Philippine Army and Josiah Dent: Difference between pages
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'''Josiah Dent''' (1817 - 1899) was the third [[List of mayors of Washington, D.C.|president of the Board of Commissioners of the District of Columbia]], serving from 1879 to 1882. |
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{{Infobox Military Unit |
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|unit_name= Philippine Army<br>''Hukbong Katihan ng Pilipinas'' |
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|image= [[Image:Rparmy.gif]] |
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|caption= Philippine Army Emblem |
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|start_date= [[March 22]], [[1897]] – present |
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|country= [[Republic of the Philippines]] |
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|allegiance= |
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|branch= |
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|type= [[Army]] |
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|role= |
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|size= approximately 67,000 regular<br>approximately 120,000 reserve |
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|command_structure= [[Armed Forces of the Philippines]] |
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|garrison= [[Fort Bonifacio]], [[Taguig City]], [[Metro Manila]] |
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|garrison_label= |
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|equipment= |
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|equipment_label= |
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|nickname= |
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|motto= "At your service, across the land" |
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|core values= |
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|personnel= |
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|colors= |
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|colors_label= |
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|march= |
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|mascot= |
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|battles= [[Philippine Revolution]]<br>[[Spanish-American War]]<br>[[Philippine-American War]]<br>[[World War II]]<br>[[Korean War]] <br>[[Vietnam War]]<br>Anti-guerrilla operations in the Southern Philippines <br> |
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|anniversaries= March 22 |
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|decorations= |
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|battle_honours= |
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<!-- Commanders --> |
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|current_commander= [[Lieutenant General]] Victor Ibrado |
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|current_commander_label= Commander of the Philippine Army |
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|ceremonial_chief= |
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|ceremonial_chief_label= |
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|colonel_of_the_regiment= |
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|colonel_of_the_regiment_label= |
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|notable_commanders= }} |
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The '''Philippine Army''' (PA) is the ground arm of the [[Armed Forces of the Philippines]] (AFP). Its official name in [[Filipino language|Filipino]] is ''Hukbong Katihan ng Pilipinas''. As of 2008, General [[Hermogenes Esperon|Hermogenes Esperon Jr.]] served as Chief of Staff of the AFP.<ref name="adroth-ghq">{{cite web |url=http://www.adroth.ph/sites/startracker/views/list_view.php?a=ghq |title=ADROTH Project: Star Tracker |accessdate=2008-02-03 |format= |work= }}</ref> Lieutenant General Victor Ibrado replaced Lieutenant General [[Alexander Yano]], former commanding general of the Philippine Army, who took over from [[Hermogenes Esperon]] on [[May 12]], 2008. Ibrado is the former chief of the [[AFP Central Command|Armed Forces Central Command (Centcom)]], [[Visayas]].<ref>[http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/nation/view/20080506-134861/New-Army-chief-named Inquirer.net, New Army chief named]</ref> |
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== |
==Life== |
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The Philippine Army does not have a strong collective military tradition. In earlier times, [[Spain]] and the [[United States]] had been ruling the Philippine Islands. Neither allowed the Filipino troops to gain control of responsibility. |
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Dent was born in [[Charles County, Maryland]], in 1817. His father was an [[Episcopal Church in the United States of America|Episcopal]] priest who served in a [[Maryland]] regiment during the [[Revolutionary War]]. He became an attorney in the 1840s and set up a practice in [[St. Louis, Missouri]]. In the following decade, a [[cholera]] epidemic broke out in St. Louis, and Dent became a prominent relief worker and organizer. He remained in St. Louis until 1861, when the [[U.S. Civil War|Civil War]] began, at which time he moved to [[Washington, D.C.]] Dent never argued law in the D.C. courts, but had a thriving wartime practice as the custodian of absentee properties: because his strong sympathies for the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] were well known, Washington and District residents who joined the [[Confederate States of America|Confederacy]] would leave their property in his care to maintain and protect from government confiscation. |
