Lázně Darkov: Difference between revisions

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[[Image:Most Sokolovských hrdinů.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Darkov bridge]] on the Olza River]]
[[Image:Most Sokolovských hrdinů.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Darkov bridge]] on the Olza River]]


{{Audio|Darkov.ogg|'''Darkov'''}} ([[Polish language|Polish]]: {{Audio-nohelp|Darkow.ogg|''Darków''}}, {{lang-de|Darkau}}) is a village in [[Karviná District]], [[Moravian-Silesian Region]], [[Czech Republic]], now administratively a part of the city of [[Karviná]]. Till 1948 it was a separate municipality. It lies on the [[Olza River]], in the historical region of [[Cieszyn Silesia]]. Darkov has a population of 406 (2001).<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.czso.cz/csu/2004edicniplan.nsf/t/9200404384/$File/13n106cd1.pdf |title= Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869 - 2005 - 1. díl |accessdate= | pages = 718–719 |year = 2006 |location = Praha |publisher= [[Czech Statistical Office]] }}</ref>
{{Audio|Darkov.ogg|'''Darkov'''}} ([[Polish language|Polish]]: {{Audio-nohelp|Darkow.ogg|''Darków''}}, {{lang-de|Darkau}}) is a village in [[Karviná District]], [[Moravian-Silesian Region]], [[Czech Republic]], now administratively a part of the city of [[Karviná]]. Till 1948 it was a separate municipality. It lies on the [[Olza River]], in the historical region of [[Cieszyn Silesia]]. Darkov has a population of 406 (2001).<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.czso.cz/csu/2004edicniplan.nsf/t/9200404384/$File/13n106cd1.pdf |title= Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869 - 2005 - 1. díl | pages = 718–719 |year = 2006 |location = Praha |publisher= [[Czech Statistical Office]] }}</ref>


The name is possessive in origin derived from personal name ''Darek''.<ref name="mrozek">{{cite book | last = Mrózek | first = Robert | title = Nazwy miejscowe dawnego Śląska Cieszyńskiego |trans-title=Local names of former Cieszyn Silesia | publisher = [[University of Silesia in Katowice|Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach]] | year = 1984 | location = Katowice | pages = 57 | language = Polish |issn = 0208-6336}}</ref>
The name is possessive in origin derived from personal name ''Darek''.<ref name="mrozek">{{cite book | last = Mrózek | first = Robert | title = Nazwy miejscowe dawnego Śląska Cieszyńskiego |trans-title=Local names of former Cieszyn Silesia | publisher = [[University of Silesia in Katowice|Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach]] | year = 1984 | location = Katowice | pages = 57 | language = pl |issn = 0208-6336}}</ref>


== History ==
== History ==
[[File:2013 Karwina, Darków, Dom Zdrojowy 03.jpg|thumb|250px|Spa House in the Spa Park]]
[[File:2013 Karwina, Darków, Dom Zdrojowy 03.jpg|thumb|250px|Spa House in the Spa Park]]


