Software quality assurance and Pornography addiction: Difference between pages

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'''Pornography addiction''' is a form of [[sexual addiction]] described by its proponents as a condition characterized by the overuse or abuse of [[pornography]].<ref name=Downs>{{cite web |last=Downs |first=Martin F. |coauthors=Louise Chang, MD (reviewer) |title=Is Pornography Addictive? Psychologists debate whether people can have an addiction to pornography. |publisher=[[WebMD]] |url=http://men.webmd.com/guide/is-pornography-addictive |date=August 30, 2005 |accessdate=2007-03-22}}</ref>
'''Software quality assurance''' ('''SQA''') consists of a means of monitoring the [[software engineering]] processes and methods used to ensure quality. It does this by means of [[audit]]s of the [[quality management system]] under which the software system is created. These audits are backed by one or more standards, usually [[ISO 9000]] or [[CMMI]].
{{Software development process}}


== Overview ==
== General definition ==
Pornography addiction can be defined as a [[psychological addiction]] to, or [[Dependence (behavioral medicine)|dependence]] upon, [[pornography]], theoretically characterized by obsessive viewing, reading, and thinking about pornography and sexual themes to the detriment of other areas of one's own life.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tangomag.com/20084255/porn-package.html|title=Porn: When It Helps & When It Hurts|first=Wendy Maltz|quote=“For some people, porn can be a serious problem that devastates their lives,” explains Wendy Maltz, a sex therapist in Eugene, OR, and the co-author (with her husband Larry) of The Porn Trap: The Essential Guide to Overcoming Problems Caused by Pornography. “Eight to fifteen percent of people [who use porn] have extremely serious sexual problems,” she says.| accessdate=2008-10-08}}</ref>
Software quality assurance is distinct from [[software quality control]] which includes reviewing [[requirement]]s documents, and [[software testing]]. SQA encompasses the entire [[software development]] process, which includes processes such as [[software design]], [[coding]], [[Revision control|source code control]], [[code review]]s, [[change management]], [[configuration management]], and [[Release Management|release management]]. Whereas software quality control is a control of products, software quality assurance is a control of processes.


== Pornography addiction according to Irons and Schneider ==
Software quality assurance is related to the practice of [[quality assurance]] in product [[manufacturing]]. There are, however, some notable differences between software and a manufactured product. These differences stem from the fact that the manufactured product is physical and can be seen whereas the software product is not visible. Therefore its function, benefit and costs are not as easily measured. What's more, when a manufactured product rolls off the assembly line, it is essentially a complete, finished product, whereas software is never finished.{{Fact|date=June 2008}} Software lives, grows, evolves, and metamorphoses, unlike its tangible counterparts. Therefore, the processes and methods to manage, monitor, and measure its ongoing quality are as fluid and sometimes elusive as are the defects that they are meant to keep in check.
Formal criteria have been suggested by psychologists like Richard Irons, M. D. and Jennifer P. Schneider along lines strictly analogous to the [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders|DSM]] criteria for alcohol and other substance addictions.<ref>See http://www.jenniferschneider.com/articles/diagnos.html this article] (online copy of Richard Irons, M. D. and Jennifer P. Schneider, M.D., Ph. D "Differential Diagnosis of Addictive Sexual Disorders Using the DSM-IV." In ''Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity'' 1996, Volume 3, pp 7-21, 1996)</ref> This article cites Goodman (1990), who compared the DSM criteria lists for various addictive disorders and derived these general characteristics:
* Recurrent failure to resist impulses to engage in a specified behavior
* Increasing sense of tension immediately prior to initiating the behavior
* Pleasure or relief at the time of engaging in the behavior
* At least five of the following:
** Frequent preoccupation with the behavior or with activity that is preparatory to the behavior
**Frequent engaging in the behavior to a greater extent or over a longer period than intended
** Repeated efforts to reduce, control, or stop the behavior
** A great deal of time spent in activities necessary for the behavior, engaging in the behavior, or recovering from its effects
** Frequent engaging in the behavior when expected to fulfill occupational, academic, domestic or social obligations
** Important social, occupational, or recreational activities given up or reduced because of the behavior
** Continuation of the behavior despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent social, financial, psychological, or physical problem that is caused or exacerbated by the behavior
** Tolerance: need to increase the intensity or frequency of the behavior in order to achieve the desired effect, or diminished effect with continued behavior of the same intensity
** Restlessness or irritability if unable to engage in the behavior
*Some symptoms of the disturbance have persisted for at least one month, or have occurred repeatedly over a longer period of time


