Mezzo-soprano and Cosmofon: Difference between pages
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{{Infobox_Company | |
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{{Vocal range}} |
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company_name = Cosmofon| |
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:''This article is related to a series of articles under the main article [[Voice type]].'' |
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company_logo = [[Image:Logo_of_Cosmofon.gif]] | |
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company_type = [[limited liability company]] | |
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foundation = [[2003]] | |
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location = [[Skopje]], [[Republic of Macedonia|Macedonia]]| |
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key_people = | |
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num_employees = | |
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[http://www.cosmote.gr/cosmote/cosmote.portal?locale=en_US&_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=press_releases&path=%2FSCSDevRepository%2Fcontent%2Fen%2Fsections%2Fpressoffice%2Fpressrelease%2F220207_eng.xml&breadcrumbTitle=COSMOTE+Group+full+year+2006+Financial+Results#4]| |
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industry = [[mobile phone|mobile]] [[telecommunications]] | |
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products = [[Mobile phone|mobile telephony]] | |
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homepage = [http://cosmofon.mk/ www.cosmofon.mk] |
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}} |
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Founded in 2003, '''Cosmofon''' was the second [[GSM]] [[mobile phone]] operator in the [[Republic of Macedonia]]. The first call through the network of Cosmofon took place on May 16, 2003, and now it's network codes are 075 and 076. |
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A '''mezzo-soprano''' (meaning "medium" or "middle" "soprano" in [[Italian language|Italian]]) is a classical female [[singer]] whose range lies between the [[soprano]] and the [[contralto]], usually extending from the A below [[middle C]] to the A two octaves above (i.e. A<sub>3</sub>-A<sub>5</sub> in [[scientific pitch notation]], where middle C = C<sub>4</sub>). In the lower and upper extremes, some mezzo-sopranos may extend down to the G below middle C (G3) and as high as "high C" (C6).<ref name=Appelman>{{cite book |
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|title= The Science of Vocal Pedagogy: Theory and Application |
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|last= Appelman |
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|first= D. Ralph |
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|year= 1986 |
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|publisher= Indiana University Press |
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|isbn= 978-0253203786}}</ref> While mezzo-sopranos generally have a heavier, darker tone than sopranos, the mezzo-soprano voice resonates in a higher range than that of a contralto. The terms ''[[Louise-Rosalie Lefebvre|Dugazon]]'' and ''[[Célestine Marié|Galli-Marié]]'' are sometimes used to refer to light mezzo-sopranos, after the names of famous singers. A [[castrato]] with a mezzo-soprano range was also called a ''mezzo-soprano castrato'' or ''mezzista''. Today, however, only women should be referred to as mezzo-sopranos, and men singing within the female range should be called [[countertenors]].<ref name=Stark>{{cite book |
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|title= Bel Canto: A History of Vocal Pedagogy |
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|last= Stark |
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|first= James |
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|year= 2003 |
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|publisher= University of Toronto Press |
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|isbn= 978-0802086143}}</ref> For information regarding non-classical mezzo-sopranos see [[Voice classification in non-classical music]]. |
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Cosmofon commenced its commercial operation on June 12, 2003. |
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Mezzo-sopranos typically sing secondary roles in operas, with the protagonist in [[Georges Bizet|Bizet]]'s ''[[Carmen]]'' and Rosina in [[Gioacchino Rossini|Rossini]]'s ''[[The Barber of Seville|Barber of Seville]]'' as the most notable exceptions. Typical roles for mezzo-sopranos include witches, nurses, and wise women such as Azucena in Verdi's [[Il trovatore]]; [[trouser role]] (male characters played by female singers) such as Cherubino in Mozart's ''[[Le nozze di Figaro]]''; and villains and seductresses such as Amneris in Verdi's ''[[Aida]]''. Mezzo-sopranos are also well represented in [[baroque music]], [[early music]] and [[baroque opera]].<ref name=Appelman /> |
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Cosmofon is a company owned 100% by the [[Cosmote]] Group, the leading [[telecommunications]] group in Greece and the largest integrated telecommunications [[operator]] in [[Southeastern Europe]]. The vision of OTE is to rank among the top telecommunications companies in Europe. |
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Some roles designated for lighter [[soubrette]] sopranos are sung by mezzo sopranos, who often provide a fuller, more dramatic quality. Such roles include Despina in Mozart's ''[[Così fan tutte]]'' and Zerlina in Mozart's ''[[Don Giovanni]]''.<ref name=Caldwell>{{cite book |
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|title= Singer's Edition (Soubrette): Operatic Arias - Soubrette |
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|last= Boldrey |
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|first= Richard |
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|coauthors= Robert Caldwell, Werner Singer, Joan Wall and Roger Pines |