Some sources state that the village was first mentioned in a Latin document of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Wrocław|Diocese of Wrocław]] called ''[[Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis]]'' from around 1305 as ''item in Bertholdi villa debent esse XLV mansi'',<ref name="mrozek"/><ref>{{cite book |first=Wilhelm |last=Schulte |authorlink=Wilhelm Schulte |title=Codex Diplomaticus Silesiae T.14 Liber Fundationis Episcopatus Vratislaviensis|publisher= |place=Breslau |year=1889 |url= http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=19747&from=publication | language = de}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.dokumentyslaska.pl/cds%2014/liber.html|title=Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis |accessdate=13 July 2014|language=la}}</ref> however it is unlikely and disputed.<ref name="panic">{{cite book | last = Panic | first = Idzi | authorlink = Idzi Panic | title = Śląsk Cieszyński w średniowieczu (do 1528) |trans-title=Cieszyn Silesia in Middle Ages (until 1528) | publisher = Starostwo Powiatowe w Cieszynie | year = 2010 | location = Cieszyn | page = 299 | language = Polish |isbn = 978-83-926929-3-5 }}</ref>{{efn|This leaves the question what happened to ''Bertholdi villa'', as it indeed lay somewhere in the vicinity but is now considered lost. It was probably absorbed by another nearby village, but not necessarily by ''Darkov''.<ref name="panic"/>}} Surely it was later mentioned in a written document in 1447 as ''Darkow''.<ref name="mrozek"/><ref>Hosák et al. 1970, 171.</ref> Politically it belonged initially to the [[Duchy of Teschen]], a [[Fee (feudal tenure)|fee]] of the [[Kingdom of Bohemia]], which after 1526 became part of the [[Habsburg Monarchy]]. In 1573 it was sold as one of a dozen villages and the town of [[Fryštát|Freistadt]] and formed a [[state country]] split from the Duchy of Teschen.<ref>{{cite book | last = Panic | first = Idzi | authorlink = Idzi Panic | title = Śląsk Cieszyński w początkach czasów nowożytnych (1528-1653) |trans-title=Cieszyn Silesia in the beginnings of Modern Era (1528-1653) | publisher = Starostwo Powiatowe w Cieszynie | year = 2011 | location = Cieszyn | pages = 226–227 | language = Polish |isbn = 978-83-926929-5-9 }}</ref>
Some sources state that the village was first mentioned in a Latin document of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Wrocław|Diocese of Wrocław]] called ''[[Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis]]'' from around 1305 as ''item in Bertholdi villa debent esse XLV mansi'',<ref name="mrozek"/><ref>{{cite book |first=Wilhelm |last=Schulte |author-link=Wilhelm Schulte |title=Codex Diplomaticus Silesiae T.14 Liber Fundationis Episcopatus Vratislaviensis|place=Breslau |year=1889 |url= http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=19747&from=publication | language = de}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.dokumentyslaska.pl/cds%2014/liber.html|title=Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis |access-date=13 July 2014|language=la}}</ref> however it is unlikely and disputed.<ref name="panic">{{cite book | last = Panic | first = Idzi | author-link = Idzi Panic | title = Śląsk Cieszyński w średniowieczu (do 1528) |trans-title=Cieszyn Silesia in Middle Ages (until 1528) | publisher = Starostwo Powiatowe w Cieszynie | year = 2010 | location = Cieszyn | page = 299 | language = pl |isbn = 978-83-926929-3-5 }}</ref>{{efn|This leaves the question what happened to ''Bertholdi villa'', as it indeed lay somewhere in the vicinity but is now considered lost. It was probably absorbed by another nearby village, but not necessarily by ''Darkov''.<ref name="panic"/>}} Surely it was later mentioned in a written document in 1447 as ''Darkow''.<ref name="mrozek"/><ref>Hosák et al. 1970, 171.</ref> Politically it belonged initially to the [[Duchy of Teschen]], a [[Fee (feudal tenure)|fee]] of the [[Kingdom of Bohemia]], which after 1526 became part of the [[Habsburg Monarchy]]. In 1573 it was sold as one of a dozen villages and the town of [[Fryštát|Freistadt]] and formed a [[state country]] split from the Duchy of Teschen.<ref>{{cite book | last = Panic | first = Idzi | author-link = Idzi Panic | title = Śląsk Cieszyński w początkach czasów nowożytnych (1528-1653) |trans-title=Cieszyn Silesia in the beginnings of Modern Era (1528-1653) | publisher = Starostwo Powiatowe w Cieszynie | year = 2011 | location = Cieszyn | pages = 226–227 | language = pl |isbn = 978-83-926929-5-9 }}</ref>