== Stages in Pornography addiction ==
== SQA Methodology ==
Experts like Stephen Andert write that, for many people pornography is a problem, and it can take control of a person's life like alcohol, gambling or drugs, and "drag them kicking and screaming or voluntarily into the gutter". They further write that the addictive and progressive ( or regressive ) nature of pornography is well documented.<ref>{{cite book|last= Andert|first=Stephen|coauthors= Donald K. Burleson|title=Web Stalkers|publisher=Rampant TechPress|date=2005|pages=pp.160-161}}</ref>
Software testing is as much an art as a science. In large, complex applications, such as operating systems, it is practically impossible to iron out every single bug before releasing it both from a difficulty point of view and due to time constraints. Different software applications require different approaches when it comes to testing, but some of the most common tasks in software QA include:


Psychologists and Sex therapists like Dr.[[Kimberly Young]], Dr.[[Victor Cline]], both specializing in addiction therapy have indicate the following stages in Pornography addiction,<ref name="reid">
* PPQA audits: Process and Product Qualty Assurance is the activity of ensuring that the process and work product conform to the agreed upon process.
{{cite book
The following quality control activities are often confused as quality assurance activities:
| author = Rory C. Reid
* Peer Reviews: Peer reviews of a project's work products are the most efficient defect removal (quality control) activity.
| coauthors = Dan Gray
* Validation testing: Validation testing is the act of entering data that the tester knows to be erroneous into an application. For instance, typing "Hello" into an edit box that is expecting to receive a numeric entry.
| title = Confronting Your Spouse's Pornography Problem
* Data comparison: Comparing the output of an application with specific parameters to a previously created set of data with the same parameters that is known to be accurate.
| chapter = Assessing a Problem: Pornography Questionnaire
* Stress testing: A stress test is when the software is used as heavily as possible for a period of time to see whether it copes with high levels of load. Often used for server software that will have multiple users connected to it simultaneously. Also known as Destruction testing.
| pages = pp.167-8
* Usability testing: Sometimes getting users who are unfamiliar with the software to try it for a while and offer feedback to the developers about what they found difficult to do is the best way of making improvements to a user interface.
| publisher = Silverleaf Press
| year = 2006
| isbn = 9781933317434}}
</ref><ref>{{Citation
| last = Cline
| first = Dr.Victor B.
| author-link = Victor Cline
| title = Treatment and Healing of Sexual and Pornographic Addictions
| url = http://www.obscenitycrimes.org/vbctreat.cfm
}}</ref><ref name="clineart">{{Citation
| last = Cline
| first = Dr.Victor B.
| author-link = Victor Cline
| title = Pornography's Effects on Adults and Children
| url = http://www.obscenitycrimes.org/clineart.cfm
}}</ref>