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The foundation of the Philippine Army dates back to 1892, when [[Andrés Bonifacio]] founded the [[Katipunan]] organization, which aimed to prepare his band of Filipino patriots for armed revolt against Spanish colonial rule. The Katipunan first formed the nucleus of the Philippine Army. |
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After the Civil War, Dent became the president of the board of directors of [[Linthicum Institute]], an educational institution founded by a bequest of $50,000 in the will of Dent's father-in-law Edward M. Linthicum (a prominent socialite and philanthropist in [[Georgetown, Washington, D.C.|Georgetown]]). The institute was an alternative educational institution for young men who could not otherwise afford college. It became host over its existence to hundreds of male students, making Dent's reputation as a deeply committed educator. |
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Almost a year after the outbreak of hostilities between the Katipuneros and the [[Spanish Army]], the Philippine Revolutionary Government and its Army were born on [[March 22]], [[1897]] at Tejeros, San Francisco de Malabon in [[Cavite]]. [[Artemio Ricarte|General Artemio Ricarte]] was named Captain General of the Ejercito en la Republica de las Islas Filipinas or the revolutionary Philippine Army. This date marks the founding day of the modern day Philippine Army. |
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Dent was, in 1874, a member of the [[U.S. Congress|Congressionally]] mandated committee that recommended the disposal of the territorial government and the formulation of a three-member board of commissioners (one Democrat, one [[United States Republican Party|Republican]], and one nonaffiliated planning engineer) for the District of Columbia. In July 1878, [[President of the United States|President]] [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] appointed Dent as the Democratic commissioner on that board. |
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On [[June 12]], [[1898]], [[Emilio Aguinaldo]] declared Philippine Independence from Spain and formed the first Philippine Republic, in which he sat as its [[President of the Philippines|President]]. The [[Filipino people|Filipino]] troops were to enjoy only a brief respite from combat when American forces came in to establish rule in the islands by virtue of the [[Treaty of Paris]], which Spain co-signed with the United States on [[December 10]], [[1898]]. The treaty ceded the [[Philippines]], [[Puerto Rico]] and [[Guam]] to the United States. |
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Dent became president of the board in the following year, after the resignation of [[Seth Ledyard Phelps]], serving until July 1882. During his term as board president, Dent was noted for improving the relations between the capital city and the [[United States Treasury Department|U.S. Treasury]]. After his term as commissioner expired, Dent lived in Georgetown until 1889, when he married his second wife and moved to [[Berkeley Springs, West Virginia]] where he died in 1899. He is buried in Washington's [[Oak Hill Cemetery]]. |
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On [[February 4]], [[1899]], the [[Philippine-American War]] erupted due to Filipino political struggle against U.S. annexation of the Islands. The Filipinos fell from one position to another until they were forced to disband. Even after the official cessation of hostilities and as the Americans have established government in [[1901]], the Filipino revolutionaries continued their struggle for independence. Between that time until [[1935]], the revolutionary army lost many of its cohorts in sporadic engagements with U.S. troops, but never lost its cause. |
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==Sources== |
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With the establishment of the Philippine Commonwealth on [[1935-11-15]], [[President of the Philippines|President]] [[Manuel L. Quezon]] sought the services of General [[Douglas MacArthur]] to evolve a national defense plan. |
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* [http://209.85.165.104/search?q=cache:F29846rXHvYJ:archiver.rootsweb.com/th/read/DENT/2006-04/1144282905+%22Josiah+Dent%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=7&gl=us Josiah Dent's Obituary] - ''Washington Post'', October 30, 1899. |
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{{start box}} |
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The Philippine Commonwealth Army was created by Philippine Commonwealth Act Number 1, approved [[1935-12-21]]. With the threat of war with Japan imminent, on [[1941-07-26]], a new command in the Far East was created, known as the United States Army Forces Far East (USAFFE). On the same date, President of the United States [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]], issued Presidential Order (6 Fed. Reg. 3825) which called the Philippine Commonwealth Army into the service of the Armed Forces of the United States<ref name="COMMONWEALTH"> [http://www.archives.gov/st-louis/military-personnel/philippine-army-records.html| The National Archives; National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis: Philippine Army and Guerrilla Records]</ref>. With an annual appropriation of 16 million pesos, it trained new Filipino members in defending the nation and protecting its people. |
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{{succession box | |
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before= [[Seth Ledyard Phelps]]| |
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title= [[Mayor of Washington, D.C.|President of the D.C. Board of Commissioners]] | |
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years= 1879 — 1882 | |
