Martqopi: Difference between revisions
Bronze age |
Parthian Empire |
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'''Martqopi''' (Martkopi, or Martqophi) is a village in [[Gardabani District]], on the left side of [[Ialno range]], in the gorges of the rivers Alikhevi and Tevali. The village is situated at an [[Sea level|altitude]] of 770 meters, and is 55 kilometres from [[Gardabani]] and 12 kilometres from Vaziani (the nearest railway station). According to 2002 census, the village is populated by 7666 residents. |
'''Martqopi''' (Martkopi, or Martqophi) is a village in [[Gardabani District]], on the left side of [[Ialno range]], in the gorges of the rivers Alikhevi and Tevali. The village is situated at an [[Sea level|altitude]] of 770 meters, and is 55 kilometres from [[Gardabani]] and 12 kilometres from Vaziani (the nearest railway station). According to 2002 census, the village is populated by 7666 residents. |
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==History== |
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Martkopi territory was inhabited from 1st to the 2nd century. Till the 6th century its name was Akriani. It is considered that name “Martkopi” comes from one of the [[Thirteen Assyrian Fathers]] - [[Anton Martqopeli]] (martomkopeli on Georgian means someone who is living alone). A bench cathedral was established in the 13th century, which since the 15th century became a centre of [[Sadrosho]] (Administrative unit in feudal Georgia mainly used for army mobilizing). In 1625 in Markopi a [[Battle of Martqopi|military confrontation]] took place between [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] and [[Iran]]. |
Martkopi territory was inhabited from 1st to the 2nd century. Till the 6th century its name was Akriani. It is considered that name “Martkopi” comes from one of the [[Thirteen Assyrian Fathers]] - [[Anton Martqopeli]] (martomkopeli on Georgian means someone who is living alone). A bench cathedral was established in the 13th century, which since the 15th century became a centre of [[Sadrosho]] (Administrative unit in feudal Georgia mainly used for army mobilizing). In 1625 in Markopi a [[Battle of Martqopi|military confrontation]] took place between [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] and [[Iran]]. |
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In addition Martkopi served as a cultural centre too. The names of the famous Georgian poets and writers Nikolos Cherkesishvili (17th-18th century), Ioan Khobulashvili (18th century), Stefane Djorjadze (18th century) and others are associated with the village. |
In addition Martkopi served as a cultural centre too. The names of the famous Georgian poets and writers Nikolos Cherkesishvili (17th-18th century), Ioan Khobulashvili (18th century), Stefane Djorjadze (18th century) and others are associated with the village. |
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Precious [[Parthian]] coins (100 BC-200 AD) were found in the territory of the village. |
Precious [[Parthian Empire|Parthian]] coins (100 BC-200 AD) were found in the territory of the village. |
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In Martkopi ruins of cupola church is still preserved. It was built in 1810 by bishop of Rustavi Stefane II. Some other family castles from the 18th century can also be found here. Near the village is Ghvtaeba monastery complex dating back to 5th—6th centuries. |
In Martkopi ruins of cupola church is still preserved. It was built in 1810 by bishop of Rustavi Stefane II. Some other family castles from the 18th century can also be found here. Near the village is Ghvtaeba monastery complex dating back to 5th—6th centuries. |
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This stage of the Early Bronze Age seems to represent the final stage of the [[Kura-Araxes culture]]. According to recent dating, the transition to the Early Kurgan period was around the mid of the 3rd millennium -- somewhat between the 27th to 24th century BC (Kavtaradze 2004; Kohl 2007: 108). |
This stage of the Early Bronze Age seems to represent the final stage of the [[Kura-Araxes culture]]. According to recent dating, the transition to the Early Kurgan period was around the mid of the 3rd millennium -- somewhat between the 27th to 24th century BC (Kavtaradze 2004; Kohl 2007: 108). |
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===Metalwork=== |
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There appears to be the new abundance of metals in this period. Arsenical coppers were dominating the record, while copper and tin-bronzes were represented to a rather limited degree. |
There appears to be the new abundance of metals in this period. Arsenical coppers were dominating the record, while copper and tin-bronzes were represented to a rather limited degree. |
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Revision as of 03:01, 18 November 2015
Martqopi (Martkopi, or Martqophi) is a village in Gardabani District, on the left side of Ialno range, in the gorges of the rivers Alikhevi and Tevali. The village is situated at an altitude of 770 meters, and is 55 kilometres from Gardabani and 12 kilometres from Vaziani (the nearest railway station). According to 2002 census, the village is populated by 7666 residents.
History
Martkopi territory was inhabited from 1st to the 2nd century. Till the 6th century its name was Akriani. It is considered that name “Martkopi” comes from one of the Thirteen Assyrian Fathers - Anton Martqopeli (martomkopeli on Georgian means someone who is living alone). A bench cathedral was established in the 13th century, which since the 15th century became a centre of Sadrosho (Administrative unit in feudal Georgia mainly used for army mobilizing). In 1625 in Markopi a military confrontation took place between Georgia and Iran.
In addition Martkopi served as a cultural centre too. The names of the famous Georgian poets and writers Nikolos Cherkesishvili (17th-18th century), Ioan Khobulashvili (18th century), Stefane Djorjadze (18th century) and others are associated with the village.
Precious Parthian coins (100 BC-200 AD) were found in the territory of the village.
In Martkopi ruins of cupola church is still preserved. It was built in 1810 by bishop of Rustavi Stefane II. Some other family castles from the 18th century can also be found here. Near the village is Ghvtaeba monastery complex dating back to 5th—6th centuries.
Bronze age
Close to village in the Ulevi range archaeologists discovered bronze-age graves.
Several rich burial kurgans have been discovered in the area. They represent the early stage of Early Kurgan Culture.
The Early Kurgan period, known as Martkopi-Bedeni, has been interpreted as a transitional phase and the first stage of the Middle Bronze Age.
The earliest kurgans are believed to be Martkopi type, while the somewhat later kurgans are of Bedeni type.
This stage of the Early Bronze Age seems to represent the final stage of the Kura-Araxes culture. According to recent dating, the transition to the Early Kurgan period was around the mid of the 3rd millennium -- somewhat between the 27th to 24th century BC (Kavtaradze 2004; Kohl 2007: 108).
Metalwork
There appears to be the new abundance of metals in this period. Arsenical coppers were dominating the record, while copper and tin-bronzes were represented to a rather limited degree.
Notes
Sources
- Template:Ka icon Matiashvili A., Menabde L., Sagharadze Sh., GSE, (1983) volume 6, page 462, Tbilisi.
41°47′01″N 45°01′00″E / 41.78361°N 45.01667°E
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