Pierre Quesnel: Difference between revisions
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'''Pierre Quesnel''' (c. 1502 – c. 1580) was a 16th-century French artist who worked in Scotland. |
'''Pierre Quesnel''' (c. 1502 – c. 1580) was a 16th-century French artist who worked in Scotland. |
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Pierre worked in Scotland for [[Mary of Guise]] and [[James V of Scotland|James V]]. He is listed as an Usher in Guise's household and is identified as the queen's painter in the Scottish ''Treasurer's Accounts''.<ref>Apted & Hannabuss, ''Dictionary of Scottish Painters'' (SRS, 1978), p. 77: Thomas, Andrea, ''Princelie Majestie'' (John Donald, 2005), p. 85: ''Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland'', vol. 8 (Edinburgh), pp. 59, 77, 84, 92.</ref> |
Pierre worked in Scotland for [[Mary of Guise]] and [[James V of Scotland|James V]]. He is listed as an Usher in Guise's household and is identified as the queen's painter in the Scottish ''Treasurer's Accounts''.<ref>Apted & Hannabuss, ''Dictionary of Scottish Painters'' (SRS, 1978), p. 77: Thomas, Andrea, ''Princelie Majestie'' (John Donald, 2005), p. 85: ''Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland'', vol. 8 (Edinburgh), pp. 59, 77, 84, 92.</ref> Artists at the French court were sometimes given positions as ushers or [[valet de chambre|valets]].<ref>[http://www.portrait-renaissance.fr/Artistes/charges_remunerations.html Table of French court artists' salaries and appointments (in French)]</ref> Pierre Quesnel, described as "Perys the uscher", was given £10 at the time of Mary of Guise's coronation.<ref>''Accounts of the Treasurer of Scotland,'' vol. 7 (Edinburgh, 1907), p. 296.</ref> According to an inscription on the back of a portrait of his son Nicholas, he married Madeleine Digby in Scotland,<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=V8L-yuXrg5MC&source=gbs_navlinks_s Reiset, Frederic, ''Notice des dessins, cartons, pastels ... du Louvre'' (Paris, 1869), pp. 411-413]</ref> and his eldest son the painter [[François Quesnel]] was born in Edinburgh.<ref>Benezit, Emmanuel, ''Dictionnaire Des Peintres, Sculpteurs, Dessinateurs Et Graveurs'', 14 vols. (1911-1920/1999), quotes Marolles on biography of Pierre.</ref> |
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Other French craftsmen working on the Scottish royal palace include the woodcarver and metal-worker [[Andrew Mansioun]] and the mason [[Nicolas Roy (mason)|Nicolas Roy]]. Pierre Quesnel seems to have returned to France with his family around the year 1544. His sons Nicolas and Jacques were also artists, and a number of chalk portraits by François and Nicolas survive. Jacques's work is known only through a single drawing, ''Time slaying Youth''.<ref>Brugerolles & Guillet, ''The Renaissance in France'' (ENSBA/Harvard, 1995), p. 210.</ref> |
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| ⚫ | Pierre's work is also mostly lost, excepting an ''Architectural Study'' after [[Jacques I Androuet du Cerceau|Jacques Androuet du Cerceau]], preserved at the [[École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts]] in Paris, and another drawing, a view called ''Château of [[Sées]]''.<ref>Brugerolles & Guillet (1995), 210-11 & note1, (?Château d'O, 9km from Sées).