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after= [[Joseph Rodman West]]}} |
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{{end box}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Dent, Josiah}} |
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The Presidential Order of July 26, 1941 did not order all the military forces of the Philippine government into the service of the United States Armed Forces. Only those units and personnel indicated in orders issued by a general officer of the United States Army were mobilized and made an integral part of the United States Army Forces Far East (USAFFE). Only those members of a unit who physically reported for duty were inducted. (Inductions were not automatic, nor were personnel inducted into the Army of the United States) <ref name="COMMONWEALTH"/>. |
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[[Category:1817 births]] |
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[[Category:1899 deaths]] |
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[[Category:Mayors of Washington, D.C.]] |
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{{WashingtonDC-stub}} |
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When [[World War II]] broke out in [[1941]], two regular and ten reserve divisions of the Philippine Army undertook the defense of the [[Philippines]]. These divisions were incorporated into the [[USAFFE|United States Army Forces in the Far East]] (USAFFE) under the command of General [[Douglas MacArthur]]. The equipment of these units included: [[Canon de 155mm GPF]]; [[Ordnance QF 18 pounder]]; [[2.95 inch QF Mountain gun]] [http://www.openlibrary.org/details/handbookof295inc00unitrich]; [[Stokes Mortar]]; [[Brandt mle 27/31]]; [[M2 Browning machine gun]]; [[M1917 Browning machine gun]]; [[M1919 Browning machine gun]]; [[M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle]]; [[M1917 Enfield rifle]]; [[M1903 Springfield rifle]]; [[Thompson submachine gun]]; and the [[M1911 pistol]]. |
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{{US-politician-stub}} |
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After the surrender of the Filipino and American forces in the Philippines in May 1942, independent guerrilla groups, composed of both civilian and military personnel, began to form throughout the Islands. Many of these groups worked under the control of General Douglas MacArthur's General Headquarters, Southwest Pacific Area. A recognized military force is defined as a force under a commander who has been appointed, designated or recognized by a general officer of the United States Army. |
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Service of the Philippine Commonwealth Army in the service of the United States Armed Forces terminated as of midnight, [[1947-06-30]], by authority of General Order #168, Army Forces Western Pacific<ref name="COMMONWEALTH"/>. |
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After the war, four military areas were activated to take the place of military districts. The Armed Forces was reorganized which gave birth to the four major services of the Armed Forces. |
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Headquarters National Defense Forces was renamed General Headquarters Armed Forces of the Philippines. |
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In the early fifties and the mid-sixties, the Philippine government extended a helping hand to war-torn countries as part of its commitment as member of the [[United Nations]]. The army spared five battalions which comprised the Philippine Expeditionary Forces to [[Korea]] (PEFTOK) to fulfill its pledge to uphold the struggle for democracy. The Philippine Civic Action Group to [[Vietnam]] (PhilCAGV) was sent to South Vietnam on a mission of peace, where army engineers helped build communities and army doctors and nurses provided medical services to the people. |
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Under the leadership of Brigadier General Leoncio S. Tan the Philippine Army established its separate headquarters on [[July 10]], [[1957]]. The onset of the sixties ushered an expansion of the army's roles, which include participation in the socio-economic programs of the country, among others. |
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To achieve greater flexibility and effectiveness, infantry divisions took the place of the military areas in the seventies. On [[September 21]], [[1972]], the [[Ferdinand Marcos|Martial Law era]] began. During the decade, military operations supported by civic action blocked the escalation of insurgency. |
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The onset of the eighties saw the birth of the Special Operations Team (SOT) strategy which is aimed to isolate the insurgents from the civilian population, and dismantle the communist political organizations, neutralizing and denying them control of barangays all over the country. |
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Aside from counterinsurgency campaigns, the SOT plays an additional role in national development. Together with local government officials, SOT identifies problems and helps provide assistance in areas that lack needed vital facilities and service like roads, bridges, schools, health and sanitation, livelihood, etc. Because of its effectiveness in quelling insurgency, this strategy is being adopted not only by the Army but by the entire Armed Forces of the Philippines. |
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== Major Equipment == |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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! Armored Vehicles |
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| {{UK}} [[FV101 Scorpion]] CVR(T) - 41 units received |