# '''''Discovery''''' — The thrill or arousal associated with the material is encountered during this stage. This can happen accidentally or through curiosity. This stage usually refers to initial exposure rather than exposure over a prolonged period of time. There can be a rush because the event represents entering an area that is taboo, forbidden, or simply sensually arousing.<ref name="reid"/>
==Advantages of SQA ==
#'''''Experimentation/Exploration''''' — This stage is characterized by various cognitive distortions as the person rationalizes exploring or experimenting with the material:"It's just harmless fun" or "This isn't hurting anyone". [[Masturbation]] usually accompanies this stage, powerfully reinforcing the experience.<ref name="reid"/><ref>
An SQA plan can take a number of paths, testing for different capabilities and performing different analysis, depending on the demands of project, the users, and the software itself. But any rigorous SQA plan carried out scrupulously by seasoned QA professionals will confer certain benefits:
{{cite paper
| last = Cline
| first = Dr.Victor
| authorlink = Victor Cline
| title = Victor Cline, Ph.D. Witness Statement, Commission on Child Online Protection
| url = http://www.copacommission.org/meetings/hearing3/cline.test.pdf
| quote = In the case of pedophiles; the overwhelming majority, in my clinical experience use child pornography and/or create it to stimulate and whet their sexual appetites which they masturbate to then later use as a model for their own sexual acting out with children.[...]Other related studies by D.R. Evens and B.T. Jackson support his thesis. They found that deviant masturbatory fantasy very significantly effected the habit strength of the subject’s sexual deviation
}}</ref>
#'''''Desensitization''''' — As exploration and experimentation continue, desensitization takes place. In this stage, what was once shocking or atrocious is now considered normal or even mundane, thus setting the stage for escalation.<ref name="reid"/><ref name="clineart-desense">{{Citation
| last = Cline
| first = Dr.Victor B.
| author-link = Victor Cline
| title = Pornography's Effects on Adults and Children
| url = http://www.obscenitycrimes.org/clineart.cfm
| quote = The sexual activity depicted in the pornography (no matter how anti-social or deviant) became legitimized. There was an increasing sense that "everybody does it" and this gave them permission to also do it, even though the activity was possibly illegal and contrary to their previous moral beliefs and personal standards.
}}</ref>
#'''''Escalation''''' — During this stage, the material becomes rougher, kinkier, or more bizzare in order for the person to achieve the same level of arousal or rush.<ref name="reid"/><ref name="clineart-esc">{{Citation
| last = Cline
| first = Dr.Victor B.
| author-link = Victor Cline
| title = Pornography's Effects on Adults and Children
| url = http://www.obscenitycrimes.org/clineart.cfm
| quote = Being married or in a relationship with a willing sexual partner did not solve their problem. Their addiction and escalation were mainly due to the powerful sexual imagery in their minds, implanted there by the exposure to pornography.
}}</ref>
#'''''Performance''''' — Frequent exposure to the material introduces many sexual behaviors which a person may want to act out. This stage is characterized by a person mimicking behavior he has seen depicted in the pornography. In some cases, he may attempt to experiment and act out these behaviors with his spouse, or he may seek a partner outside the marriage.<ref name="reid"/<ref name="clineart-per">{{Citation
| last = Cline
| first = Dr.Victor B.
| author-link = Victor Cline
| title = Pornography's Effects on Adults and Children
| url = http://www.obscenitycrimes.org/clineart.cfm
| quote = ... an increasing tendency to act out sexually the behaviors viewed in the pornography, including compulsive promiscuity, exhibitionism, group sex, voyeurism, frequenting massage parlors, having sex with minor children, rape, and inflicting pain on themselves or a partner during sex. This behavior frequently grew into a sexual addiction which they found themselves locked into and unable to change or reverse .no matter what the negative consequences were in their life.
}}</ref>


According to Psychologists these stages are not always sequential and its is possible that and individual can experience some of the stages and not others.<ref name="reid"/>
;Improved customer satisfaction : Improved customer satisfaction means longer, more profitable customer relationships, positive customer testimonials, and waves of referral business generated from positive word of mouth. If customers are dissatisfied with a product they have purchased from a particular software vendor, they're likely never to recommend that product nor buy from that software vendor again. Bugs and defects, in addition to seriously hampering an application's functionality, look sloppy and unprofessional, and reflect poorly on a company's reputation.


