Ostrov, Ostrovsky District, Pskov Oblast: Difference between revisions
| Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
==History== |
==History== |
||
Ostrov was founded as a fortress in the end of the 13th century and first mentioned under 1342. It had been an important military outpost throughout the 15th-16th centuries. In particuler, the only time it was conquered was 1501 (by the [[Livonian Order]]). [[Catherine the Great]] incorporated it as a town in 1777.<ref name="gr">{{cite book|title=Энциклопедия Города России|year=2003|publisher=Большая Российская Энциклопедия|location=Moscow|isbn=5-7107-7399-9|page=338}}</ref> |
Ostrov was founded as a fortress in the end of the 13th century and first mentioned under 1342. It had been an important military outpost throughout the 15th-16th centuries. In particuler, the only time it was conquered was 1501 (by the [[Livonian Order]]). In the course of the [[administrative divisions of Russia in 1708–1710|administrative reform]] carried out in 1708 by [[Peter the Great]], the area was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as [[Saint Petersburg Governorate]]). Ostrov is specifically mentioned as one of the towns making the governorate. In 1727, separate [[Novgorod Governorate]] was split off, and in 1772, [[Pskov Governorate]] (which between 1777 and 1796 existed as [[Pskov Viceroyalty]]) was established. [[Catherine the Great]] incorporated it as a town in 1777.<ref name="gr">{{cite book|title=Энциклопедия Города России|year=2003|publisher=Большая Российская Энциклопедия|location=Moscow|isbn=5-7107-7399-9|page=338}}</ref> |
||
On August 1, 1927, the uyezds were abolished, and Ostrov became the administrative center of Ostrovsky District. The governorates were abolished as well, and the district became a part of [[Pskov Okrug]] of [[Leningrad Oblast]]. On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were also abolished, and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast. Between March 22, 1935 and September 19, 1940, Ostrovsky District was a part of [[Pskov Okrug]] of Leningrad Oblast, one of the okrugs abutting the state boundaries of the [[Soviet Union]]. Between August 1941 and July 1944, Ostrovsky District was occupied by [[Nazi Germany|German]] troops. An underground resistance group was active in Ostrov during the war. On August 23, 1944, the district was transferred to newly established Pskov Oblast.<ref name="pskov_handbook"/> |
|||
==Culture and recreation== |
==Culture and recreation== |
||
Revision as of 18:06, 12 July 2012
57°20′N 28°21′E / 57.333°N 28.350°E
Ostrov (Russian: Остров, lit. island) is a town and the administrative center of Ostrovsky District of Pskov Oblast, Russia, located on the Velikaya River, 55 kilometers (34 mi) south of Pskov. Municipally, it is incorporated as Ostrov Urban Settlement in Ostrovsky Municipal District.[1] Population: Template:Ru-census2010prelim 25,078 (2002 Census);[2] 29,060 (1989 Soviet census);[3] 27,000 (1974).
The town was home to Ostrov air base, a major medium-range bomber base during the Cold War.
History
Ostrov was founded as a fortress in the end of the 13th century and first mentioned under 1342. It had been an important military outpost throughout the 15th-16th centuries. In particuler, the only time it was conquered was 1501 (by the Livonian Order). In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, the area was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as Saint Petersburg Governorate). Ostrov is specifically mentioned as one of the towns making the governorate. In 1727, separate Novgorod Governorate was split off, and in 1772, Pskov Governorate (which between 1777 and 1796 existed as Pskov Viceroyalty) was established. Catherine the Great incorporated it as a town in 1777.[4]
On August 1, 1927, the uyezds were abolished, and Ostrov became the administrative center of Ostrovsky District. The governorates were abolished as well, and the district became a part of Pskov Okrug of Leningrad Oblast. On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were also abolished, and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast. Between March 22, 1935 and September 19, 1940, Ostrovsky District was a part of Pskov Okrug of Leningrad Oblast, one of the okrugs abutting the state boundaries of the Soviet Union. Between August 1941 and July 1944, Ostrovsky District was occupied by German troops. An underground resistance group was active in Ostrov during the war. On August 23, 1944, the district was transferred to newly established Pskov Oblast.[5]
Culture and recreation
The town possesses a Neoclassical cathedral from 1790 and a typical Pskovian church from 1543. Close at hand is a historical suspension bridge, opened in 1853 (winter view, summer view).
Ostrov hosts the Ostrov District Museum, the only museum in the district.[6]
References
- ^ Law #420-OZ
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (21 May 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ Энциклопедия Города России. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. p. 338. ISBN 5-7107-7399-9.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
pskov_handbookwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Островский краеведческий музей" (in Russian). Российская сеть культурного наследия. Retrieved 11 July 2012.