</ref> The [[Michel de Marolles|Abbé de Marolles]], a seventeenth-century French writer, recorded Pierre in verse as the designer of a stained-glass window for the Eglise des Augustins in Paris in 1557, with subject, ''Ascension of Christ with Portraits of [[Henry II of France|Henri II]] and [[Catherine de Medici]]'', now destroyed. Marolles also stated that Pierre and his son François designed [[tapestry|tapestries]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ygikKt8ujU8C&source=gbs_navlinks_s Jannet, P., ed., ''Marolles' Livre des Peintres et Graveurs'', Paris (1855)] 49–51.</ref> Although these works are destroyed, there is a portrait of Pierre himself made by Nicolas or François in 1574.<ref>Preserved at the Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Cabinet des Estampes, call no. Na 22: cf. drawing ENSBA website.</ref> The historian Andrea Thomas argued from Pierre's small salary as an usher in Scotland that he was a decorative painter rather a portrait artist.<ref>Thomas, Andrea, ''Princelie Majestie, the court of James V'' (John Donald, 2005), p. 85.</ref> Pierre and François are recorded painting panelling and chimneypieces in Paris in 1570.<ref>Grodecki,Cathérine, ''Histoire de l'art au XVIe siècle, 1540–1600'', vol. 2, (Archives Nationales: Paris, 1986), pp. 24, 203-204 no. 830</ref> |
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| ⚫ | Pierre Quesnel's work is also mostly lost, excepting an ''Architectural Study'' after [[Jacques I Androuet du Cerceau|Jacques Androuet du Cerceau]], preserved at the [[École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts]] in Paris, and another drawing, a view called ''Château of [[Sées]]''.<ref>Brugerolles & Guillet (1995), 210-11 & note1, (?Château d'O, 9km from Sées).</ref> The [[Michel de Marolles|Abbé de Marolles]], a seventeenth-century French writer, recorded Pierre in verse as the designer of a stained-glass window for the Eglise des Augustins in Paris in 1557, with subject, ''Ascension of Christ with Portraits of [[Henry II of France|Henri II]] and [[Catherine de Medici]]'', now destroyed. Marolles also stated that Pierre and his son François designed [[tapestry|tapestries]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ygikKt8ujU8C&source=gbs_navlinks_s Jannet, P., ed., ''Marolles' Livre des Peintres et Graveurs'', Paris (1855)] 49–51.</ref> Although these works are destroyed, there is a portrait of Pierre himself made by Nicolas or François in 1574.<ref>Preserved at the Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Cabinet des Estampes, call no. Na 22: cf. drawing ENSBA website.</ref> The historian Andrea Thomas argued from Pierre's small salary as an usher in Scotland that he was a decorative painter rather a portrait artist.<ref>Thomas, Andrea, ''Princelie Majestie, the court of James V'' (John Donald, 2005), p. 85.</ref> Pierre and François are recorded painting panelling and chimneypieces in Paris in 1570.<ref>Grodecki,Cathérine, ''Histoire de l'art au XVIe siècle, 1540–1600'', vol. 2, (Archives Nationales: Paris, 1986), pp. 24, 203-204 no. 830</ref> |
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In November 1541, Mary of Guise's mother, [[Antoinette de Bourbon]], wrote to thank her daughter for the portrait miniature James V had sent, which she called a "diamond", and was presumably painted from life. |
In November 1541, Mary of Guise's mother, [[Antoinette de Bourbon]], wrote to thank her daughter for the portrait miniature James V had sent, which she called a "diamond", and was presumably painted from life. |
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Revision as of 15:50, 28 July 2021
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Pierre Quesnel (c. 1502 – c. 1580) was a 16th-century French artist who worked in Scotland.
