Click chemistry and User talk:78.145.32.58: Difference between pages

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October 2008

Welcome to Wikipedia. It might not have been your intention, but your recent edit removed content from Galmudug. When removing text, please specify a reason in the edit summary and discuss edits that are likely to be controversial on the article's talk page. If this was a mistake, don't worry; the text has been restored, as you can see from the page history. Take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia, and if you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. DiverseMentality^(Boo!) 00:19, 10 October 2008 (UTC)

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Galmudug

You may have some good points but at the same time you can't just remove large sections of the article as you did here. Notice that you blanked several referenced sections, the categories and the other Wiki links. This makes your edits appear similar to a vandals edits. Please don't remove sections like that again. Thanks. CambridgeBayWeather Have a gorilla 07:38, 10 October 2008 (UTC)

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-"Click chemistry" is a chemical philosophy introduced by [[K. Barry Sharpless]] in 2001 <ref>{{cite journal | author = H. C. Kolb, M. G. Finn and K. B. Sharpless | title = Click Chemistry: Diverse Chemical Function from a Few Good Reactions | year = 2001 | journal = [[Angewandte Chemie International Edition]] | volume = 40 | issue = 11 | pages = 2004–2021 | doi = 10.1002/1521-3773(20010601)40:11<2004::AID-ANIE2004>3.0.CO;2-5}} </ref> <ref>{{cite journal | author = R. A. Evans | title = The Rise of Azide–Alkyne 1,3-Dipolar 'Click' Cycloaddition and its Application to Polymer Science and Surface Modification | year = 2007 | journal = [[Australian Journal of Chemistry]] | volume = 60 | issue = 6 | pages = 384–395 | doi = 10.1071/CH06457}}</ref> and describes [[chemistry]] tailored to generate substances quickly and reliably by joining small units together. This is inspired by the fact that [[nature]] also generates substances by joining small modular units.
+== October 2008 ==
-One of the most popular reactions within the click chemistry philosophy is the [[Azide alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition]] using a Cu [[catalyst]] at [[room temperature]] discovered concurrently and independently by the groups of K. Barry Sharpless and Morten Meldal.  This was an improvement over the same reaction first popularized by Rolf Huisgen in the 1970s, albeit at elevated temperatures in the absence of water and without a Cu catalyst (it is explained fully in 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Chemistry, published by Wiley and updated in 2002.).
+[[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to Wikipedia. It might not have been your intention, but your recent edit removed content from {{#if:Galmudug|[[:Galmudug]]|Wikipedia}}. When removing text, please specify a reason in the [[Help:Edit summary|edit summary]] and discuss edits that are likely to be controversial on the article's [[Wikipedia:Talk page|talk page]]. If this was a mistake, don't worry; the text has been restored, as you can see from the [[Help:Page history|page history]]. Take a look at the [[Wikipedia:Welcome|welcome page]] to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia, and if you would like to experiment, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]].  {{#if:|{{{2}}}|Thank you.}}<!-- Template:uw-delete1 --> [[User:DiverseMentality|<font color="E9580C">'''DiverseMentality'''</font>]][[User_talk:DiverseMentality|<font color="262525"><sup>(Boo!)</sup></font>]] 00:19, 10 October 2008 (UTC)
+:''If this is a shared [[IP address]], and you didn't make the edit, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.''
-== Explanation ==
+==Galmudug==
+You may have some good points but at the same time you can't just remove large sections of the article as you did [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galmudug&diff=244263921&oldid=244260374 here]. Notice that you blanked several referenced sections, the categories and the other Wiki links. This makes your edits appear similar to a vandals edits. Please don't remove sections like that again. Thanks. [[User:CambridgeBayWeather|CambridgeBayWeather]] [[User_talk:CambridgeBayWeather|Have a gorilla]] 07:38, 10 October 2008 (UTC)
-In [[biochemistry]], [[protein]]s are made from repeating [[amino acid]] units and sugars are made from repeating [[monosaccharide]] units. The connecting units are based on carbon - [[hetero atom]] bonds C-X-C rather than carbon - carbon bonds. In addition, [[enzyme]]s ensure that chemical processes can overcome large [[enthalpy]] hurdles by division into a series of reactions each '''with a small energy step. Mimicking nature in organic synthesis of new pharmaceuticals is essential given the large number of possible''' structures.