== Online pornography addiction ==
:What's more, without proper testing, it is virtually impossible to know how new users will respond to an application's functions, options, and usability features. Unbiased software quality assurance specialists come to a project fresh, with a clear outlook, and so serve as the first line of defense against unintuitive user interfaces and broken application functionality. A quality application is guaranteed to result in enhanced customer satisfaction.
Online pornography addiction involves pornography obtained via the [[Internet]]. Psychologists who support this concept argue that it is stronger, and more addictive, than ordinary pornography addiction because of its wide availability, explicit nature, and the privacy that online viewing offers. In order to satisfy their addiction, addicts are said to regularly spend extended periods of time searching the internet for new or increasingly hardcore pornography.<ref name="Downs"/> In recent ages the advent of [[shock sites]] often combine pornography and shock humor. Making it possible for online pornography addicts to pass off their addiction as simple humor.


===Use of content control and monitoring===
;Reduced cost of development : Because the process of software quality assurance is designed to prevent software defects and inefficiencies, projects that incorporate rigorous, objective testing will find that development costs are significantly reduced since all later stages of the development life cycle become streamlined and simplified. With SQA, all further testing and development including user testing and customer deployments will go more smoothly, and of course more quickly -- which means your software development project will consistently reach completion on time and within budget, release after release.
Some clinicians and support organizations recommend using voluntary [[Content-control software|content control mechanisms]] (also known as "Internet filters" and "censorware"), internet monitoring, or both as a tool in the treatment of purportedly excessive online pornography use.<ref name="cooper1999"
>{{cite journal | last=Cooper | first=Alvin | coauthors=Putnam, Dana E., Planchon, Lynn A., & Boies, Sylvain C. | year=1999 | title=Online Sexual Compulsivity: Getting Tangled in the Net | journal=Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity: The Journal of Treatment and Prevention | volume=6 | issue=2 | pages=79–104 | doi=10.1080/10720169908400182}}</ref
><ref name="delmonico1997"
>{{cite journal | author=Delmonico, D.L. | year=1997 | title=Cybersex: High Tech Sex Addiction | journal=Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity: The Journal of Treatment and Prevention | volume=4 | issue=2 | pages=159–167 | doi=10.1080/10720169708400139}}</ref
><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.aamft.org/families/Consumer_Updates/Sexual%20Addiction.asp | title=AAMFT Consumer Update - Sexual Addiction | accessdate=2007-06-10 | publisher=American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy}}</ref
><ref>{{cite journal | author=Corley, M. Deborah, Ph.D. | year=2002 | month=Winter | title=Cybersex Addiction | journal=Paradigm | pages=12, 22 | url=http://www.addictionrecov.org/paradigm/P_PR_W02/W02-composite.pdf| format=PDF}}</ref
><ref name="layden2005">{{cite journal | author=Layden, Mary Anne, Ph.D. | year=2005 | month=September | title=Cyber Sex Addiction | journal=Advances in Cognitive Therapy | pages=1–2, 4–5 | url=http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&ct=res&cd=2&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.academyofct.org%2FLibrary%2FInfoManage%2FGuide.asp%3FFolderID%3D295%26SessionID%3D&ei=ng-jRtv7PImCgATwws3KDQ&usg=AFQjCNEf86dfie8vIsUfNnNv8F0VGezocA&sig2=2XfdVuPQH5l5A5B3q9A69g | format=PDF}}</ref
><ref>{{cite web | url=http://healthymind.com/filters.pdf | title=Choosing an Internet Filter | accessdate=2007-06-10 | author=Bissette, David C., Psy.D. | year=2004 | month=February | format=PDF}}</ref
><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.recoverypath.ca/therapists_addicts_resources.php | title=Recovery Resources | accessdate=2007-06-10 | publisher=Recovery Path Counselling Services}}</ref><ref name="ChristiaNet.com">{{cite web | url=http://christiannews.christianet.com/1154951956.htm" | title=Evangelicals Are Addicted To Porn | accessdate=2007-06-06 | publisher=ChristiaNet.com}}</ref>


