State of the dervishes

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Dawladda Darwiish (Somali)
State of the dervishes
1896-1920
Dervish flag.svg
Official language Somali , Arabic
Capital Taleh
Form of government Sayyidat
Government system Military dictatorship
Head of state , also head of government Sayyid of Dervish
Mohammed Abdullah Hassan
Ismail Mire
currency cattle
founding 1896
resolution 1920
Time zone UTC +3
Horn1915ad fin.png

The state of the dervishes ( English Dervish state , Somali Daraawiish ) was a Dhulbahante state, which was founded in 1896 by Ismail Mire and Mohammed Abdullah Hassan. This religious and nationalist leader recruited soldiers from various Somali clans in the Horn of Africa to form a loyal army. With this army, Hassan managed to build a strong state and conquer territories claimed by Somali sultans, Ethiopians and European colonial powers, especially the British, Italians and French. In the western world, the dervish state gained in importance by successfully defending itself against four British military expeditions and forcing the British army to retreat to the coastal areas. Several countries recognized the dervish state as an independent state and the country was an ally of the Ottoman Empire and the German Empire.

Taleh: the first air strike in African history

literature

  • Abdullah A. Mohamoud: 4.3 Dervishes and Militant Public Pursuit (1892-1920) . In: State collapse and post-conflict development in Africa. The case of Somalia (1960-2001) . Purdue University Press, West Lafayette, Ind. 2006, ISBN 1-55753-413-6 , pp. 70-72 ( books.google.de ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.historynet.com/hunt-mad-mullah.htm
  2. ^ The 'Mad Mullah' and Northern Somalia, Robert L. Hess, The Journal of African History, Vol. 5, no. 3, (1964), pp. 415-433
  3. ↑ https://www.garoweonline.com/so/news/somalia/xayndaabka-gumeytihii-uu-dhex-dhigey-qabaailada-soomaaliya-caalamku-ma-ictiraafsan-yahay
Somali states / regimes
(Predecessor and successor or collapsing states or regimes and their political system)


Colonial times

Majeerteen sultanate flag.jpgMajerteen Sultanate (1600–1924) | State of the dervishes (1896–1920, independence movement / militia) | German colonial efforts (1885–1890, protection treaties) | Italian Somaliland (from 1888 protectorate under civil administration by colonial societies, from 1905 colony) | Oltre Giuba (1924–1926), independent colony until it was incorporated into Ital.-Somaliland) | Italian East Africa (1936–1941 contained Somalia as a sub-area, from 1940 including conquered British Somaliland) | British Somaliland ( administered from British India from 1884, under the Foreign Office from 1903, 1905–1940 and from 1941 Colonial Office) Dervish flag.svg Flag of the German East Africa Company.svg Flag of Italy (1861-1946) .svg Flag of Italy (1861-1946) .svg Flag of Italy (1861-1946) .svg Flag of the United Kingdom.svgFlag of British Somaliland (1903–1950) .svg
After the Second World War

State Ensign of Italy.svgFlag of the United Nations.svg Somalia Trust Territory (1947–1960) | British Somaliland (1941–1960, colony) | Somaliland State (June 26, 1960 - July 1, 1960, transitional state) Flag of British Somaliland (1950–1952) .svg Flag of Somalia.svg
From independence
to civil war

SomaliaSomalia Republic of Somalia (July 1960 - October 1969, democratic presidential system) Democratic Republic of Somalia (October 1969 - January 1991, socialist one-party state, dictatorship under Siad Barre)
SomaliaSomalia

Civil war period,
collapse of the central state
(claims to recognition)
as a split-off state

Flag of Somaliland.svg Republic of Somaliland (since 1991, presidential system)

as part of Somalia

Flag of Awdalland.svg Awdalland (1995) and Awdal State of Somalia (2009) | Azania State of Somalia (2011-2013) | Galmudug State of Somalia (since 2006) | Hiiraan State of Somalia (2010-2015) | Himan and Heeb State of Somalia (2010–2015) | Jubaland (1998-2001) and Jubaland State of Somalia (since 2013) | Khatumo State of Somalia (since 2012) | Maakhir State of Somalia (2007–2009) | Ras Aseyr State of Somalia (since 2011) | Saylac & Lughaya State of Somalia (2011) | Shabelle State of Somalia (since 2014) | South West Somalia (1995–2004) and South West State (since 2014) | Puntland (since 1998) Flag of Azania.svg Flag of Galmudug (2013-2016) .svg Flag of Himan and Heeb.svg Flag of Jubaland.svg Jubaland flag.jpg Flag of Khaatumo State of Somalia.svg Flag of Maakhir.svg Saylac & LughayaStateFlag.jpg Flag of Southwestern Somalia.svg PuntlandPuntland

as successor government
over total Somalia

Flag of the Islamic Courts Union.svg Union of Islamic Courts (2000–2007, Critarchy) | Alliance for the Liberation of Somalia (2006–2009, Central Committee) | Islamic Emirate of Somalia (since 2008, al-Shabaab militia) and with international recognition: National Transitional Government (2000–2004) | Federal Transitional Government (2004–2012) ShababAdmin.svg SomaliaSomalia SomaliaSomalia

New constitution from 2012

not involved in the state

SomalilandSomaliland Somaliland (recognized federal state, but does not consider itself to be part of Somalia) Khatumo (not recognized as a federal state)
Flag of Khaatumo State of Somalia.svg

Central government

SomaliaSomalia Federal Republic of Somalia (parliamentary democracy)