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| {{USA}} [[AIFV]] [[Infantry fighting vehicle|IFV]] - over 85 units received, including 6 armored recovery vehicle variants. |
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| {{USA}} [[M113]] [[Armoured personnel carrier|APC]] - Received over 100 units. At least one unit has been modified with the addition of a turret from a Scorpion CVR(T) to act as a fire support vehicle, while some vehicles have been provided with ACAV sets. |
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|- |
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| {{POR}} [[Chaimite]] [[Armoured personnel carrier|APC]] - 20 units received |
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|- |
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| {{UK}} [[GKN]] [[Simba (APC)|Simba]] [[Armoured personnel carrier|APC]]- 150 units received |
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|- |
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| {{UK}} [[FV104 Samaritan]] armored ambulance vehicle{{Fact|2008-05-14|date=May 2008}} |
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|-<!-- If we can't find numbers for this, we could merge it into Scorpion's cell --> |
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| {{UK}} [[Ferret armoured car|Ferret]] [[Armored car (military)|Armored Car]]{{Fact|2008-05-14|date=May 2008}}<!-- Steel Craft's MX-7 doesn't count since it isn't in service --> |
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|- |
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| {{USA}} [[V-100]]/V-150 Commando [[Armoured personnel carrier|APC]] - 165 units received |
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|- |
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! Utility Vehicles |
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|- |
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| {{USA}} [[M35 2-1/2 ton cargo truck]] |
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| {{JPN}} [[Mitsubishi Fuso]] FK Series |
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|- |
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| {{flagicon|South Korea}} [[South Korea]] [[Kia]] KM450 |
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|- |
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| {{USA}} [[M998 HMMWV]] |
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|- |
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| {{flagicon|Philippines}} [[Philippines]] Delta Mini Cruiser[http://www.sealandsafari.com/pages/Minicruiser_red.htm] |
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|- |
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| {{flagicon|Philippines}} [[Philippines]] CMC Cruiser |
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|- |
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| {{JPN}} [[Toyota]] Lite Ace |
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| {{JPN}} [[Suzuki]] Multi-cab |
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| {{UK}} [[Land Rover Defender]] |
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| {{USA}} [[M151 MUTT]] |
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|- |
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| {{USA}} [[Commercial Utility Cargo Vehicle|M880]] |
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|- |
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! Aircraft |
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|- |
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| {{USA}} [[Beechcraft Queen Air|Beechraft 80 Queen Air]] - 3 units received{{Fact|2008-04-08|date=April 2008}} |
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|- |
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| {{USA}} [[Cessna 421|Cessna 421 Golden Eagle]] - 2 units received{{Fact|2008-04-08|date=April 2008}} |
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|- |
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| {{USA}} [[Cessna 206|Cessna 206 Super Skylane]] - 2 units received{{Fact|2008-04-08|date=April 2008}} |
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|- |
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| {{USA}} [[Cessna 172|Cessna 172 Skyhawk]] - 1 units received{{Fact|2008-04-08|date=April 2008}} |
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|- |
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| {{ITA}} [[Polaris Motor srl microlight]] - 2 units received{{Fact|2008-04-08|date=April 2008}} |
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! Artillery |
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|- |
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| {{ISR}} [[Soltam]] [[Soltam M-68|M-68]] 155 mm medium gun [http://www.israeli-weapons.com/weapons/artillery/towed_guns/m-68/M-68.html] - 14 units received |
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|- |
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| {{USA}} [[M114 155 mm howitzer]] - 12 units received |
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|- |
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| {{USA}} [[M101 howitzer]] |
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|- |
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| {{USA}} [[M29 Mortar]] |
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|- |
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| {{USA}} [[M2 Mortar]] |
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|- |
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| {{USA}} [[M30 107 mm Mortar]] |
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|- |
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! Anti-tank weapons |
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|- |
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| {{USA}} [[M40 recoilless rifle]] |
