the 1989 US invasion of Panama which deposed Noriega, calling it "the biggest error" and urging "nationalist parties" to battle US forces.[10]

Several months after the invasion, US federal prosecutors accused Duque's company, Transit S.A., of funneling millions of dollars in kickbacks to the former ruler from a coffee-smuggling operation.[11]

In 1999, he worked on the campaign of PRD presidential candidate Martín Torrijos, son of former dictator Omar Torrijos.[12] Martín Torrijos lost the presidential election that year to Mireya Moscoso, but went on to win in 2004.

References

  1. ^ Phillip Bennett (May 8, 1999). "Panama Casts Votes for Leader". The Boston Globe. Retrieved September 2, 2012. (subscription required)
  2. ^ William Branigin (January 21, 1989). "Noriega Celebrates Reagan Departure; Panamanian Problem Remains Unsolved as Bush Takes Office". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 2, 2012. (subscription required)
  3. ^ a b "Endara's Coalition Faces Difficult Test". Albany Times Union. Associated Press. December 21, 1989. Archived from the original on August 31, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012. (subscription required)
  4. ^ Howard W. French (February 21, 1994). "Panama Journal; Democracy at Work, Under Shadow of Dictators". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 2, 2012. Retrieved September 2, 2012.
  5. ^ Gregory Katz (May 11, 1989). "Panama Violence Spreads Thugs Attack 3 Anti-noriega Candidates". South Florida Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on August 31, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.
  6. ^ a b Douglas Martin (September 30, 2009). "Guillermo Endara, Who Helped Lead Panama From Noriega to Democracy, Dies at 73". The New York Times. Retrieved August 31, 2012.
  7. ^ "Panama declares election result void; Endara hurt". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. May 11, 1989. Archived from the original on August 31, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.
  8. ^ Myra MacPherson (January 30, 1990). "Panama's Philosopher Pol;Ricardo Arias Calderon's Leap From Exiled Academic to Vice President". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 31, 2012. (subscription required)
  9. ^ Phil Davison (October 2, 2009). "Guillermo Endara". The Independent. Retrieved August 31, 2012.(subscription required)
  10. ^ Alina Guerrero (December 20, 1990). "Noriega backers call invasion 'genocide'". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved September 2, 2012. (subscription required)
  11. ^ "Noriega Tied To Smuggling Of Coffee;Kickbacks Alleged To Reach Millions". The Washington Post. February 15, 1990. Retrieved September 2, 2012. (subscription required)
  12. ^ "Another Torrijos". The Economist.  – via HighBeam Research (subscription required) . March 27, 1999. Retrieved September 18, 2012.

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