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|name = Tondidarou
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|settlement_type =Tondidarou
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'''Tondidarou''' is a megalithic archaeological site in the [[Goundam Cercle]], [[Timbuktu Region]], [[Mali]], near [[Niafunke]], about 150 kilometres south-west of [[Timbuktu]].<ref name="Mokhtar1981">{{cite book|last=Mokhtar|first=G.|title=General History of Africa: Ancient civilizations of Africa|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=B3LNzqo5i0IC&pg=PA523|accessdate=12 July 2012|year=1981|publisher=UNESCO|isbn=978-92-3-101708-7|page=523}}</ref> The site, located south of [[Lac Tagadji]] was discovered in 1904 and is said to be "defined by three groups of stone megaliths", monoliths which are a "remarkable collection of phalliform stone monuments."<ref name="Sottas1997">{{cite book|last=Sottas|first=Beat|title=Forum suisse des africanistes|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=nDFCWY8THBUC&pg=PA69|accessdate=12 July 2012|year=1997|publisher=LIT Verlag Münster|isbn=978-3-8258-3506-4|page=69}}</ref><ref name="Ki-Zerbo1981">{{cite book|last=Ki-Zerbo|first=Joseph|title=General History of Africa: Methodology and African prehistory|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=TaegVuj0bNUC&pg=PA630|accessdate=12 July 2012|year=1981|publisher=UNESCO|isbn=978-92-3-101707-0|page=630}}</ref> ''Ancient Egypt in Africa'' refers to the site as "Diop's 'Egypt-influenced' phalliform stone circle of Tondidarou".<ref name="O'ConnorReid2003">{{cite book|last1=O'Connor|first1=David|last2=Reid|first2=Andrew|title=Ancient Egypt in Africa|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Zn3ViO-Vj-4C&pg=PA104|accessdate=12 July 2012|date=August 2003|publisher=Cavendish Publishing|isbn=978-1-84314-758-9|page=104}}</ref> [[Eugene Maes]] was the first to seriously document the stones at Tondidarou in 1924.<ref name="Branch1989">{{cite book|author=Smithsonian Institution. Libraries. National Museum of African Art Branch|title=The arts of Africa: an annotated bibliography|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=_5rrAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=12 July 2012|year=1989|publisher=African Studies Association|page=128}}</ref> It was extensively excavated in around 1980.<ref name="Fage1979">{{cite book|last=Fage|first=J. D.|title=The Cambridge History of Africa: From c. 500 B.C. to A.D. 1050|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=wHVGrxdt2X4C&pg=PA341|accessdate=12 July 2012|date=1 February 1979|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3|page=341}}</ref> The site is dated to 670 - 790 AD.
'''Tondidarou''' is a village megalithic archaeological site in the [[Goundam Cercle]], [[Timbuktu Region]], [[Mali]], near [[Niafunke]], about 150 kilometres south-west of [[Timbuktu]].<ref name="Mokhtar1981">{{cite book|last=Mokhtar|first=G.|title=General History of Africa: Ancient civilizations of Africa|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=B3LNzqo5i0IC&pg=PA523|accessdate=12 July 2012|year=1981|publisher=UNESCO|isbn=978-92-3-101708-7|page=523}}</ref> The site, located on the eastern bank of [[Lac Tagadji]], was discovered in 1904 and is said to be "defined by three groups of stone megaliths", monoliths which are a "remarkable collection of phalliform stone monuments."<ref name="Sottas1997">{{cite book|last=Sottas|first=Beat|title=Forum suisse des africanistes|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=nDFCWY8THBUC&pg=PA69|accessdate=12 July 2012|year=1997|publisher=LIT Verlag Münster|isbn=978-3-8258-3506-4|page=69}}</ref><ref name="Ki-Zerbo1981">{{cite book|last=Ki-Zerbo|first=Joseph|title=General History of Africa: Methodology and African prehistory|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=TaegVuj0bNUC&pg=PA630|accessdate=12 July 2012|year=1981|publisher=UNESCO|isbn=978-92-3-101707-0|page=630}}</ref> ''Ancient Egypt in Africa'' refers to the site as "Diop's 'Egypt-influenced' phalliform stone circle of Tondidarou".<ref name="O'ConnorReid2003">{{cite book|last1=O'Connor|first1=David|last2=Reid|first2=Andrew|title=Ancient Egypt in Africa|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Zn3ViO-Vj-4C&pg=PA104|accessdate=12 July 2012|date=August 2003|publisher=Cavendish Publishing|isbn=978-1-84314-758-9|page=104}}</ref> [[Eugene Maes]] was the first to seriously document the stones at Tondidarou in 1924.<ref name="Branch1989">{{cite book|author=Smithsonian Institution. Libraries. National Museum of African Art Branch|title=The arts of Africa: an annotated bibliography|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=_5rrAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=12 July 2012|year=1989|publisher=African Studies Association|page=128}}</ref> It was extensively excavated in around 1980.<ref name="Fage1979">{{cite book|last=Fage|first=J. D.|title=The Cambridge History of Africa: From c. 500 B.C. to A.D. 1050|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=wHVGrxdt2X4C&pg=PA341|accessdate=12 July 2012|date=1 February 1979|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3|page=341}}</ref> The site is dated to 670 - 790 AD.


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 21:45, 12 July 2012

Tondidarou
Village
Country Mali
RegionTombouctou Region
CercleGoundam Cercle
Time zoneUTC+0 (GMT)

Tondidarou is a village megalithic archaeological site in the Goundam Cercle, Timbuktu Region, Mali, near Niafunke, about 150 kilometres south-west of Timbuktu.[1] The site, located on the eastern bank of Lac Tagadji, was discovered in 1904 and is said to be "defined by three groups of stone megaliths", monoliths which are a "remarkable collection of phalliform stone monuments."[2][3] Ancient Egypt in Africa refers to the site as "Diop's 'Egypt-influenced' phalliform stone circle of Tondidarou".[4] Eugene Maes was the first to seriously document the stones at Tondidarou in 1924.[5] It was extensively excavated in around 1980.[6] The site is dated to 670 - 790 AD.

References

  1. ^ Mokhtar, G. (1981). General History of Africa: Ancient civilizations of Africa. UNESCO. p. 523. ISBN 978-92-3-101708-7. Retrieved 12 July 2012.
  2. ^ Sottas, Beat (1997). Forum suisse des africanistes. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 69. ISBN 978-3-8258-3506-4. Retrieved 12 July 2012.
  3. ^ Ki-Zerbo, Joseph (1981). General History of Africa: Methodology and African prehistory. UNESCO. p. 630. ISBN 978-92-3-101707-0. Retrieved 12 July 2012.
  4. ^ O'Connor, David; Reid, Andrew (August 2003). Ancient Egypt in Africa. Cavendish Publishing. p. 104. ISBN 978-1-84314-758-9. Retrieved 12 July 2012.
  5. ^ Smithsonian Institution. Libraries. National Museum of African Art Branch (1989). The arts of Africa: an annotated bibliography. African Studies Association. p. 128. Retrieved 12 July 2012.
  6. ^ Fage, J. D. (1 February 1979). The Cambridge History of Africa: From c. 500 B.C. to A.D. 1050. Cambridge University Press. p. 341. ISBN 978-0-521-21592-3. Retrieved 12 July 2012.

Further reading

  • Saliege, JF, Person, A., Barry, I. and Fontes, P. (1980) 'Premieres datations de tumulus pre- islamiques au Mali: site mcgalithiquc de Tondidarou', Comptes rendus de /' Academic des Sciences, 291 (D), 12, pp. 981-4.
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