Manuel Pessanha

Manuel Pessanha (Portuguese translation of Italian Emanuele Pessagno) was a Genoese merchant sailor who served in Portugal in the 14th century as the first Portuguese Navy admiral at the time of King Denis of Portugal.

Manuel Pessanha was the son of Simone, lord of the Castle di Passagne. In 1316-17 he made an agreement with king Denis of Portugal, appointing him to rearrange the incipient Portuguese Navy (for which he would bring twenty men from Genoa to exercise as mayors of vessels). In a letter dated February 1 of 1317, he was appointed with the title of Admiral of Portugal (which would become hereditary in his family until the 1383–1385 Crisis), entitled to a pension of 3,000 pounds, divided into three equal payments dued the months of January, May and September, and from rural incomes from several land possessions in Portugal. This contract was subsequently confirmed to him in 1317, April 14 of 1321 and April 21 of 1327.

He participated in the naval battles that opposed the Kingdom of Castile to Portugal during the reign of king Afonso IV of Portugal and was made prisoner by the Castilians in 1337, after the Battle of Cape St. Vincent, and released in 1339. In 30 October 1340 he commanded the Portuguese fleet that helped Castile in the Battle of Salado, fighting off Cádiz, while the Moor's ships blocked Tarifa. In 1341, he participated in an attack on Ceuta, considered a nest of Moroccan pirates who regularly attacked the coasts of Algarve. His performance in this confrontation led to the Pope Benedict XII praising him in a bull consigned to the Portuguese king.

From his first marriage to Genebra Pereira, was born Bartolomeu Pessanha, his successor at the head of the Admiralty, and from a second marriage to Leonor Afonso, Lançarote Pessanha also Admiral of Portugal, who was murdered in Castelo de Beja during the 1383–1385 Crisis.

References

• Diffie, Bailey (1977), Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415–1580, p. 210, University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 0816607826</ref>
• FERREIRA, João Pedro Rosa. Manuel Pessanha. in: ALBUQUERQUE, Luís de (dir.); DOMINGUES, Francisco Contente (coord). Dicionário de História dos Descobrimentos Portugueses (v. II). Lisboa: Editorial Caminho, 1994. pp. 896-898.