Arts and Crafts movement: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 3: | Line 3: | ||
The first American Arts and Crafts Exhibition opened on [[April 5]], [[1897]], at Copley Hall featuring over 1000 objects made by 160 craftsmen, half of whom were women. Some of the supporters for the exhibit were Langford Warren, founder of Harvard's School of Architecture; Mrs. Richard Morris Hunt; Arthur Astor Carey and Edwin Mead, social reformers; and Will Bradley, graphic designer. |
The first American Arts and Crafts Exhibition opened on [[April 5]], [[1897]], at Copley Hall featuring over 1000 objects made by 160 craftsmen, half of whom were women. Some of the supporters for the exhibit were Langford Warren, founder of Harvard's School of Architecture; Mrs. Richard Morris Hunt; Arthur Astor Carey and Edwin Mead, social reformers; and Will Bradley, graphic designer. |
||
The huge success of this exhibition led to the incorporation of The Society of Arts and Crafts, on [[June 28]], [[1897]], with a mandate to "develop and encourage higher standards in the handicrafts." The 21 founders were interested in more than sales, and |
The huge success of this exhibition led to the incorporation of The Society of Arts and Crafts, on [[June 28]], [[1897]], with a mandate to "develop and encourage higher standards in the handicrafts." The 21 founders were interested in more than sales, and focuzxc |
||
This mandate was soon expanded into a credo, possibly written by the SAC's first president, [[Charles Eliot Norton]], which read: |
|||
:"This Society was incorporated for the purpose of promoting artistic work in all branches of handicraft. It hopes to bring Designers and Workmen into mutually helpful relations, and to encourage workmen to execute designs of their own. It endeavors to stimulate in workmen an appreciation of the dignity and value of good design; to counteract the popular impatience of Law and Form, and the desire for over-ornamentation and specious originality. It will insist upon the necessity of sobriety and restraint, or ordered arrangement, of due regard for the relation between the form of an object and its use, and of harmony and fitness in the decoration put upon it." |
|||
==Influences on later art== |
|||
===Europe=== |
|||
Widely exhibited in [[Europe]], the Arts and Crafts movement's qualities of simplicity and honest use of materials negating historicism inspired designers like [[Henry van de Velde]] and movements such as [[Art Nouveau]], the Dutch [[De Stijl]] group, Viennese [[Secessionstil]] and eventually the [[Bauhaus]]. The movement can be assessed as a prelude to [[Modernism]], where pure forms, stripped of historical associations, would be once again applied to industrial production. |
|||
In Russia, [[Viktor Hartmann]], [[Viktor Vasnetsov]] and other artists associated with [[Abramtsevo Colony]] sought to revive the spirit and quality of medieval Russian [[decorative arts]] in the movement quite independent from that flourishing in Great Britain. |
|||
The [[Wiener Werkstätte]], founded in 1903 by [[Josef Hoffmann]] and [[Koloman Moser]], played an independent role in the development of Modernism, with its [[Wiener Werkstätte Style]]. |
|||
The British [[Utility furniture]] of World War II was simple in design and based on ''Arts and Crafts'' ideas. |
|||
===United States=== |
|||
In the United States, the Arts and Crafts Movement took on a distinctively more [[Bourgeoisie|bourgeois]] flavor. While the European movement tried to recreate the virtuous world of craft labor that was being destroyed by industrialization, Americans tried to establish a new source of virtue to replace heroic craft production: the tasteful middle-class home. They thought that the simple but refined aesthetics of Arts and Crafts decorative arts would ennoble the new experience of industrial consumerism, making individuals more rational and society more harmonious. In short, the American Arts and Crafts Movement was the aesthetic counterpart of its contemporary political movement: Progressivism. |
|||
In the [[United States]], the Arts and Crafts Movement spawned a wide variety of attempts to reinterpret European Arts and Crafts ideals for Americans. These included the "Craftsman"-style architecture, furniture, and other decorative arts such as the designs promoted by [[Gustav Stickley]] in his magazine, ''The Craftsman''. A host of imitators of Stickley's furniture (the designs of which are often mislabeled the "[[Mission Style]]") included three companies formed by his brothers, the [[Roycroft]] community founded by [[Elbert Hubbard]], the "[[Prairie Houses|Prairie School]]" of [[Frank Lloyd Wright]], the [[Country Day School movement]], the [[bungalow]] style of houses popularized by [[Greene and Greene]], utopian communities like [[Byrdcliffe]] and [[Rose Valley, Pennsylvania|Rose Valley]], and the contemporary studio craft movement. [[Studio pottery]] — exemplified by Grueby, Newcomb, Teco, [[Overbeck Sisters|Overbeck]] and [[Rookwood pottery]], [[Bernard Leach]] in Britain, and [[Pewabic Pottery]] in [[Detroit, Michigan|Detroit]] — as well as the art [[tiles]] by [[Ernest A. Batchelder]] in [[Pasadena, California]], and idiosyncratic furniture of [[Charles Rohlfs]] also demonstrate the clear influence of Arts and Crafts Movement. Mission, Prairie, and the California Craftsman styles of homebuilding remain tremendously popular in the United States today. |
|||
===Elsewhere=== |
|||
The [[New Zealand]] architect [[James Walter Chapman-Taylor]] was a follower of the Arts and Crafts Movement. |
|||
==References== |
|||
*Cathers, David M. ''Furniture of the American Arts and Crafts Movement''. The New American Library, Inc., 1981. ISBN 0-453-00397-4 |
|||
*Cumming, Elizabeth. "Hand, Heart and Soul:The Arts and Crafts Movement in Scotland" 2006 Birlinn ISBN 978-1841584195. |
|||
*Kaplan, Wendy. "The Art that is Life", ''The Arts & Crafts Movement in America, 1875–1920''. New York: Little, Brown and Company, 1987. |
|||
*Parry, Linda: ''Textiles of the Arts & Crafts Movement'', Thames and Hudson, revised edition 2005, ISBN 0-500-28536-5 |
|||
==External links== |
==External links== |
||
Revision as of 18:04, 5 September 2007
www
The first American Arts and Crafts Exhibition opened on April 5, 1897, at Copley Hall featuring over 1000 objects made by 160 craftsmen, half of whom were women. Some of the supporters for the exhibit were Langford Warren, founder of Harvard's School of Architecture; Mrs. Richard Morris Hunt; Arthur Astor Carey and Edwin Mead, social reformers; and Will Bradley, graphic designer.
The huge success of this exhibition led to the incorporation of The Society of Arts and Crafts, on June 28, 1897, with a mandate to "develop and encourage higher standards in the handicrafts." The 21 founders were interested in more than sales, and focuzxc
External links
- The Arts & Crafts Society
- Hand Heart and SoulExhibition curated by Elizabeth Cumming which takes a definative look at the Art and Crafts movement in Scotland.
- Arts & Crafts Trail Trail in English Lake District taking in homes, museums and buildings with a relevance to this movement
- Blackwell, the Arts & Crafts House
- Craftsman Perspective site devoted to Arts and Crafts architecture
- Mary Watts - Cemetery Chapel In Pictures - Icon of the Arts & Craft Movement
- Wiener Werkstätte
- Vienna Sezession
- Arts and Crafts in Vienna 1900
- Cincinnati Side Chairs
- "Arts and Crafts Style Guide". British Galleries. Victoria and Albert Museum. Retrieved 2007-07-17.