After the [[Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire]] a modern [[municipality|municipal division]] was introduced in the re-established [[Austrian Silesia]]. The village as a municipality was subscribed at first to the [[Districts of Austria|political district]] of [[Teschen District|Teschen]] and the [[legal district]] of [[Fryštát|Freistadt]], which in 1868 became an independent [[Freistadt District (Austrian Silesia)|political district]]. According to the censuses conducted in 1880, 1890, 1900 and 1910 the population of the municipality grew from 614 in 1880 to 2,305 in 1910 with a majority being native Polish-speakers (dropping from 97.4% in 1880 to 94.8% in 1900, then growing to 96.5% in 1910) accompanied by German-speaking (between 1.8% and 3.9%) and Czech-speaking people (between 0.3% and 1.3%). In terms of religion in 1910 the majority were [[Roman Catholics]] (2,042 or 88.6%), followed by [[Protestants]] (223 or 9.7%) and [[Jews]] (39 or 1.7%).<ref>{{cite book | last = Piątkowski | first = Kazimierz | title = Stosunki narodowościowe w Księstwie Cieszyńskiem | publisher = Macierz Szkolna Księstwa Cieszyńskiego | year = 1918 | location = Cieszyn | pages = 273, 290 | language = Polish |url = http://obc.opole.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=1076 }}</ref><ref>Ludwig Patryn (ed): ''[http://www.sbc.org.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=11734 Die Ergebnisse der Volkszählung vom 31. Dezember 1910 in Schlesien] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718173246/http://www.sbc.org.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=11734 |date=2011-07-18 }}'', Troppau 1912.</ref> The village was also traditionally inhabited by [[Silesian Lachs]], speaking [[Cieszyn Silesian dialect]].
After the [[Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire]] a modern [[municipality|municipal division]] was introduced in the re-established [[Austrian Silesia]]. The village as a municipality was subscribed at first to the [[Districts of Austria|political district]] of [[Teschen District|Teschen]] and the [[legal district]] of [[Fryštát|Freistadt]], which in 1868 became an independent [[Freistadt District (Austrian Silesia)|political district]]. According to the censuses conducted in 1880, 1890, 1900 and 1910 the population of the municipality grew from 614 in 1880 to 2,305 in 1910 with a majority being native Polish-speakers (dropping from 97.4% in 1880 to 94.8% in 1900, then growing to 96.5% in 1910) accompanied by German-speaking (between 1.8% and 3.9%) and Czech-speaking people (between 0.3% and 1.3%). In terms of religion in 1910 the majority were [[Roman Catholics]] (2,042 or 88.6%), followed by [[Protestants]] (223 or 9.7%) and [[Jews]] (39 or 1.7%).<ref>{{cite book | last = Piątkowski | first = Kazimierz | title = Stosunki narodowościowe w Księstwie Cieszyńskiem | publisher = Macierz Szkolna Księstwa Cieszyńskiego | year = 1918 | location = Cieszyn | pages = 273, 290 | language = pl |url = http://obc.opole.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=1076 }}</ref><ref>Ludwig Patryn (ed): ''[http://www.sbc.org.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=11734 Die Ergebnisse der Volkszählung vom 31. Dezember 1910 in Schlesien] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718173246/http://www.sbc.org.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=11734 |date=2011-07-18 }}'', Troppau 1912.</ref> The village was also traditionally inhabited by [[Silesian Lachs]], speaking [[Cieszyn Silesian dialect]].