Sex researcher Alvin Cooper and colleagues suggested several reasons for using filters as a therapeutic measure, including curbing accessibility that facilitates problematic behavior and encouraging clients to develop coping and relapse prevention strategies.<ref name=cooper1999/> Cognitive therapist Mary Anne Layden suggested that filters may be useful in maintaining environmental control.<ref name=layden2005/> Internet behavior researcher David Delmonico noted that, despite their limitations, filters may serve as a "frontline of protection."<ref name=delmonico1997/>
;Reduced cost of maintenance : Bug-infested applications are troublesome to support. The combined cost of unnecessary recalls, returns, and patches can be frightful. And that says nothing of what will have to be spent on ongoing customer support, be it by telephone, email, or in person. All these costs and more can be dramatically reduced by releasing only rigorously quality-assured products. Software vendors that invest in quality now can avoid big losses in the future.


Filters that target pornography have been included in computer operating systems such as [[Linux]] and are sold as stand-alone applications and devices. Some Internet service providers such as [[Integrity Online]] and [[OpenDNS]] provide content control as a network service.
==See also==
{{portal|Software Testing}}
* [[Software Assurance]]
* [[Software quality control]]


====Skeptics of Addiction====
== References ==
There is some dispute{{weasel word}} about whether pornography addiction actually exists, and if so, whether it has harmful effects. One popular argument against this form of addiction is that many people regularly watch pornography and still lead productive lives. Critics{{who}} argue that people who regularly view pornography are able to have normal relationships and are [[desensitization (psychology)|desensitized]] to less stimulating materials.{{cn}}
{{Unreferenced|date=June 2008}}


== Furter reading ==
== See also ==
* [[Anti-pornography movement]]
* [http://satc.gsfc.nasa.gov/assure/agbsec3.txt Software Quality Assurance] (Part I)
* [[Celibacy]]
* [[Brahmacharya]]
* [[Compulsive gambling]]
* [[Internet addiction disorder]]
* [[Philosophy of sex]]
* [[Sexual addiction]]
* [[Sexual ethics]]
* [[Tanha|Craving]]
* [[Porn creep]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}


==External links==
==External links==
* http://www.ThroughTheFlame.org - The free online support community for Porn Addiction.
{{Commons cat|Software quality assurance}}
* [http://sexed.org/cur.html People who feel victimized by porn: Let's give them sympathy, not a Congressional hearing] by sex therapist Marty Klein, Ph. D.
* [http://www.swebok.org/ch11.html#Ref2.1 Software Engineering Body of Knowledge Ch. 11 Sec. 2.1]
* [http://www.freespeechcoalition.com/dan_linz.htm Statement of Daniel Linz, Ph.D. on The Science Behind Pornography Addiction]
* [http://www.sqazone.net/ Software Quality Assurance Zone]
* http://www.pornaddicthubby.com/index.html Relationship Rescue for Wives and Girlfriends of Men with Internet Porn Addictions.
* [http://www.qaiworldwide.org/qai.html Quality Assurance Institute Worldwide]
* [http://www.clearhavencenter.com/addictions-research/sexual-addiction/porn-addiction/ Pornography Addiction Statistics] - A study of pornography addictions as evidenced in internet searches.
* http://www.icantstop.org/looking-at-porn.php - Programs, Groups, and Resources for people that can't stop looking at porn.


