Jacawitz: Difference between revisions
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'''Jacawitz''' (also spelt '''Jakawitz''', '''Jakawits''', '''Q'aq'awits''' and '''Hacavitz''') was a mountain [[List of Maya gods and supernatural beings|god]] of the [[Mesoamerican chronology|Postclassic]] [[K'iche' people|K'iche']] [[Maya civilization|Maya]] of highland [[Guatemala]].<ref>Carmack 2001a, p.369.</ref> He was the patron of the Ajaw K'iche' lineage and was a companion of the sun god [[Tohil]].<ref>Carmack 2001a, p.370.</ref> It is likely that he received [[sacrifice in Maya culture|human sacrifice]].<ref>Carmack 2001a, p.370.</ref> The word ''jacawitz'' means "mountain" in the lowland [[Maya languages|Maya language]], and the word ''q'aq'awitz'' of the highland Maya means "fire mountain", which suggests that Jacawitz was mainly a fire deity, much like Tohil. In the [[Mam language]], the similar word ''xq'aqwitz'' means "yellow wasp" and the wasp was an important symbol of the deity and its associated lineage.<ref>Christenson 2003, 2007, pp.198-199.n.553.</ref> In the [[Ch'ol language|Cholan languages]], ''jacawitz'' means "first mountain.", linking the god with the first mountain of creation.<ref>Christenson 2003, 2007, p.211.n.585.</ref> |
'''Jacawitz''' (also spelt '''Jakawitz''', '''Jakawits''', '''Q'aq'awits''' and '''Hacavitz''') was a mountain [[List of Maya gods and supernatural beings|god]] of the [[Mesoamerican chronology|Postclassic]] [[K'iche' people|K'iche']] [[Maya civilization|Maya]] of highland [[Guatemala]].<ref>Carmack 2001a, p.369.</ref> He was the patron of the Ajaw K'iche' lineage and was a companion of the sun god [[Tohil]].<ref>Carmack 2001a, p.370.</ref> It is likely that he received [[sacrifice in Maya culture|human sacrifice]].<ref>Carmack 2001a, p.370.</ref> The word ''jacawitz'' means "mountain" in the lowland [[Maya languages|Maya language]], and the word ''q'aq'awitz'' of the highland Maya means "fire mountain", which suggests that Jacawitz was mainly a fire deity, much like Tohil. In the [[Mam language]], the similar word ''xq'aqwitz'' means "yellow wasp" and the wasp was an important symbol of the deity and its associated lineage.<ref>Christenson 2003, 2007, pp.198-199.n.553.</ref> In the [[Ch'ol language|Cholan languages]], ''jacawitz'' means "first mountain.", linking the god with the first mountain of creation.<ref>Christenson 2003, 2007, p.211.n.585.</ref> |
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In the K'iche' epic [[Popul Vuh]], the first people gathered at the mythical place [[Tollan]] to receive their gods, and Mahucutah, one of the gathered K'iche' lords, received Jacawitz.<ref>Christenson 2003, 2007, p.198.</ref> Stela 8 at the [[Mesoamerican chronology|Terminal Classic]] lowland Maya site of [[Seibal]] describes a visitor to the city named Hakawitzil. This is an early spelling of Jacawitz and [[Mayanist]]s [[Linda Schele]] and Peter Mathews have proposed that the event depicted on this stela gave rise to the foundation legends of the K'iche'.<ref>Schele & Mathews 1999, pp.190-193.</ref> As well as being mentioned frequently in the Popul Vih, Jacawitz is also mentioned in the K'iche' document ''Título de los Señores de Totonicapán''.<ref>Recinos 1998, pp.173, 179.</ref> |
In the K'iche' epic [[Popul Vuh]], the first people gathered at the mythical place [[Tollan]] to receive their gods, and Mahucutah, one of the gathered K'iche' lords, received Jacawitz.<ref>Christenson 2003, 2007, p.198.</ref> The mid-9th century Stela 8 at the [[Mesoamerican chronology|Terminal Classic]] lowland Maya site of [[Seibal]] describes a visitor to the city named Hakawitzil. This is an early spelling of Jacawitz and [[Mayanist]]s [[Linda Schele]] and Peter Mathews have proposed that the event depicted on this stela gave rise to the foundation legends of the K'iche'.<ref>Schele & Mathews 1999, pp.190-193.</ref> As well as being mentioned frequently in the Popul Vih, Jacawitz is also mentioned in the K'iche' document ''Título de los Señores de Totonicapán''.<ref>Recinos 1998, pp.173, 179.</ref> |
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Jacawitz was one of a triad of K'iche' deities, the other two being Tohil and the goddess [[Awilix]], all three were sometimes collectively refered to as Tohil, the principal member of the triad.<ref>Christenson 2003, 2007, p.228.n.646.</ref> |
Jacawitz was one of a triad of K'iche' deities, the other two being Tohil and the goddess [[Awilix]], all three were sometimes collectively refered to as Tohil, the principal member of the triad.<ref>Christenson 2003, 2007, p.228.n.646.</ref> |