After [[World War I]], the fall of [[Austria-Hungary]], the [[Polish–Czechoslovak War]] and the division of [[Cieszyn Silesia]] in 1920, the village became a part of [[Czechoslovak Republic (1918-1938)|Czechoslovakia]]. Following the [[Munich Agreement]], in October 1938 together with the [[Zaolzie]] region it was annexed by [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]], administratively organised in [[Frysztat County]] of [[Silesian Voivodeship (1920–39)|Silesian Voivodeship]].<ref>{{cite journal |title= Ustawa z dnia 27 października 1938 r. o podziale administracyjnym i tymczasowej organizacji administracji na obszarze Ziem Odzyskanych Śląska Cieszyńskiego |journal= Dziennik Ustaw Śląskich|volume=nr 18/1938, poz. 35 |date=31 October 1938|publicationplace=Katowice|url= http://www.sbc.org.pl/dlibra/plain-content?id=6949|accessdate=1 July 2014|language=pl}}</ref> The village was then annexed by [[Nazi Germany]] at the beginning of [[World War II]]. After the war it was restored to [[Czechoslovakia]].
After [[World War I]], the fall of [[Austria-Hungary]], the [[Polish–Czechoslovak War]] and the division of [[Cieszyn Silesia]] in 1920, the village became a part of [[Czechoslovak Republic (1918-1938)|Czechoslovakia]]. Following the [[Munich Agreement]], in October 1938 together with the [[Zaolzie]] region it was annexed by [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]], administratively organised in [[Frysztat County]] of [[Silesian Voivodeship (1920–39)|Silesian Voivodeship]].<ref>{{cite journal |title= Ustawa z dnia 27 października 1938 r. o podziale administracyjnym i tymczasowej organizacji administracji na obszarze Ziem Odzyskanych Śląska Cieszyńskiego |journal= Dziennik Ustaw Śląskich|volume=nr 18/1938, poz. 35 |date=31 October 1938|publication-place=Katowice|url= http://www.sbc.org.pl/dlibra/plain-content?id=6949|access-date=1 July 2014|language=pl}}</ref> The village was then annexed by [[Nazi Germany]] at the beginning of [[World War II]]. After the war it was restored to [[Czechoslovakia]].


The village is well known for its Darkov Spa facilities, established in 1866 which treats various diseases, mostly diseases of locomotive organs, conditions after accidents and operations etc. It has one of the best [[iodine]]-[[bromine]] waters in Central Europe.
The village is well known for its Darkov Spa facilities, established in 1866 which treats various diseases, mostly diseases of locomotive organs, conditions after accidents and operations etc. It has one of the best [[iodine]]-[[bromine]] waters in Central Europe.
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| year = 2000
| year = 2000
| location = Český Těšín
| location = Český Těšín
| pages =
| doi =
| isbn = 80-238-6081-X }}
| isbn = 80-238-6081-X }}


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| year = 1970
| year = 1970
| location = Praha
| location = Praha
}}
| pages =
| doi =
| id = }}


* {{cite journal
* {{cite journal
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|date=October 2007
| pages = 49
| pages = 49
| doi =
}}
| id = }}


== External links ==
== External links ==

Revision as of 00:03, 14 December 2020

Darkov bridge on the Olza River

Darkovⓘ (Polish: Darkówⓘ, German: Darkau) is a village in Karviná District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic, now administratively a part of the city of Karviná. Till 1948 it was a separate municipality. It lies on the Olza River, in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia. Darkov has a population of 406 (2001).[1]

The name is possessive in origin derived from personal name Darek.[2]

History

Spa House in the Spa Park

Some sources state that the village was first mentioned in a Latin document of Diocese of Wrocław called Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis from around 1305 as item in Bertholdi villa debent esse XLV mansi,[2][3][4] however it is unlikely and disputed.[5][a] Surely it was later mentioned in a written document in 1447 as Darkow.[2][6] Politically it belonged initially to the Duchy of Teschen, a fee of the Kingdom of Bohemia, which after 1526 became part of the Habsburg Monarchy. In 1573 it was sold as one of a dozen villages and the town of Freistadt and formed a state country split from the Duchy of Teschen.[7]

After the Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire a modern municipal division was introduced in the re-established Austrian Silesia. The village as a municipality was subscribed at first to the political district of Teschen and the legal district of Freistadt, which in 1868 became an independent political district. According to the censuses conducted in 1880, 1890, 1900 and 1910 the population of the municipality grew from 614 in 1880 to 2,305 in 1910 with a majority being native Polish-speakers (dropping from 97.4% in 1880 to 94.8% in 1900, then growing to 96.5% in 1910) accompanied by German-speaking (between 1.8% and 3.9%) and Czech-speaking people (between 0.3% and 1.3%). In terms of religion in 1910 the majority were Roman Catholics (2,042 or 88.6%), followed by Protestants (223 or 9.7%) and Jews (39 or 1.7%).[8][9] The village was also traditionally inhabited by Silesian Lachs, speaking Cieszyn Silesian dialect.