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|year= 1992 |
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|publisher= Caldwell Publishing Company |
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|isbn= 978-1877761034}}</ref> Mezzos also sometimes play dramatic soprano roles such as Santuzza in Mascagni's ''[[Cavalleria rusticana]]'', Lady Macbeth in Verdi's ''[[Macbeth (opera)|Macbeth]]'', and Kundry in Wagner's ''[[Parsifal]]''.<ref name=Boldrey>{{cite book |
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|title= Guide to Operatic Roles and Arias |
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|last= Boldrey |
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|first= Richard |
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|year= 1994 |
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|publisher= Caldwell Publishing Company |
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|isbn= 978-18-7776-164-5}}</ref> |
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Cosmofon is a [[company]] managed by [[Cosmote]], leading mobile operator in [[Greece]] with the fastest growth in Europe. Cosmote commenced its work in 1998 and has significantly influenced the telecommunications [[market]] in Greece. Cosmofon has been awarded a 3G license. Following the completion of the 3G licensing tender held by the Agency of Electronic Communication (AEC) |
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In general mezzos are broken down into three categories: '''Coloratura mezzo-sopranos''', '''Lyric mezzo-soprano''', and '''Dramatic mezzo-sopranos'''. |
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== External links == |
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* [http://cosmofon.mk/ Cosmofon website] |
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[[Category:Mobile phone companies of Macedonia]] |
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{{Mobile network operators in the Republic of Macedonia}} |
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==Lyric mezzo-soprano== |
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The '''Lyric mezzo-soprano''' has a range from approximately the G below middle C to the B two octaves above middle C.<ref name=Appelman /> This voice has a very smooth, sensitive and at times lachrymose quality. Lyric mezzo-sopranos do not have the vocal agility of the coloratura mezzo-soprano or the size of the dramatic mezzo-soprano. The lyric mezzo-soprano is ideal for most trouser roles.<ref name=Boldrey /> |
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* To hear an example of a '''Lyric mezzo-soprano''' ([[Susan Graham]] as Dorabella in [[Mozart]]'s ''[[Cosi fan tutte]]'') click on this link: |
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:* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eNkI3wk-ylU Watch here] |
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==='''Lyric mezzo-soprano''' roles in opera and operettas<ref name=Boldrey />=== |
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{{col-begin}} |
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{{col-2}} |
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:* Annio, ''[[La clemenza di Tito]]'' ([[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]])-- [[trouser role]] |
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:* Arianna ''[[Arianna]]'' ([[Claudio Monteverdi]])@ |
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:* Carmen ''[[Carmen]]'' ([[Georges Bizet]])@ (Also Dramatic Mezzo-Soprano) |
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:* Charlotte, ''[[Werther]]'' ([[Jules Massenet|Massenet]])@ |
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:* Cherubino, ''[[The Marriage of Figaro]]'' ([[Mozart]])-- [[trouser role]] |
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:* The Composer ''[[Ariadne auf Naxos]]'' ([[Richard Strauss]])-- [[trouser role]] |
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:* Sorceress, ''[[Dido and Aeneas]]'' ([[Henry Purcell]]) |
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:* Dorabella, ''[[Cosi fan tutte]]'' ([[Mozart]])@ |
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:* Hänsel, ''[[Hänsel und Gretel (opera)|Hänsel und Gretel]]'' ([[Engelbert Humperdinck|Humperdinck]]) -- [[trouser role]] @ |
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:* Mignon, ''[[Mignon]]'' ([[Ambroise Thomas]])@ |
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:* Mother, ''[[Amahl and the Night Visitors]]'' ([[Gian Carlo Menotti|Menotti]]) |
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:* Nicklausse, ''[[Les contes d'Hoffmann]]'' ([[Jacques Offenbach|Offenbach]]) -- [[trouser role]] though he is the (female) Muse in disguise. |
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:* Octavian, ''[[Der Rosenkavalier]]'' ([[Richard Strauss]]) -- [[trouser role]] |
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:* Orlofsky (''[[Die Fledermaus]]'') ([[Johann Strauss]]) -- [[trouser role]] |
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:* Sesto, ''[[La clemenza di Tito]]'' ([[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]]) -- [[trouser role]] |
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:* Siebel, ''[[Faust]]'' ([[Charles Gounod]]) -- [[trouser role]] |
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:* Stephano, ''[[Romeo et Juliette]] ([[Charles Gounod]]) -- [[trouser role]] |
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:* Suzuki, ''[[Madama Butterfly]]'' |
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@-Denotes a lead role |
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==='''Lyric mezzo-soprano''' Singers=== |
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<!--Please do not add non-classical singers to this list. The term "Lyric mezzo-soprano" is used only in opera.--> |
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{{col-begin}} |
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{{col-2}} |
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:* [[Janet Baker]] |
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:* [[Agnes Baltsa]] |