[[Category:Quality assurance]]
[[Category:Pseudoscience]]
[[Category:Software quality]]
[[Category:Fringe science]]
{{Soft-eng-stub}}


[[fr:Dépendance à la pornographie]]
[[he:הבטחת איכות תוכנה]]
[[ru:Зависимость от порнографии]]

Revision as of 03:48, 11 October 2008

Pornography addiction is a form of sexual addiction described by its proponents as a condition characterized by the overuse or abuse of pornography.[1]

General definition

Pornography addiction can be defined as a psychological addiction to, or dependence upon, pornography, theoretically characterized by obsessive viewing, reading, and thinking about pornography and sexual themes to the detriment of other areas of one's own life.[2]

Pornography addiction according to Irons and Schneider

Formal criteria have been suggested by psychologists like Richard Irons, M. D. and Jennifer P. Schneider along lines strictly analogous to the DSM criteria for alcohol and other substance addictions.[3] This article cites Goodman (1990), who compared the DSM criteria lists for various addictive disorders and derived these general characteristics:

  • Recurrent failure to resist impulses to engage in a specified behavior
  • Increasing sense of tension immediately prior to initiating the behavior
  • Pleasure or relief at the time of engaging in the behavior
  • At least five of the following:
    • Frequent preoccupation with the behavior or with activity that is preparatory to the behavior
    • Frequent engaging in the behavior to a greater extent or over a longer period than intended
    • Repeated efforts to reduce, control, or stop the behavior
    • A great deal of time spent in activities necessary for the behavior, engaging in the behavior, or recovering from its effects
    • Frequent engaging in the behavior when expected to fulfill occupational, academic, domestic or social obligations
    • Important social, occupational, or recreational activities given up or reduced because of the behavior
    • Continuation of the behavior despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent social, financial, psychological, or physical problem that is caused or exacerbated by the behavior
    • Tolerance: need to increase the intensity or frequency of the behavior in order to achieve the desired effect, or diminished effect with continued behavior of the same intensity
    • Restlessness or irritability if unable to engage in the behavior
  • Some symptoms of the disturbance have persisted for at least one month, or have occurred repeatedly over a longer period of time

Stages in Pornography addiction

Experts like Stephen Andert write that, for many people pornography is a problem, and it can take control of a person's life like alcohol, gambling or drugs, and "drag them kicking and screaming or voluntarily into the gutter". They further write that the addictive and progressive ( or regressive ) nature of pornography is well documented.[4]

Psychologists and Sex therapists like Dr.Kimberly Young, Dr.Victor Cline, both specializing in addiction therapy have indicate the following stages in Pornography addiction,[5][6][7]

  1. Discovery — The thrill or arousal associated with the material is encountered during this stage. This can happen accidentally or through curiosity. This stage usually refers to initial exposure rather than exposure over a prolonged period of time. There can be a rush because the event represents entering an area that is taboo, forbidden, or simply sensually arousing.[5]
  2. Experimentation/Exploration — This stage is characterized by various cognitive distortions as the person rationalizes exploring or experimenting with the material:"It's just harmless fun" or "This isn't hurting anyone". Masturbation usually accompanies this stage, powerfully reinforcing the experience.[5][8]
  3. Desensitization — As exploration and experimentation continue, desensitization takes place. In this stage, what was once shocking or atrocious is now considered normal or even mundane, thus setting the stage for escalation.[5][9]
  4. Escalation — During this stage, the material becomes rougher, kinkier, or more bizzare in order for the person to achieve the same level of arousal or rush.[5][10]
  5. Performance — Frequent exposure to the material introduces many sexual behaviors which a person may want to act out. This stage is characterized by a person mimicking behavior he has seen depicted in the pornography. In some cases, he may attempt to experiment and act out these behaviors with his spouse, or he may seek a partner outside the marriage.[11]

According to Psychologists these stages are not always sequential and its is possible that and individual can experience some of the stages and not others.[5]

Online pornography addiction

Online pornography addiction involves pornography obtained via the Internet. Psychologists who support this concept argue that it is stronger, and more addictive, than ordinary pornography addiction because of its wide availability, explicit nature, and the privacy that online viewing offers. In order to satisfy their addiction, addicts are said to regularly spend extended periods of time searching the internet for new or increasingly hardcore pornography.[1] In recent ages the advent of shock sites often combine pornography and shock humor. Making it possible for online pornography addicts to pass off their addiction as simple humor.