After World War I, the fall of Austria-Hungary, the Polish–Czechoslovak War and the division of Cieszyn Silesia in 1920, the village became a part of Czechoslovakia. Following the Munich Agreement, in October 1938 together with the Zaolzie region it was annexed by Poland, administratively organised in Frysztat County of Silesian Voivodeship.[10] The village was then annexed by Nazi Germany at the beginning of World War II. After the war it was restored to Czechoslovakia.

The village is well known for its Darkov Spa facilities, established in 1866 which treats various diseases, mostly diseases of locomotive organs, conditions after accidents and operations etc. It has one of the best iodine-bromine waters in Central Europe.

Prominent landmark is a Darkov bridge on the Olza built in 1922-1925, located just near the spa. In 1991 it was inscribed on the state register of technical landmarks. It was renovated in the 2000s.

Darkov together with neighboring villages suffered of under-mining caused by nearby coal mines. This affected the character of the village as many inhabitants relocated to nearby villages and towns, thus seriously depopulating the village.

People

Notes

  1. ^ This leaves the question what happened to Bertholdi villa, as it indeed lay somewhere in the vicinity but is now considered lost. It was probably absorbed by another nearby village, but not necessarily by Darkov.[5]

Footnotes

  1. ^ "Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869 - 2005 - 1. díl" (PDF). Praha: Czech Statistical Office. 2006. pp. 718–719.
  2. ^ a b c Mrózek, Robert (1984). Nazwy miejscowe dawnego Śląska Cieszyńskiego [Local names of former Cieszyn Silesia] (in Polish). Katowice: Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach. p. 57. ISSN 0208-6336.
  3. ^ Schulte, Wilhelm (1889). Codex Diplomaticus Silesiae T.14 Liber Fundationis Episcopatus Vratislaviensis (in German). Breslau.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  4. ^ "Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis" (in Latin). Retrieved 13 July 2014.
  5. ^ a b Panic, Idzi (2010). Śląsk Cieszyński w średniowieczu (do 1528) [Cieszyn Silesia in Middle Ages (until 1528)] (in Polish). Cieszyn: Starostwo Powiatowe w Cieszynie. p. 299. ISBN 978-83-926929-3-5.
  6. ^ Hosák et al. 1970, 171.
  7. ^ Panic, Idzi (2011). Śląsk Cieszyński w początkach czasów nowożytnych (1528-1653) [Cieszyn Silesia in the beginnings of Modern Era (1528-1653)] (in Polish). Cieszyn: Starostwo Powiatowe w Cieszynie. pp. 226–227. ISBN 978-83-926929-5-9.
  8. ^ Piątkowski, Kazimierz (1918). Stosunki narodowościowe w Księstwie Cieszyńskiem (in Polish). Cieszyn: Macierz Szkolna Księstwa Cieszyńskiego. pp. 273, 290.
  9. ^ Ludwig Patryn (ed): Die Ergebnisse der Volkszählung vom 31. Dezember 1910 in Schlesien Archived 2011-07-18 at the Wayback Machine, Troppau 1912.
  10. ^ "Ustawa z dnia 27 października 1938 r. o podziale administracyjnym i tymczasowej organizacji administracji na obszarze Ziem Odzyskanych Śląska Cieszyńskiego". Dziennik Ustaw Śląskich (in Polish). nr 18/1938, poz. 35. Katowice. 31 October 1938. Retrieved 1 July 2014. {{cite journal}}: |volume= has extra text (help)

References

  • Cicha, Irena; Jaworski, Kazimierz; Ondraszek, Bronisław; Stalmach, Barbara; Stalmach, Jan (2000). Olza od pramene po ujście. Český Těšín: Region Silesia. ISBN 80-238-6081-X.
  • Hosák, Ladislav; Rudolf Šrámek (1970). Místní jména na Moravě a ve Slezsku I, A-L. Praha: Academia.
  • Owczarzy, Władysław (October 2007). "Zabytek techniki". Zwrot: 49.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Darkov.

49°50′24″N 18°32′34″E / 49.84000°N 18.54278°E / 49.84000; 18.54278

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