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|- |
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| {{USA}} [[M67 recoilless rifle]] |
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|- |
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| {{USA}} [[M20 recoilless rifle]] |
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|- |
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| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Germany]] [[Armbrust]] |
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|- |
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! Light Infantry Weapons |
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|- |
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| {{USA}} [[M16 Rifle]]- Assault Rifle |
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|- |
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| {{USA}} [[M4 Carbine]]- Assault Carbine |
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|- |
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| {{USA}} [[M14 Rifle]]- Assault Rifle |
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|- |
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| {{USA}} [[CAR15]]- Assault Rifle |
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|- |
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| {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] [[Steyr AUG]] - Assault Rifle |
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|- |
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| {{ISR}} [[IMI Galil]] - Assault Rifle |
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|- |
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| {{USA}} [[M60]]- Light Machine Gun |
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|- |
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| {{flagicon|South Korea}} [[South Korea]] [[Daewoo K3]] - Light Machine Gun |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Singapore}} [[Ultimax 100]] - Light Machine Gun |
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|- |
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| {{ISR}} [[Uzi submachine gun]] |
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|- |
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| {{USA}} [[M249 SAW]] - Light Machine Gun |
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|- |
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| {{USA}} [[M21]]- Sniper Weapon |
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|- |
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| {{USA}} [[M203]]- Grenade Launcher |
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|- |
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| {{USA}} [[M79]]- Grenade Launcher |
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|- |
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| {{USA}} [[Barrett]] [[M82A1]] & [[M107]] - Long Range Interdiction Sniper Weapon |
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|- |
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| {{ITA}} [[Beretta 92]] - Pistol Weapon |
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|- |
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| {{USA}} [[M1911]] - Pistol Weapon |
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|- |
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| {{USA}} [[Remington 870]] - Shotgun |
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|- |
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|} |
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==Functions== |
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The functions of the Philippine Army are to: |
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*Organize, train and equip Army forces for the conduct of prompt and sustained combat operations on land; |
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*Prepare such units as may be necessary for the effective prosecution of national defense plans and programs and Armed Forces mission, including the expansion of the peacetime ARMY component to meet any emergency; |
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*Develop, in accordance with the other Major Services, tactics, techniques and equipment of interest to the Army on field operations; |
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*Train, organize and equip all ARMY reserve units; and |
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*Perform such functions as the higher authorities may direct. |
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==Regular Units== |
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The Philippine Army has several regular units dedicated to counter-insurgency and conventional army operations. |
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===Infantry=== |
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*[[1st Infantry (TABAK) Division|1st Infantry Division]] |
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*[[2nd Infantry (Jungle Fighter) Division|2nd Infantry Division]] |
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*3rd Infantry Division |
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*4th Infantry Division |
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*[[5th Infantry (STAR) Division|5th Infantry Division]] |
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*[[6th Infantry (Kampilan) Division|6th Infantry Division]] |
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*[[7th Infantry (Kaugnay) Division|7th Infantry Division]] |
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*8th Infantry Division |
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*[[9th Infantry (SPEAR) Division|9th Infantry Division]] |
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*10th Infantry Division |
