Brain training: Difference between revisions
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Scientific Learning Corp [http://www.scilearn.com/]<br /> |
Scientific Learning Corp [http://www.scilearn.com/]<br /> |
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Posit Science Brain Fitness Channel [http://www.positscience.com/]<br /> |
Posit Science Brain Fitness Channel [http://www.positscience.com/]<br /> |
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Glossary of Brain Fitness Terms [http://www.sharpbrains.com/blog/2006/09/24/brain-fitness-and-mind-fitness-glossary/]<br /> |
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Maintain Your Brain™ public awareness campaign by the Alzheimer's Association [http://www.alz.org/Media/resources/MYBcampaign.asp]<br /> |
Maintain Your Brain™ public awareness campaign by the Alzheimer's Association [http://www.alz.org/Media/resources/MYBcampaign.asp]<br /> |
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'''Blog:'''<br /> |
'''Blog:'''<br /> |
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SharpBrains: Your Window into the Brains Fitness Revolution [http://www.sharpbrains.com/blog]<br /> |
SharpBrains: Your Window into the Brains Fitness Revolution [http://www.sharpbrains.com/blog]<br /> |
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'''Interviews with scientists:'''<br /> |
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Dr. Gopher [http://www.sharpbrains.com/blog/2006/11/02/cognitive-simulations-for-basketball-game-intelligence-interview-with-prof-daniel-gopher/]<br /> |
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Dr. Klingberg [http://www.sharpbrains.com/blog/2006/09/25/working-memory-training-and-robomemo-interview-with-dr-torkel-klingberg/]<br /> |
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'''Industry Analysts:'''<br /> |
'''Industry Analysts:'''<br /> |
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Neuroinsights [http://www.neuroinsights.com/home.html]<br /> |
Neuroinsights [http://www.neuroinsights.com/home.html]<br /> |
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Revision as of 03:17, 30 November 2006
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What is Brain Fitness?
Brain Fitness refers to the capacity of a person to meet the various cognitive demands of life without reducing the person to a fatigued state. The components of brain fitness are: Novelty, Challenge, and Stretching Practice. It is determined in part by regular activity (“use it or lose it”), good nutrition, physical fitness, and stress reduction. It can be measured by neurogenesis -the creation of new neurons- and new functional connections (synapses, dendrites). A person with good brain fitness has a cognitive reserve of improved memory, concentration, executive functions, decision-making, mental flexibility, planning skills, reaction time, capacity to learn, stress management, and other core capacities.
How Do You Get Your Brain Fit?
Much like physical fitness, brain fitness requires a disciplined workout of exercises that present a variety of novel challenges in a supportive, non-stressful environment. Regular brain workouts not only may help prevent age-related cognitive decline, dementia, Alzheimer’s, and other cognitively degenerative diseases, but also can improve normally functioning minds. The key is that any exercises must be scientifically based and proven to generalize into overall cognitive abilities, mental faculties, and performance.
Aids to Brain Fitness
Novel stimuli
Variety of stimuli
Regular exercise
Good nutrition
Physical fitness
Stress Management
Sleep
Impediments to Brain Fitness
Stress/Anxiety
Depression
Aging
Decreasing estrogen
oxytocin
cortisol
Brain Exercises
Inhibition: Stroop Test [1] or [2]
Planning: The Tower of Hanoi [3]
Notable Brain Fitness Scientists (alphabetically)
Richard Davidson [4]
Marian Diamond [5]
Fred Gage [6]
Elkhonon Goldberg [7]
Daniel Gopher [8]
Jon Kabat-Zinn [9]
Torkel Klingberg [10]
Michael Merzenich [11]
Mark Rosenzweig [12]
Robert Sapolsky [13]
Paula Tallal [14]
Reference Papers
Ambrogini P, et al. Learning may induce neurogenesis in adult rat dentate gyrus. Neuroscience Letters. 2004;359:13-16.
Bennett, DA, et al. Education modifies the relation of AD pathology to level of cognitive function in older persons. Neurology. 2003;60/12:1909-15.
Bruel-Jungerman ES, Laroche, Rampon C. New neurons in the dentate gyrus are involved in the expression of enhanced long-term memory following environmental enrichment. European Journal of Neuroscience. 2005;21/2:513-21.
Döbrössy MDE, et al. Differential effects of learning on neurogenesis: learning increases or decreases the number of newly born cells depending on their birth date. Molecular Psychiatry. 2003;8:974-82.
Gopher D, Weil M, Baraket T. Transfer of skill from a computer game trainer to flight. Human Factors. 1994;36,1-19.
Gould E, et al. Learning enhances adult neurogenesis in the hippocampal formation. Nature Neuroscience. 1999;2/3:260-5.
Kempermann G, Gast D, Gage FH. Neuroplasticity in old age: sustained fivefold induction of hippocampal neurogenesis by long-term environmental enrichment. Annals of Neurology. 2002;52:135-43.
Klingberg T, Fernell E, Olesen PJ, Johnson M, Gustafsson P, Dahlstrom K, Gillberg CG, Forssberg H, Westerberg H. Computerized training of working memory in children with ADHD--a randomized, controlled trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2005;44(2):177-86.
Leuner B, et al. Learning enhances the survival of new neurons beyond the time when the hippocampus is required for memory. Journal of Neuroscience. 2004;4:7477-81.
Scarmeas N, Stern Y. Cognitive reserve and lifestyle. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2003;25(5):625-33.
Verghese J, et al. Leisure activities and the risk of dementia in the elderly. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2003;348/25:2508-16.
Wilson RS, et al. Participation in cognitively stimulating activities and risk of incident Alzheimer disease. JAMA. 2002;287/6:742-8.
External Resources
Scientific Learning Corp [15]
Posit Science Brain Fitness Channel [16]
Maintain Your Brain™ public awareness campaign by the Alzheimer's Association [17]
Blog:
SharpBrains: Your Window into the Brains Fitness Revolution [18]
Industry Analysts:
Neuroinsights [19]
Neurotech Reports [20]