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:* [[Sarah Connolly]] |
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:* [[Malena Ernman]] |
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:* [[Brigitte Fassbaender]] |
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:* [[Susan Graham]] |
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:* [[Magdalena Kožená]] |
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:* [[Lorraine Hunt Lieberson]] |
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:* [[Christa Ludwig]] |
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:* [[Nan Merriman]] |
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:* [[Frederica von Stade]] |
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:* [[Risë Stevens]] |
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:* [[Tatiana Troyanos]] |
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:* [[Anne Sofie von Otter]] |
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==Dramatic mezzo-soprano== |
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A '''dramatic mezzo-soprano''' has a strong medium register, a warm high register and a voice that is broader and more powerful than the lyric and coloratura mezzo-sopranos. This voice has less vocal facility than the coloratura mezzo-soprano. The range of the dramatic mezzo-soprano is from approximately the G below middle C to the B two octaves above middle C.<ref name=Appelman /> The dramatic mezzo-soprano can sing over an orchestra and chorus with ease and was often used in the 19th century opera, to portray older women, mothers, witches and evil characters. Verdi wrote many roles for this voice in the Italian repertoire and there are also a few good roles in the French Literature. The majority of these roles however are within the German Romantic repertoire of composers like [[Wagner]] and [[Strauss]]. Like Coloratura mezzos, dramatic mezzos are also often cast in lyric mezzo-soprano roles.<ref name=Boldrey /> |
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* To hear an example of a '''dramatic mezzo-soprano''' ([[Olga Borodina]] as Eboli in ''[[Don Carlos]]'') click on this link: |
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:* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SwSX3DG1l-o Watch here] |
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==='''Dramatic mezzo-soprano''' roles in opera and operettas<ref name=Boldrey />=== |
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{{col-begin}} |
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{{col-2}} |
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:* Azucena, ''[[Il trovatore]]'' ([[Verdi]]) |
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:* Amneris, ''[[Aida]]'' ([[Verdi]]) |
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:* Brangäne, ''[[Tristan und Isolde]]'' ([[Wagner]]) |
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:* Carmen, ''[[Carmen]]'' ([[Bizet]])@ (Also Lyric Mezzo) |
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:* The Countess, ''[[The Queen of Spades (opera)|The Queen of Spades]]'' ([[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky|Tchaikovsky]]) |
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:* Dalila, ''[[Samson et Dalila]]'' ([[Camille Saint-Saëns|Saint-Saëns]])@ |
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:* Dido, ''[[Les Troyens]]'' ([[Hector Berlioz|Berlioz]])@ |
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:* Eboli, ''[[Don Carlos]]'' ([[Verdi]]) |
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:* Herodias, ''[[Salome (opera)|Salome]]'' ([[Richard Strauss]]) |
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:* Hexe, ''[[Hänsel und Gretel (opera)]]'' ([[Engelbert Humperdinck|Humperdinck]]) |
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:* Judith, ''[[Bluebeard's Castle]]'' ([[Béla Bartók|Bartók]])@ (Also [[Dramatic Soprano]]) |
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:* Kundry, ''[[Parsifal]]'' ([[Wagner]])@ (also [[Dramatic soprano]]) |
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:* Klytemnästra , ''[[Elektra (opera)|Elektra]]'' ([[Richard Strauss]]) |
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:* Laura, ''[[La Gioconda (opera)|La Gioconda]]'' ([[Ponchielli]]) |
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:* Marina, ''[[Boris Godunov (opera)|Boris Godunov]]'' ([[Modest Mussorgsky|Mussorgsky]]) |
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:* Mother, ''[[Hänsel und Gretel (opera)]]'' ([[Engelbert Humperdinck|Humperdinck]]) |
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:* Ortrud, ''[[Lohengrin (opera)|Lohengrin]]'' ([[Richard Wagner|Wagner]]) |
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:* Princess de Bouillon, ''[[Adriana Lecouvreur]]'' ([[Francesco Cilea|Cilea]]) |
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@-denotes a lead role |
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==='''Dramatic mezzo-soprano''' Singers=== |
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<!--Please do not add non-classical singers to this list. The term "Dramatic mezzo-soprano" is used only in opera.--> |
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{{col-begin}} |
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{{col-2}} |
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:* [[Irina Arkhipova]] |
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:* [[Fedora Barbieri]] |
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:* [[Olga Borodina]] |
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:* [[Grace Bumbry]] |
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:* [[Fiorenza Cossotto]] |
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:* [[Maria Gay]] |
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:* [[Rita Gorr]] |
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:* [[Denyce Graves]] |
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:* [[Waltraud Meier]] |
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:* [[Elena Obraztsova]] |
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:* [[Regina Resnik]] |