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Revision as of 23:20, 16 February 2010
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Jacawitz (also spelt Jakawitz, Jakawits, Q'aq'awits and Hacavitz) was a mountain god of the Postclassic K'iche' Maya of highland Guatemala.[1] He was the patron of the Ajaw K'iche' lineage and was a companion of the sun god Tohil.[2] It is likely that he received human sacrifice.[3] The word jacawitz means "mountain" in the lowland Maya language, and the word q'aq'awitz of the highland Maya means "fire mountain", which suggests that Jacawitz was mainly a fire deity, much like Tohil. In the Mam language, the similar word xq'aqwitz means "yellow wasp" and the wasp was an important symbol of the deity and its associated lineage.[4] In the Cholan languages, jacawitz means "first mountain.", linking the god with the first mountain of creation.[5]
In the K'iche' epic Popul Vuh, the first people gathered at the mythical place Tollan to receive their gods, and Mahucutah, one of the gathered K'iche' lords, received Jacawitz.[6] The mid-9th century Stela 8 at the Terminal Classic lowland Maya site of Seibal describes a visitor to the city named Hakawitzil. This is an early spelling of Jacawitz and Mayanists Linda Schele and Peter Mathews have proposed that the event depicted on this stela gave rise to the foundation legends of the K'iche'.[7] As well as being mentioned frequently in the Popul Vih, Jacawitz is also mentioned in the K'iche' document Título de los Señores de Totonicapán.[8]
Jacawitz was one of a triad of K'iche' deities, the other two being Tohil and the goddess Awilix, all three were sometimes collectively refered to as Tohil, the principal member of the triad.[9]
The Ahaw K'iche' were the founding lineage of the K'iche' Maya, although they later lost power to the Kaweq lineage; as they lost status within the kingdom, so did their patron god.[10] The temple of Jacawitz at the K'iche' capital of Q'umarkaj was one of the three tallest buildings in the city, although it faced away from the main plaza.[11]
Notes
- ^ Carmack 2001a, p.369.
- ^ Carmack 2001a, p.370.
- ^ Carmack 2001a, p.370.
- ^ Christenson 2003, 2007, pp.198-199.n.553.
- ^ Christenson 2003, 2007, p.211.n.585.
- ^ Christenson 2003, 2007, p.198.
- ^ Schele & Mathews 1999, pp.190-193.
- ^ Recinos 1998, pp.173, 179.
- ^ Christenson 2003, 2007, p.228.n.646.
- ^ Carmack 2001a, p.369. van Akkeren, Ruud 2002, p.1.
- ^ Christenson 2003, 2007, p.268.n.821.
References
- Carmack, Robert M. (2001a). Kik'ulmatajem le K'iche'aab': Evolución del Reino K'iche'. Guatemala: Iximulew. ISBN 99922-56-22-2. OCLC 253481949.
{{cite book}}: templatestyles stripmarker in|author=at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) Template:Es icon - Christenson, Allen J. (2003, 2007). "Popul Vuh: Sacred Book of the Quiché Maya People" (PDF online publication). Mesoweb articles. Mesoweb: An Exploration of Mesoamerican Cultures. Retrieved 2010/02/16.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=and|year=(help); templatestyles stripmarker in|author=at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - Recinos, Adrian (1998). Memorial de Solalá, Anales de los Kaqchikeles; Título de los Señores de Totonicapán. Guatemala: Piedra Santa. ISBN 84-8377-006-7. OCLC 25476196.
{{cite book}}: templatestyles stripmarker in|author=at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) Template:Es icon - Schele, Linda (1999). The Code of Kings: The language of seven Maya temples and tombs. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-684-85209-6. OCLC 41423034.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help); templatestyles stripmarker in|author=at position 1 (help); templatestyles stripmarker in|coauthors=at position 5 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - Sharer, Robert J. (2006). The Ancient Maya (6th (fully revised) ed.). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help); templatestyles stripmarker in|author=at position 1 (help); templatestyles stripmarker in|coauthors=at position 6 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - van Akkeren, Ruud (2002). "El lugar en donde salió el primer sol para los K'ich'e; Jakawits, su nueva ubicación" (versión digital). XV Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala, 2001 (edited by J.P. Laporte, H. Escobedo and B. Arroyo). Guatemala: Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología: 1–12. Retrieved 2010-02-16.
{{cite journal}}: templatestyles stripmarker in|author=at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) Template:Es icon