Agent noun: Difference between revisions
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*Latin: -tor (m.) / -trix (f.) / -trum (n.) / -torius, -a, -um (adj.) as in ''arator'' / ''aratrix'' / ''aratrum'' / ''aratorius''; -sor (m.) / -strix (f.) / -strum (n.) / -sorius, -a, -um (adj.) as in ''assessor'' / ''assestrix'' / ''*assestrum'' / ''assessorius''; see also: -ens |
*Latin: -tor (m.) / -trix (f.) / -trum (n.) / -torius, -a, -um (adj.) as in ''arator'' / ''aratrix'' / ''aratrum'' / ''aratorius''; -sor (m.) / -strix (f.) / -strum (n.) / -sorius, -a, -um (adj.) as in ''assessor'' / ''assestrix'' / ''*assestrum'' / ''assessorius''; see also: -ens |
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*Maori: kai- |
*Maori: kai- |
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*Persian: ـنده (-ande): from persent roots; as in گوینده (gūyande; speaker) from گفتن، گوی- (goftan, gūy-; to speak) / ـار (-ār) : from past roots; as in خواستار (x<sup>w</sup>āstār; wanter) from خواستن، خواه- (x<sup>w</sup>āstan, x<sup>w</sup>āh-; to want). / ـگر (-gar): from nouns ; as in کارگر (kārgar; worker) from کار (kār; work)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.parsi.wiki/fa/wiki/topicdetail/e1e46578abf04cdabe3aa8b782029553|title="Agent noun-اسم فاعل" in Dehkhoda Dictionary|last=|first=|date=|website=Parsi Wiki|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>. |
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*Polish: see table |
*Polish: see table |
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*Spanish: -dor(a) |
*Spanish: -dor(a) |
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Revision as of 10:23, 10 March 2019
In linguistics, an agent noun (in Latin, nomen agentis) is a word that is derived from another word denoting an action, and that identifies an entity that does that action.[1] For example, "driver" is an agent noun formed from the verb "drive".[2]
Usually, derived in the above definition has the strict sense attached to it in morphology, that is the derivation takes as an input a lexeme (an abstract unit of morphological analysis) and produces a new lexeme. However, the classification of morphemes into derivational morphemes (see word formation) and inflectional ones is not generally a straightforward theoretical question, and different authors can make different decisions as to the general theoretical principles of the classification as well as to the actual classification of morphemes presented in a grammar of some language (for example, of the agent noun-forming morpheme).
| -cz | bieg-ać 'to run' | bieg-acz 'runner' |
|---|---|---|
| -rz | pis-ać 'to write' | pis-arz 'writer' |
| -c | †kraw-ać 'to cut' | kraw-iec 'tailor' |
| -ca | daw-ać 'to give' | daw-ca 'giver' |
| -k | pis-ać 'to write' | pis-ak 'marker' (pen) |
| skak-ać 'to jump' | skocz-ek 'jumper' | |
| chodz-ić 'to walk' | chodz-ik 'walker' (walking aid) | |
| -l | nos-ić 'to carry' | nos-ic-iel 'carrier' |
| -nik | pracow-ać 'to work' | pracow-nik 'worker' |
| rob-ić 'to do' 'to work' rob-ot-a 'work' |
rob-ot-nik 'worker' | |
| praw-ić 'to orate' 'to moralize' praw-o 'law' praw-y 'right' 'righteous' |
praw-nik 'lawyer' | |
| -y | las 'forest' leś-nik 'forester' |
leś-nicz-y 'forester' |
An agentive affix is commonly used to form an agent noun from a verb. Examples:
- English: "-er", "-or", "-ist".
- Basque: -le (ikasle "student" from ikasi "learn")
- German: -er, -ler, -ner, -or, -ör, -ist, -it, -ite, -ant, -ent (may be compounded with the feminine ending "-in")
- French: -(t)eur(m.)/-(t)euse(f.), -trice, -iste
- Greek: -ήρ, τήρ
- Hungarian: no specific agentive suffix, the nominalization of present participle (suffix: -ó/-ő, according to vowel harmony) is used instead; examples: dolgozó (worker), szerelő (repairman), vezető (leader, driver, electrical conductor)
- Latin: -tor (m.) / -trix (f.) / -trum (n.) / -torius, -a, -um (adj.) as in arator / aratrix / aratrum / aratorius; -sor (m.) / -strix (f.) / -strum (n.) / -sorius, -a, -um (adj.) as in assessor / assestrix / *assestrum / assessorius; see also: -ens
- Maori: kai-
- Persian: ـنده (-ande): from persent roots; as in گوینده (gūyande; speaker) from گفتن، گوی- (goftan, gūy-; to speak) / ـار (-ār) : from past roots; as in خواستار (xwāstār; wanter) from خواستن، خواه- (xwāstan, xwāh-; to want). / ـگر (-gar): from nouns ; as in کارگر (kārgar; worker) from کار (kār; work)[3].
- Polish: see table
- Spanish: -dor(a)
- Finnish: -ja/-jä (puhua 'speak', puhuja 'speaker'; lyödä 'hit', lyöjä 'hitter'); -uri (borrowed from '-or'/'er', probably via German)
- Russian: -чик or -ник (m.) / -чица or -ница (f.) as in ученик 'student'; -тель (m.) / -тельница (f.) as in учитель 'teacher'[4]
- Dutch: -er, -ende, -or, -iet, -ant
See also
References
- ^ "agent noun". Oxford Learner's Dictionaries. Retrieved December 11, 2014.
- ^ Panther, Klaus-Uwe; Thornburg, Linda L.; Barcelona, Antonio (2009). Metonymy and metaphor in grammar. Vol. 25. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 101. ISBN 90-272-2379-3.
- ^ ""Agent noun-اسم فاعل" in Dehkhoda Dictionary". Parsi Wiki.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help) - ^ MasterRussian.com. "Suffixes of Russian Nouns - Examples and Translation of Russian Suffixes". masterrussian.com. Retrieved 2017-02-15.
External links
Further reading
- Maria Wojtyła-Świerzowska, Prasłowiańskie nomen agentis ("Protoslavic Nomen Agentis"), Wroclaw, 1975
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