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:* [[Giulietta Simionato]] |
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:* [[Ebe Stignani]] |
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:* [[Shirley Verrett]] |
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:* [[Dolora Zajick]] |
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==See also== |
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*[[Voice classification in non-classical music]] |
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*[[:Category:Mezzo-sopranos|Category of mezzo-sopranos]] |
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*[[Fach]] |
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*[[Voice type]] |
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==External links== |
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*[http://www.aria-database.com/ Aria database] |
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*[http://www.operamania.com/voices-mezzo.htm Mezzo-soprano voices with video examples] |
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==References== |
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<references/> |
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==Further reading== |
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{{refbegin}} |
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{{cite book |
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|title= Vocal Workouts for the Contemporary Singer |
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|last= Peckham |
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|first= Anne |
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|authorlink= Anne Peckham |
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|year= 2005 |
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|publisher= Berklee Press Publications |
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|isbn=13: 978-0876390474}} |
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{{cite book |
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|title= Choral Pedagogy |
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|last= Smith |
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|first= Brenda |
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|authorlink= Brenda Smith |
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|year= 2005 |
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|publisher= Plural Publishing, Inc |
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|isbn=13: 978-1597560436}} |
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[[Category:Singing]] |
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[[Category:Vocal ranges]] |
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[[Category:Opera terminology]] |
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[[Category:Italian loanwords]] |
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[[bg:Мецо-сопран]] |
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[[ca:Mezzosoprano]] |
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[[cs:Mezzosoprán]] |
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[[da:Mezzosopran]] |
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[[de:Mezzosopran]] |
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[[et:Metsosopran]] |
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[[es:Mezzosoprano]] |
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[[eo:Mezosoprano]] |
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[[fa:متزو سوپرانو]] |
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[[fr:Mezzo-soprano]] |
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[[it:Mezzosoprano]] |
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[[hu:Mezzoszoprán]] |
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[[ms:Mezzo-soprano]] |
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[[nl:Mezzosopraan]] |
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[[ja:メゾソプラノ]] |
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[[no:Mezzosopran]] |
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[[pl:Mezzosopran]] |
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[[pt:Mezzosoprano]] |
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[[ru:Меццо-сопрано]] |
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[[simple:Mezzo-soprano]] |
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[[sk:Mezzosoprán]] |
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[[sl:Mezzosopran]] |
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[[sh:Mezosoprani]] |
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[[fi:Mezzosopraano]] |
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[[sv:Mezzosopran]] |
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[[zh:次女高音]] |
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Revision as of 12:17, 10 October 2008
| File:Logo of Cosmofon.gif | |
| Company type | limited liability company |
|---|---|
| Industry | mobile telecommunications |
| Founded | 2003 |
| Headquarters | Skopje, Macedonia |
| Products | mobile telephony |
| Website | www.cosmofon.mk |
Founded in 2003, Cosmofon was the second GSM mobile phone operator in the Republic of Macedonia. The first call through the network of Cosmofon took place on May 16, 2003, and now it's network codes are 075 and 076.
Cosmofon commenced its commercial operation on June 12, 2003.
Cosmofon is a company owned 100% by the Cosmote Group, the leading telecommunications group in Greece and the largest integrated telecommunications operator in Southeastern Europe. The vision of OTE is to rank among the top telecommunications companies in Europe.
Cosmofon is a company managed by Cosmote, leading mobile operator in Greece with the fastest growth in Europe. Cosmote commenced its work in 1998 and has significantly influenced the telecommunications market in Greece. Cosmofon has been awarded a 3G license. Following the completion of the 3G licensing tender held by the Agency of Electronic Communication (AEC)
External links
| Current network operators | |
|---|---|
| Former network operators | |