Pierre worked in Scotland for Mary of Guise and James V. He is listed as an Usher in Guise's household and is identified as the queen's painter in the Scottish Treasurer's Accounts.[1] Artists at the French court were sometimes given positions as ushers or valets.[2] Pierre Quesnel, described as "Perys the uscher", was given £10 at the time of Mary of Guise's coronation.[3] According to an inscription on the back of a portrait of his son Nicholas, he married Madeleine Digby in Scotland,[4] and his eldest son the painter François Quesnel was born in Edinburgh.[5]
Other French craftsmen working on the Scottish royal palace include the woodcarver and metal-worker Andrew Mansioun and the mason Nicolas Roy. Pierre Quesnel seems to have returned to France with his family around the year 1544. His sons Nicolas and Jacques were also artists, and a number of chalk portraits by François and Nicolas survive. Jacques's work is known only through a single drawing, Time slaying Youth.[6]
Pierre Quesnel's work is also mostly lost, excepting an Architectural Study after Jacques Androuet du Cerceau, preserved at the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris, and another drawing, a view called Château of Sées.[7] The Abbé de Marolles, a seventeenth-century French writer, recorded Pierre in verse as the designer of a stained-glass window for the Eglise des Augustins in Paris in 1557, with subject, Ascension of Christ with Portraits of Henri II and Catherine de Medici, now destroyed. Marolles also stated that Pierre and his son François designed tapestries.[8] Although these works are destroyed, there is a portrait of Pierre himself made by Nicolas or François in 1574.[9] The historian Andrea Thomas argued from Pierre's small salary as an usher in Scotland that he was a decorative painter rather a portrait artist.[10] Pierre and François are recorded painting panelling and chimneypieces in Paris in 1570.[11]
In November 1541, Mary of Guise's mother, Antoinette de Bourbon, wrote to thank her daughter for the portrait miniature James V had sent, which she called a "diamond", and was presumably painted from life.
pour bien faire mes tres humbles mersimens au Roy du dyament quy luy a pleu m'envoyer. Je vous repons se m'a este present bien agreable et que j'ayme aultant qu'yl est possible; il sera garde toute ma vye pour l'onneur de luy. Je l'ay trouve sy beau sa painture que sy savyes combien je l'ayme j'e peur vous en series jallouse.
And to make my very humble thanks to the King for the "diamond" he sent me. I tell you it is most agreeable and I hold it in highest esteem, it will be kept carefully all my life for his honour. I find his picture so beautiful that if it was known how much, you would be jealous.[12]
The 2010 paintwork of the restored palace at Stirling Castle was designed and created with the story of Pierre Quesnel in mind.[13]
Footnotes
- ^ Apted & Hannabuss, Dictionary of Scottish Painters (SRS, 1978), p. 77: Thomas, Andrea, Princelie Majestie (John Donald, 2005), p. 85: Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland, vol. 8 (Edinburgh), pp. 59, 77, 84, 92.
- ^ Table of French court artists' salaries and appointments (in French)
- ^ Accounts of the Treasurer of Scotland, vol. 7 (Edinburgh, 1907), p. 296.
- ^ Reiset, Frederic, Notice des dessins, cartons, pastels ... du Louvre (Paris, 1869), pp. 411-413
- ^ Benezit, Emmanuel, Dictionnaire Des Peintres, Sculpteurs, Dessinateurs Et Graveurs, 14 vols. (1911-1920/1999), quotes Marolles on biography of Pierre.
- ^ Brugerolles & Guillet, The Renaissance in France (ENSBA/Harvard, 1995), p. 210.
- ^ Brugerolles & Guillet (1995), 210-11 & note1, (?Château d'O, 9km from Sées).
- ^ Jannet, P., ed., Marolles' Livre des Peintres et Graveurs, Paris (1855) 49–51.
- ^ Preserved at the Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Cabinet des Estampes, call no. Na 22: cf. drawing ENSBA website.
- ^ Thomas, Andrea, Princelie Majestie, the court of James V (John Donald, 2005), p. 85.
- ^ Grodecki,Cathérine, Histoire de l'art au XVIe siècle, 1540–1600, vol. 2, (Archives Nationales: Paris, 1986), pp. 24, 203-204 no. 830
- ^ Marguerite Wood, Foreign Correspondence with Mary of Lorraine, Balcarres Papers, vol. 1, (Edinburgh, 1923), pp. 69–70.
- ^ See 'Stirling Castle Palace Project: An Artistic Alliance' in external links.
External links
- "Architectural Study by Pierre Quesnel, ENSBA Mas. 2472".
- "Pierre Quesnel by François Quesnel, drawing at Ecole Nationale des Beaux Arts".
- Biography of François Quesnel (in French)
- 'Stirling Castle Palace Project: An Artistic Alliance', Historic Environment Scotland.
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