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'''Euthyneura''' is a [[taxonomic]] [[clade]] of [[snail]]s and [[slugs]], which includes species from the sea, the land and freshwater; [[marine (ocean)|marine]], [[Aquatic animal|aquatic]] and [[terrestrial animal|terrestrial]] [[gastropod]] [[mollusk]]s in the clade [[Heterobranchia]].
'''Euthyneura''' is a [[taxonomic]] [[clade]] of [[snail]]s and [[slugs]], which includes species from freshwater, [[marine (ocean)|marine]], [[Aquatic animal|aquatic]] and [[terrestrial animal|terrestrial]] [[gastropod]] [[mollusk]]s in the clade [[Heterobranchia]].


Euthyneura are considered the [[crown group]] of Gastropoda. Euthyneura are characterised by several [[autapomorphies]] but are named for [[euthyneury]]. They are considered to be the most successful and diverse group of Gastropoda. Within this taxon Gastropoda have reached their peak in [[species richness]] and [[ecological diversity]]. This obvious evolutionary success can probably be attributed to several factors. Marine Opisthobranchia, e.g., have evolved several clades specialised on less utilised food resources such as sponges or cnidarians. A key innovation in the evolution of Pulmonata was the colonization of freshwater and terrestrial habitats.<ref name="Klussmann-Kolb 2008">Klussmann-Kolb A., Dinapoli A., Kuhn K., Streit B. & Albrecht C. (2008). "From sea to land and beyond – New insights into the evolution of euthyneuran Gastropoda (Mollusca)". ''[[BMC Evolutionary Biology]]'' 2008, '''8''': 57. {{doi|10.1186/1471-2148-8-57}}.</ref>
Euthyneura are considered the [[crown group]] of Gastropoda, and are are characterised by several [[autapomorphies]], but are named for [[euthyneury]]. They are considered to be the most successful and diverse group of Gastropoda. Within this taxon, the Gastropoda have reached their peak in [[species richness]] and [[ecological diversity]]. This obvious evolutionary success can probably be attributed to several factors. Marine Opisthobranchia, e.g., have evolved several clades specialised on less used food resources such as sponges or cnidarians. A key innovation in the evolution of Pulmonata was the colonization of freshwater and terrestrial habitats.<ref name="Klussmann-Kolb 2008">Klussmann-Kolb A., Dinapoli A., Kuhn K., Streit B. & Albrecht C. (2008). "From sea to land and beyond – New insights into the evolution of euthyneuran Gastropoda (Mollusca)". ''[[BMC Evolutionary Biology]]'' 2008, '''8''': 57. {{doi|10.1186/1471-2148-8-57}}.</ref>


Various phylogenetic studies focused on Euthyneura: Dayrat et al. (2001),<ref>Dayrat B., Tillier A., Lecointre G. & Tillier S. (2001). "New clades of euthyneuran Gastropods (Mollusca) from 28S rRNA sequences". ''[[Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution]]'' '''19'''(2): 225-235. {{doi|10.1006/mpev.2001.0926}}.</ref> Dayrat & Tillier (2002)<ref name="Dayrat 2002"/> and Grande et al. (2004).<ref>Grande C., Templado J., Cervera J. L. & Zardoya R. (2004). "Molecular Phylogeny of Euthyneura (Mollusca: Gastropoda)". ''[[Molecular Biology and Evolution]]'' '''21'''(2): 303-313. {{doi|10.1093/molbev/msh016}}.</ref> Morphological analyses by Dayrat and Tillier (2002)<ref name="Dayrat 2002">Dayrat B. & Tillier S. (2002). "Evolutionary relationships of euthyneuran gastropods (Mollusca): a cladistic re-evaluation of morphological characters". ''[[Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society]]'' '''135'''(4): 403-470. {{doi|10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00018.x}}</ref> demonstrated the need to explore new datasets in order to critically analyse the phylogeny of this controversial group of gastropods. Klussmann-Kolb et al. (2008) traced an evolutionary scenario regarding colonisation of different habitats based on phylogenetic hypothesis and they showed that traditional classification of Euthyneura needs to be reconsidered.<ref name="Klussmann-Kolb 2008"/>
Various phylogenetic studies focused on Euthyneura: Dayrat et al. (2001),<ref>Dayrat B., Tillier A., Lecointre G. & Tillier S. (2001). "New clades of euthyneuran Gastropods (Mollusca) from 28S rRNA sequences". ''[[Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution]]'' '''19'''(2): 225-235. {{doi|10.1006/mpev.2001.0926}}.</ref> Dayrat & Tillier (2002)<ref name="Dayrat 2002"/> and Grande ''et al.'' (2004).<ref>Grande C., Templado J., Cervera J. L. & Zardoya R. (2004). "Molecular Phylogeny of Euthyneura (Mollusca: Gastropoda)". ''[[Molecular Biology and Evolution]]'' '''21'''(2): 303-313. {{doi|10.1093/molbev/msh016}}.</ref> Morphological analyses by Dayrat and Tillier (2002)<ref name="Dayrat 2002">Dayrat B. & Tillier S. (2002). "Evolutionary relationships of euthyneuran gastropods (Mollusca): a cladistic re-evaluation of morphological characters". ''[[Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society]]'' '''135'''(4): 403-470. {{doi|10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00018.x}}</ref> demonstrated the need to explore new datasets in order to critically analyse the phylogeny of this controversial group of gastropods. Klussmann-Kolb ''et al.'' (2008) traced an evolutionary scenario regarding colonisation of different habitats based on phylogenetic hypothesis and they showed that traditional classification of Euthyneura needs to be reconsidered.<ref name="Klussmann-Kolb 2008"/>