-In 1996 Guida calculated the size of the pool of drug candidates at 10<sup>63</sub>, based on the presumption that a candidate consists of less than 30 non-hydrogen atoms, weighs less than 500 [[dalton (unit)|daltons]], is made up of atoms of [[hydrogen]], [[carbon]], [[nitrogen]], [[oxygen]], [[phosphorus]], [[sulfur]], [[chlorine]] and [[bromine]], and is stable at [[room temperature]] and stable towards oxygen and water <ref>W.C. Guida et al. Med. Res. Rev. p 3 1996</ref>.  Click chemistry in combination with [[combinatorial chemistry]], [[high-throughput screening]] and building [[chemical library|chemical libraries]] speeds up new drug discoveries by making each reaction in a [[multistep synthesis]] fast, efficient and predictable.
-Click chemistry encourages the following criteria:
-* application modular and wide in scope
-* obtains high [[chemical yield]]
-* generates inoffensive byproducts
-* is [[stereospecific]]
-* simple reaction conditions
-* has readily available starting materials and reagents
-* no [[solvent]] involved or a benign solvent (preferably water)
-* easy product isolation by [[crystallisation]] or [[distillation]] but not preparative [[chromatography]]
-* physiologically stable
-* large thermodynamic driving force > 84 [[kilojoule|kJ]]/[[mole (unit)|mol]] to favor a reaction with a single reaction product. A distinct exothermic reaction makes a reactant "spring loaded".
-* high [[atom economy]]
-Many of the criteria are subjective; and even if measurable and objective criteria could be agreed upon, it's unlikely that any reaction will be perfect for every situation and application.  However, several reactions have been identified which fit the bill better than others:
-* The [[Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition]], in particular the Cu(I)-catalyzed stepwise variant, is often referred to simply as the "click reaction". The Cu(I)-catalyzed variant <ref>
-{{cite journal | author = Tornoe, C. W.; Christensen, C.; Meldal, M. | title =  Peptidotriazoles on Solid Phase: [1,2,3]-Triazoles by Regiospecific Copper(I)-Catalyzed 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions of Terminal Alkynes to Azides   | year = 2002 | journal = [[Journal of Organic Chemistry]] | volume = 67 | issue = 9 | pages = 3057–3064 | doi = 10.1021/JO011148J}}
-</ref> was first reported by Morten Meldal and co-workers from Carlsberg Laboratory, Denmark for the synthesis of peptidotriazoles on solid support. Fokin and Sharpless independently described it as a reliable catalytic process offering "an unprecedented level of selectivity, reliability, and scope for those organic synthesis endeavors which depend on the creation of covalent links between diverse building blocks", firmly placing it among the most reliable processes fitting the click criteria.
-* Other [[cycloaddition]]s such as the [[Diels-Alder reaction]]
-* [[nucleophilic substitution]] especially to small [[strain (chemistry)|strained]] rings like [[epoxy]] and [[aziridine]] compounds
-* carbonyl-chemistry-like formation of [[urea]]s  but not reactions of the [[aldol reaction|aldol]] type due to low thermodynamic driving force.
-* [[addition reaction]]s to carbon-carbon [[double bond]]s like  [[dihydroxylation]].
-== References ==
-{{Reflist}}
-==External links==
-* [http://www.scripps.edu/chem/sharpless/currentresearch.html] Professor Karl Barry Sharpless's Research Website including comprehensive list of click chemistry papers.
-* [http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/Area_of_Interest/Chemistry/Chemical_Synthesis/Product_Highlights/Click.html] Sigma Aldrich Co.'s Click Chemistry website/store.
-* [http://www.accessscience.com/content.aspx?id=802850] McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.'s webpage on Click Chemistry
-* [http://clickchemicals.com] Click Chemicals.  A new site all about click chemistry featuring in depth discussion, faq's and links to key papers.
-* [http://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=110681&org=NSF&from=newsField] National Science Foundation: Feature "Going Live with Click Chemistry."
-* [http://pubs.acs.org/cen/coverstory/8006/8006clickchemistry.html] Chemical and Engineering News: Feature "In-Situ Click Chemistry."
-* [http://pubs.acs.org/cen/news/85/i43/8543notw8.html] Chemical and Engineering News: Feature "Copper-free Click Chemistry"
-{{BranchesofChemistry}}
-[[Category:organic chemistry]]
-[[da:Click chemistry]]
-[[de:Click-Chemie]]
-[[ja:クリックケミストリー]]