Republic of Somalia

Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliyeed (Somali) جمهورية الصومال (Arabic) Repubblica Somala (Italian) Somali Republic (English)
Jumhūriyyat as-Sūmāl (Arabic)
Republic of Somalia
1960-1969
flag coat of arms
Official language	Italian , English
Capital	Mogadishu
Form of government	republic
Government system	Presidential political system
Head of state	president Aden Abdullah Osman Daar (1960–1967) Abdirashid Ali Shermarke (1967–1969) Mukhtar Mohamed Hussein (1969)
Head of government	prime minister Aden Abdullah Osman Daar (1960, 1967–1969) Abdirashid Ali Shermarke (1960–1964) Abdirizak Haji Hussein (1964–1967)
surface	637,657 km²
population	2.3 million (1961, estimate)
currency	East Africa Shilling (until 1969) Somalo (until 1962) Somalia shilling
founding	July 1, 1960 independence
resolution	October 1, 1969 by coup
National anthem	Composition (without text or title) by Giuseppe Blanc

Republic of Somalia ( Somali : Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliyeed, Italian Repubblica Somala , Arabic جمهورية الصومال, DMG Dschumhūriyyat as-Sūmāl ) was the official name of Somalia from July 1, 1960 to November 1, 1969 . The Republic of Somalia was the name of the independent Somalia when it was founded, after the Italian Trust Territory was released into independence and unified with Somaliland, which had emerged from British Somaliland a few days earlier .

history

The first government was formed by Aden Abdullah Osman Daar and Abdullahi Issa Mahamud , who until then had been Prime Minister of the UN Trust Area, together with other members of the former administrations of the Trust Area or the British Protectorate. Haji Bashir Ismail Yusuf , a prominent member and spokesman for the Somali Youth League, assumed the office of President of the National Assembly under President Aden Abdullah Osman Daar as the head of state of the new republic.

National integration proved difficult. In addition to the very different structures and languages ​​in the former colonies, the clans in the north saw themselves at a disadvantage compared to the more developed south. In the referendum on the new constitution in 1961, the first joint free vote, the South voted in favor of the document with a large majority, while the approval rate in the North was below 50%. In addition, the successful independence movement led to a strong nationalist enthusiasm, which increasingly unsettled the neighboring states of Kenya and Ethiopia , on whose areas with Somali populations the young republic immediately made a claim to form a Greater Somalia .

On October 15, 1969, the incumbent President Abdirashid Ali Shermarke was shot dead by one of his bodyguards while visiting the city of Las Anod in the north of the country. The assassination was followed by a bloodless coup on October 21, 1969 by the army under the leadership of Major General Mohamed Siad Barre . The Somali Democratic Republic was proclaimed and, from November 1st, it was led by the Supreme Revolutionary Council (SRC), a revolutionary council chaired by Siad Barre as head of state with practically unlimited powers.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ US Department of Commerce (Ed.): World Population 1979 . 1980 ( full text in the Google book search).
2. ^ La Fosse Wiles, Peter John de: The New Communist Third World: An Essay in Political Economy . Taylor & Francis , 1982, ISBN 0709927096 , p. 1590.