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Map of the Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia), with its provinces, in medieval times

Diyār Bakr ("abode of Bakr") is the medieval Arabic name of the northernmost of the three provinces of the Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia), the other two being Diyar Mudar and Diyar Rabi'a. According to al-Baladhuri, all three provinces were named after the main Arab tribes that were settled there by Mu'awiyah in the course of the Muslim conquests of the 7th century. The Diyar Bakr was settled by the Rabi'a subgroup of the Banu Bakr, and hence the two provinces are sometimes referred to collectively as "Diyar Rabi'a". In later Turkish usage, "Diyar Bakr" referred to the western portion of the former province, around Amid (which hence became known as Diyarbakır in Turkish).

Diyar Bakr encompasses the region on both banks of the upper course of the river Tigris, from its sources to approximately where its course changes from an west-east to a southeasterly direction. Its main city was Amida (Amid in Arabic), and other major settlements included Mayyafariqin, Hisn Kaifa, and Arzan. Geographically and politically, in early Islamic times the Diyar Bakr was usually part of the Jazira, but it was sometimes joined to the Armenian province to the north. In the late 9th century, it was controlled by an autonomous dynasty founded by Isa ibn al-Shaykh al-Shaybani. In the mid-10th century, the region passed into the hands of the Hamdanids, but their rule was contested by the Buyids (978–983) and after that the Marwanids. The Marwanid emirate ruled the region for almost a century before being annexed by the Seljuq Empire in 1084–1085. Following the Seljuq realm's collapse after 1092, a series of small emirates established itself across the region, with the Artukids of Mardin the most important among them. In the late 12th century, the province came under Ayyubid control, and in the mid-13th century, it was divided between the Ayyubids in the east and the Seljuqs of Rum, who controlled the western portion around Amid. Ca. 1260, the region was conquered by the Mongols, who allowed the local rulers to continue to exercise power as their vassals. In the 14th century, the region was conquered by the Ak Koyunlu, who disputed control with the Kara Koyunlu and the last Ayyubid princes. In the early 16th century, it was for a time occupied by the Safavids, before coming under Ottoman control in 1516.

Source

Canard, Marius; Cahen, Claude (1991). "Diyār Bakr". The Encyclopedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume II: C–G. Leiden, The Netherlands and New York, New York: Brill. pp. 343–345. ISBN 90-04-07026-5. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

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 {{About|the medieval province|the city in modern Turkey|Diyarbakır}}
 [[File:Al-Jazira.svg|thumb|right|300px|Map of the [[al-Jazira, Mesopotamia|Jazira]] (Upper [[Mesopotamia]]), with its provinces, in medieval times]]
-'''''Diyār Bakr''''' ("abode of [[Banu Bakr|Bakr]]") is the medieval [[Arabic]] name of the northernmost of the three provinces of the [[al-Jazira, Mesopotamia|Jazira]] (Upper [[Mesopotamia]]), the other two being [[Diyar Mudar]] and [[Diyar Rabi'a]]. According to [[al-Baladhuri]], all three provinces were named after the main Arab tribes that were settled there by [[Mu'awiyah]] in the course of the [[Muslim conquests]] of the 7th century. The Diyar Bakr was settled by the [[Rabi'a]] subgroup of the [[Banu Bakr]], and hence the two provinces are sometimes referred to collectively as "Diyar Rabi'a". In later Turkish usage, "Diyar Bakr" referred to the western portion of the former province, around Amid (which hence became known as [[Diyarbakır]] in Turkish).
+'''''Diyār Bakr''''' ("abode of [[Banu Bakr|Bakr]]") is the medieval [[Arabic]] name of the northernmost of the three provinces of the [[al-Jazira, Mesopotamia|Jazira]] (Upper [[Mesopotamia]]), the other two being [[Diyar Mudar]] and [[Diyar Rabi'a]]. According to [[al-Baladhuri]], all three provinces were named after the main Arab tribes that were settled there by [[Mu'awiyah]] in the course of the [[Muslim conquests]] of the 7th century. The Diyar Bakr was settled by the [[Rabi`ah|Rabi'a]] subgroup of the [[Banu Bakr]], and hence the two provinces are sometimes referred to collectively as "Diyar Rabi'a". In later Turkish usage, "Diyar Bakr" referred to the western portion of the former province, around Amid (which hence became known as [[Diyarbakır]] in Turkish).
 Diyar Bakr encompasses the region on both banks of the upper course of the river [[Tigris]], from its sources to approximately where its course changes from an west-east to a southeasterly direction. Its main city was [[Amida (Mesopotamia)|Amida]] (Amid in Arabic), and other major settlements included [[Mayyafariqin]], [[Hisn Kaifa]], and [[Arzan]]. Geographically and politically, in early Islamic times the Diyar Bakr was usually part of the Jazira, but it was sometimes joined to the [[Emirate of Armenia|Armenian province]] to the north. In the late 9th century, it was controlled by an autonomous dynasty founded by Isa ibn al-Shaykh al-Shaybani. In the mid-10th century, the region passed into the hands of the [[Hamdanids]], but their rule was contested by the [[Buyids]] (978–983) and after that the [[Marwanids]]. The Marwanid emirate ruled the region for almost a century before being annexed by the [[Seljuq Empire]] in 1084–1085. Following the Seljuq realm's collapse after 1092, a series of small emirates established itself across the region, with the [[Artukids]] of [[Mardin]] the most important among them. In the late 12th century, the province came under [[Ayyubid]] control, and in the mid-13th century, it was divided between the Ayyubids in the east and the [[Seljuqs of Rum]], who controlled the western portion around Amid. Ca. 1260, the region was conquered by the [[Mongols]], who allowed the local rulers to continue to exercise power as their vassals. In the 14th century, the region was conquered by the [[Ak Koyunlu]], who disputed control with the [[Kara Koyunlu]] and the last Ayyubid princes. In the early 16th century, it was for a time occupied by the [[Safavids]], before coming under [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] control in 1516.