Yery: Difference between revisions
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'''Yery''' or '''Yeru''' (Ы, ы, usually called "Ы" {{IPA|[ɨ]}} in modern [[Russian language|Russian]]) is a letter in the [[Cyrillic alphabet]]. It represents the phoneme {{IPA|/i/}} after non-palatalized (hard) consonants in the [[Belarusian alphabet|Belarusian]], [[Rusyn language#Alphabet|Rusyn]] and [[Russian alphabet]]s. Because of phonological processes, the actual realization of {{IPA|/i/}} after most consonants (д, з, л, н, р, с, т, or ц) is retracted to a [[close central unrounded vowel]] {{IPA|[ɨ]}}, or {{IPA|[ʷi]}} after the labials б, в, м, п. The letter cannot appear after any of the other consonants not already listed, or after vowels; in such cases, и replaces it in its grammatical functions. |
'''Yery''' or '''Yeru''' (Ы, ы, usually called "Ы" {{IPA|[ɨ]}} in modern [[Russian language|Russian]]) is a letter in the [[Cyrillic alphabet]]. It represents the phoneme {{IPA|/i/}} after non-palatalized (hard) consonants in the [[Belarusian alphabet|Belarusian]], [[Rusyn language#Alphabet|Rusyn]] and [[Russian alphabet]]s. Because of phonological processes, the actual realization of {{IPA|/i/}} after most consonants (д, з, л, н, р, с, т, or ц) is retracted to a [[close central unrounded vowel]] {{IPA|[ɨ]}}, or {{IPA|[ʷi]}} after the labials б, в, м, п. The letter cannot appear after any of the other consonants not already listed, or after vowels; in such cases, и replaces it in its grammatical functions. |
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Like many Cyrillic letters, originally the letter yery was formed from a ligature |
Like many Cyrillic letters, originally the letter yery was formed from a ligature {{slavonic|ꙑ}}—formed from [[Yer]] ъ and і (formerly written either dotless or with two dots) or [[I (Cyrillic)|Izhe]] (и, whose former letterform resembled н). In medieval manuscripts, it is almost without exception found as ъі or ъи. Once the letters ъ and ь subsequently lost their values as vowels in the [[Slavic languages]], the current simplified form ы evolved. |
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[[Image:Yeri.png|left|thumb|The letter Yery in several fonts]] |
[[Image:Yeri.png|left|thumb|The letter Yery in several fonts]] |
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Yery is no longer found in the Ukrainian alphabet. |
Yery is no longer found in the Ukrainian alphabet. |
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== Early Cyrillic Yery == |
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The [[early Cyrillic alphabet]] used {{slavonic|ꙑ}}, a ligature of Ъ and a І (Minuscule: ъ and a І, ꙑ) back then instead of Ы, ы. |
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==References== |
==References== |
Revision as of 02:56, 14 November 2008
Yery or Yeru (Ы, ы, usually called "Ы" [ɨ] in modern Russian) is a letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. It represents the phoneme /i/ after non-palatalized (hard) consonants in the Belarusian, Rusyn and Russian alphabets. Because of phonological processes, the actual realization of /i/ after most consonants (д, з, л, н, р, с, т, or ц) is retracted to a close central unrounded vowel [ɨ], or [ʷi] after the labials б, в, м, п. The letter cannot appear after any of the other consonants not already listed, or after vowels; in such cases, и replaces it in its grammatical functions.
Like many Cyrillic letters, originally the letter yery was formed from a ligature ꙑ—formed from Yer ъ and і (formerly written either dotless or with two dots) or Izhe (и, whose former letterform resembled н). In medieval manuscripts, it is almost without exception found as ъі or ъи. Once the letters ъ and ь subsequently lost their values as vowels in the Slavic languages, the current simplified form ы evolved.
The letter is usually Romanized in English and most other West-European languages as y, e.g. Krylov (family name, Крылов), although it may be used for other purposes as well (in combinations), this spelling matches Polish where Latin y represents the same sound, Russian ы is used to transliterate Polish words with y into Cyrillic (e.g. Maryla - Марыля).
There are several proper and common nouns of non-Russian origin (including some geographical names in Russia) with beginning with the letter: Ytyk-Kyuyol (Ытык-Кюёль), Ygyatta (Ыгыатта), a village and a river in Sakha (Yakutia) Republic respectively, and Eulji Mundeok (Ыльчи Мундок), a Korean military leader, though this is pronounced as if it were spelled with и.
Yery is no longer found in the Ukrainian alphabet.
References
See also
- Operation Y and Other Shurik's Adventures Операция "Ы" и другие приключения Шурика (Soviet movie, comedy). The implication is: words never start with a Yery, nobody will guess what it stands for.
- Close central unrounded vowel
- Ь, ь - Soft sign (Cyrillic)
- Ъ, ъ - Yer or Hard sign (Cyrillic)
- И, и - (Cyrillic) Used as Ы, ы in Ukrianian.