Galmudug

Galmudug
Official language	Somali and English
Capital	Gaalkacyo
Form of government	Autonomy in the Republic of Somalia ( de facto )
Head of state , also head of government	Abdi Hasan Awale Qeybdiid
surface	100,000 km²
population	~ 1,000,000 (2007) (*)
Population density	10 inhabitants per km²
currency	Somalia Shilling (SOS)
independence	declared on August 14, 2006 not internationally recognized
Time zone	EAT ( UTC +3)
License Plate	SO
Internet TLD	.so
Telephone code	+252 (Somalia)
"State territory" of Galmudug in early 2008

Galmudug is a de facto regime in the Horn of Africa within the Federal Republic of Somalia . It sees itself as an autonomous federal state of Somalia and takes part in political life at the federal level.

location

Recent developments in the Somali civil war make it unclear which areas are under Galmudug's government. The center of Galmudug is the southern half of the city and district of Gaalkacyo in the administrative region of Mudug . Galmudug also includes other areas in the Mudug and Galguduud regions . In the north, Galmudug borders on Puntland , in the west on Ethiopia , in the south on Himan and Heeb State and in the east on the Indian Ocean .

Map of the political situation in Somalia.

The name Galmudug is made up of Gal guduud and Mudug .

history

Clan elders of the Sacad, a subclan of Habar Gidir- Hawiye , made the decision to declare independence and autonomy on August 14, 2006. Abdi Qeybdiid was appointed head of the armed forces ( Galmudug Defense Force ) and Mohammed Warsame Ali was appointed president.

From the south, Galmudug was harassed by the Union of Islamic Courts in October and November 2006 and fighting broke out over Abudwak and Bandiradley . With the support of Puntland and units from neighboring Ethiopia , Galmudug was finally able to push back the Islamists. On November 10, 2006, Galmudug asked the also internationally not recognized Puntland to withdraw troops from the Galmudug area.

In the fall of 2010, Johnny Carson, Undersecretary of State responsible for Africa in the US State Department , announced that the US wanted to support “local governments, clans and subclans” in central Somalia in the future. Political observers of the situation are thinking primarily of Galmudug.

In February 2011, the governments of Galmudug and Puntland decided to cooperate in future on security, economic and social issues. However, the cooperation between the two historically often conflicting regions is not going smoothly - for example, in the summer of 2013, the Puntland governor of Mudug complained that criminals were committing crimes in the northern part of the border town of Gaalkacyo , which is controlled by Puntland, and then fleeing to the Galmudugian part of the city where they would not be fought.

On August 1, 2012, the 25-member parliament of Galmudug elected General Abdi Hasan Awale Qeybdiid as the new president of the autonomous state. He received 20 votes, his opponent Abdisamad Nur Guled only one. Qeybdiid promised to improve the security situation and relations with the neighboring regions and the federal institutions. The previous president announced that he would not recognize the election and said that his stay abroad had been used for medical reasons.

In recent years Galmudug has tried to be recognized by the federal government of Somalia as an autonomous state. Article 49 of the new Somali Constitution states that two or more regions can merge into a state. However, this refers to the administrative regions of Somalia last defined in 1974 . However, since Galmudug does not fully control the Mudug and Galguduud regions, the federal government has so far refused recognition. In July 2014, representatives of Galmudug agreed with the Himan and Heeb State and the Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a militia, both of which also control parts of Galguduud, to form a joint state. The project was formalized on July 31 in Mogadishu in the presence of representatives of the UN, EU, African Union and the President and Prime Minister of Somalia. The new state is to be prepared by a committee and should originally include the two complete regions of Mudug and Galguduud. In response to this action, Puntland severed all relations with the central government of Somalia. The formation of the new state ignores Puntland's claims to the north mudug and contradicts several articles of the constitution. In October, Puntland and the federal government reached an agreement that the north of Mudug would not become part of the new state.

Since April 2015, six committees have been in office to oversee the establishment of the state. At the same time a conference began in Adado, at which delegates are to elect a regional president. As the Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud announced, Dhuusamarreeb is to become the capital of the state.

The unification process did not go without obstacles, so parts of the Sufi militia Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a (ASWJ) rejected it and announced that the signatory of the militia could not represent them at all. From October to December 2014, these parts of ASWJ controlled the city of Guriel and engaged in gun battles with the Somali army. In June 2015, the group even took the designated capital of the new state, Dhuusamarreeb. On July 4, 2015, Abdikarim Hussein Guled was elected President of the state of Galmudug, which, according to its provisional constitution, now comprises the entire two regions of Galgadud and Mudug (including the former territories of Himan & Heeb and Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a ). ASWJ declared Mohamed Shakur Ali Hassan president of their counter-government three days earlier.

In December 2017, the Galmudug government and the top of ASWJ signed an agreement on power-sharing and the participation of ASWJ leader Sheikh Mohamed Shakir in the government. The armed members of the ASWJ are to be integrated into the Somali army.

See also

• Somali civil war
• Puntland
• Somaliland
• Republic of Jubaland / Southwest Somalia

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Knut Mellenthin: Divide and rule , in: Junge Welt , September 28, 2010.
2. ↑ Somalia: An Agreement Jointly Signed by Puntland and Galmudug. (No longer available online.) In: horseedmedia.net. February 19, 2011, archived from the original on August 22, 2014 ; accessed on August 20, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
3. ↑ Somalia: "Galmudug Don't Cooperate With Puntland to Combat Crimes in Galkayo" - Puntland's Mudug Governor. In: AllAfrica.com. July 31, 2013, accessed August 20, 2014 . 
4. ↑ Qeybdid sworn in as president Galmudug. In: bar-kulan.com. August 15, 2012, accessed August 20, 2014 . 
5. ^ Provisional Constitution. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on April 2, 2015 ; accessed on August 20, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
6. ^ Somali Prime Minister welcomes agreement to form new administration in central Somalia. In: horseedmedia.net. July 31, 2014, accessed August 20, 2014 . 
7. ^ Mohammed Yusuf: Somalia: Puntland Cuts Ties With Somalia Over Formation of New State. In: AllAfrica.com. August 12, 2014, accessed August 20, 2014 . 
8. ↑ Somalia: Puntland clinches deal with Federal Govt. In: garoweonline.com. October 14, 2014, accessed May 2, 2015 . 
9. ^ President Hassan Announces Administrative Capital of Upcoming Somali Central State. April 8, 2015, accessed May 2, 2015 . 
10. ^ Somalia report of the Monitoring Group on Somalia and Eritrea. (pdf) Annex 1.1: Formation of Interim Galmudug Administration. United Nations, October 19, 2015, pp. 52–58 , accessed March 26, 2018 . 
11. ↑ Can Somalia Seal the Galmudug-ASWJ Peace Deal? In: somalianewsroom.com. January 20, 2018, accessed March 26, 2018 .