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*11th Infantry Division |
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===Armor & Cavalry=== |
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*[[Light Armor Division]] |
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===Combat Support Units=== |
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* Army Engineering Brigade, PA |
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* Signal Group, PA |
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* Intelligence Security Group, PA |
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===Service Support Units=== |
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*[[Philippine Army Reserve Command]] |
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==Special Units== |
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The Philippine Army has a number of units dedicated to special operations. These units report directly to the [[Special Operations Command (Philippines)|Philippine Army Special Operations Command]] |
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* [[1st Scout Ranger Regiment]] |
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* [[1st Special Forces Regiment (Airborne)]] |
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* [[Light Reaction Battalion]] |
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===Gallery=== |
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<gallery> |
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Image:SF Soldier in Philippines.jpg |
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Image:1st Scout Ranger Regiment Parade.jpg |
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</gallery> |
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== References == |
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*[http://www.army.mil.ph/about_the_army/main.html About the Army] |
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<references/> |
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==See also== |
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* [[Philippine Navy]] |
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* [[Philippine Marine Corps]] |
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* [[Philippine Air Force]] |
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* [[Armed Forces of the Philippines]] |
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* [[Military history of the Philippines]] |
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==External links== |
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* [http://www.army.mil.ph Official Web Site] |
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* [http://www.hueybravo.net/Philippine%20Army%20Main.htm Philippine Army Order of Battle] |
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* [http://www.timawa.net Philippine Defense Forum] |
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[[Category:Military of the Philippines]] |
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[[Category:Philippine Army]] |
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[[Category:Department of National Defense (Philippines)]] |
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[[no:Den filippinske hæren]] |
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Revision as of 22:19, 10 October 2008
Josiah Dent (1817 - 1899) was the third president of the Board of Commissioners of the District of Columbia, serving from 1879 to 1882.
Life
Dent was born in Charles County, Maryland, in 1817. His father was an Episcopal priest who served in a Maryland regiment during the Revolutionary War. He became an attorney in the 1840s and set up a practice in St. Louis, Missouri. In the following decade, a cholera epidemic broke out in St. Louis, and Dent became a prominent relief worker and organizer. He remained in St. Louis until 1861, when the Civil War began, at which time he moved to Washington, D.C. Dent never argued law in the D.C. courts, but had a thriving wartime practice as the custodian of absentee properties: because his strong sympathies for the Democratic Party were well known, Washington and District residents who joined the Confederacy would leave their property in his care to maintain and protect from government confiscation.
After the Civil War, Dent became the president of the board of directors of Linthicum Institute, an educational institution founded by a bequest of $50,000 in the will of Dent's father-in-law Edward M. Linthicum (a prominent socialite and philanthropist in Georgetown). The institute was an alternative educational institution for young men who could not otherwise afford college. It became host over its existence to hundreds of male students, making Dent's reputation as a deeply committed educator.
Dent was, in 1874, a member of the Congressionally mandated committee that recommended the disposal of the territorial government and the formulation of a three-member board of commissioners (one Democrat, one Republican, and one nonaffiliated planning engineer) for the District of Columbia. In July 1878, President Rutherford B. Hayes appointed Dent as the Democratic commissioner on that board.
Dent became president of the board in the following year, after the resignation of Seth Ledyard Phelps, serving until July 1882. During his term as board president, Dent was noted for improving the relations between the capital city and the U.S. Treasury. After his term as commissioner expired, Dent lived in Georgetown until 1889, when he married his second wife and moved to Berkeley Springs, West Virginia where he died in 1899. He is buried in Washington's Oak Hill Cemetery.
Sources
- Josiah Dent's Obituary - Washington Post, October 30, 1899.
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