== 2010 taxonomy ==
== 2010 taxonomy ==
Jörger et al. (2010)<ref name="Jörger 2010">Jörger K. M., Stöger I., Kano Y., Fukuda H., Knebelsberger T. & Schrödl M. (2010). "On the origin of Acochlidia and other enigmatic euthyneuran gastropods, with implications for the systematics of Heterobranchia". ''[[BMC Evolutionary Biology]]'' '''10''': 323. {{doi|10.1186/1471-2148-10-323}}.</ref> have redefined major groups within the Heterobranchia and a [[cladogram]] showing phylogenic relations of Euthyneura is as follows:<ref name="Jörger 2010"/>
Jörger ''et al.'' (2010)<ref name="Jörger 2010">Jörger K. M., Stöger I., Kano Y., Fukuda H., Knebelsberger T. & Schrödl M. (2010). "On the origin of Acochlidia and other enigmatic euthyneuran gastropods, with implications for the systematics of Heterobranchia". ''[[BMC Evolutionary Biology]]'' '''10''': 323. {{doi|10.1186/1471-2148-10-323}}.</ref> have redefined major groups within the Heterobranchia and a [[cladogram]] showing phylogenic relations of Euthyneura is as follows:<ref name="Jörger 2010"/>


{{clade
{{clade

Revision as of 00:12, 9 February 2014

For the dance flies, see Euthyneura (genus).

Euthyneura
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Mollusca
Class:
Gastropoda
(unranked):
clade Heterobranchia
clade Euthyneura

Johann Wilhelm Spengel, 1881[1]

Euthyneura is a taxonomic clade of snails and slugs, which includes species from freshwater, marine, aquatic and terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the clade Heterobranchia.

Euthyneura are considered the crown group of Gastropoda, and are are characterised by several autapomorphies, but are named for euthyneury. They are considered to be the most successful and diverse group of Gastropoda. Within this taxon, the Gastropoda have reached their peak in species richness and ecological diversity. This obvious evolutionary success can probably be attributed to several factors. Marine Opisthobranchia, e.g., have evolved several clades specialised on less used food resources such as sponges or cnidarians. A key innovation in the evolution of Pulmonata was the colonization of freshwater and terrestrial habitats.[2]

Various phylogenetic studies focused on Euthyneura: Dayrat et al. (2001),[3] Dayrat & Tillier (2002)[4] and Grande et al. (2004).[5] Morphological analyses by Dayrat and Tillier (2002)[4] demonstrated the need to explore new datasets in order to critically analyse the phylogeny of this controversial group of gastropods. Klussmann-Kolb et al. (2008) traced an evolutionary scenario regarding colonisation of different habitats based on phylogenetic hypothesis and they showed that traditional classification of Euthyneura needs to be reconsidered.[2]

2010 taxonomy

Jörger et al. (2010)[6] have redefined major groups within the Heterobranchia and a cladogram showing phylogenic relations of Euthyneura is as follows:[6]

Heterobranchia

Lower Heterobranchia (including Acteonoidea) - Lower Heterobranchia does not form a clade in the study by Jörger et al. (2010):[6]

Euthyneura

References

  1. ^ Johann Wilhelm Spengel (1881). "Die Geruchsorgane und des Nervensystem der Mollusken". Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Zoologie 35(3): 333-383.
  2. ^ a b Klussmann-Kolb A., Dinapoli A., Kuhn K., Streit B. & Albrecht C. (2008). "From sea to land and beyond – New insights into the evolution of euthyneuran Gastropoda (Mollusca)". BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008, 8: 57. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-57.
  3. ^ Dayrat B., Tillier A., Lecointre G. & Tillier S. (2001). "New clades of euthyneuran Gastropods (Mollusca) from 28S rRNA sequences". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 19(2): 225-235. doi:10.1006/mpev.2001.0926.
  4. ^ a b Dayrat B. & Tillier S. (2002). "Evolutionary relationships of euthyneuran gastropods (Mollusca): a cladistic re-evaluation of morphological characters". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 135(4): 403-470. doi:10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00018.x
  5. ^ Grande C., Templado J., Cervera J. L. & Zardoya R. (2004). "Molecular Phylogeny of Euthyneura (Mollusca: Gastropoda)". Molecular Biology and Evolution 21(2): 303-313. doi:10.1093/molbev/msh016.
  6. ^ a b c Jörger K. M., Stöger I., Kano Y., Fukuda H., Knebelsberger T. & Schrödl M. (2010). "On the origin of Acochlidia and other enigmatic euthyneuran gastropods, with implications for the systematics of Heterobranchia". BMC Evolutionary Biology 10: 323. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-323.
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