Use of content control and monitoring

Some clinicians and support organizations recommend using voluntary content control mechanisms (also known as "Internet filters" and "censorware"), internet monitoring, or both as a tool in the treatment of purportedly excessive online pornography use.[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]

Sex researcher Alvin Cooper and colleagues suggested several reasons for using filters as a therapeutic measure, including curbing accessibility that facilitates problematic behavior and encouraging clients to develop coping and relapse prevention strategies.[12] Cognitive therapist Mary Anne Layden suggested that filters may be useful in maintaining environmental control.[16] Internet behavior researcher David Delmonico noted that, despite their limitations, filters may serve as a "frontline of protection."[13]

Filters that target pornography have been included in computer operating systems such as Linux and are sold as stand-alone applications and devices. Some Internet service providers such as Integrity Online and OpenDNS provide content control as a network service.

Skeptics of Addiction

There is some dispute[weasel words] about whether pornography addiction actually exists, and if so, whether it has harmful effects. One popular argument against this form of addiction is that many people regularly watch pornography and still lead productive lives. Critics[who?] argue that people who regularly view pornography are able to have normal relationships and are desensitized to less stimulating materials.[citation needed]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b Downs, Martin F. (August 30, 2005). "Is Pornography Addictive? Psychologists debate whether people can have an addiction to pornography". WebMD. Retrieved 2007-03-22. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ "Porn: When It Helps & When It Hurts". Retrieved 2008-10-08. "For some people, porn can be a serious problem that devastates their lives," explains Wendy Maltz, a sex therapist in Eugene, OR, and the co-author (with her husband Larry) of The Porn Trap: The Essential Guide to Overcoming Problems Caused by Pornography. "Eight to fifteen percent of people [who use porn] have extremely serious sexual problems," she says. {{cite web}}: |first= missing |last= (help)
  3. ^ See http://www.jenniferschneider.com/articles/diagnos.html this article] (online copy of Richard Irons, M. D. and Jennifer P. Schneider, M.D., Ph. D "Differential Diagnosis of Addictive Sexual Disorders Using the DSM-IV." In Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity 1996, Volume 3, pp 7-21, 1996)
  4. ^ Andert, Stephen (2005). Web Stalkers. Rampant TechPress. pp. pp.160-161. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ a b c d e f Rory C. Reid (2006). "Assessing a Problem: Pornography Questionnaire". Confronting Your Spouse's Pornography Problem. Silverleaf Press. pp. pp.167-8. ISBN 9781933317434. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ Cline, Dr.Victor B., Treatment and Healing of Sexual and Pornographic Addictions
  7. ^ Cline, Dr.Victor B., Pornography's Effects on Adults and Children
  8. ^ Cline, Dr.Victor. "Victor Cline, Ph.D. Witness Statement, Commission on Child Online Protection" (PDF). In the case of pedophiles; the overwhelming majority, in my clinical experience use child pornography and/or create it to stimulate and whet their sexual appetites which they masturbate to then later use as a model for their own sexual acting out with children.[...]Other related studies by D.R. Evens and B.T. Jackson support his thesis. They found that deviant masturbatory fantasy very significantly effected the habit strength of the subject's sexual deviation {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  9. ^ Cline, Dr.Victor B., Pornography's Effects on Adults and Children, The sexual activity depicted in the pornography (no matter how anti-social or deviant) became legitimized. There was an increasing sense that "everybody does it" and this gave them permission to also do it, even though the activity was possibly illegal and contrary to their previous moral beliefs and personal standards.
  10. ^ Cline, Dr.Victor B., Pornography's Effects on Adults and Children, Being married or in a relationship with a willing sexual partner did not solve their problem. Their addiction and escalation were mainly due to the powerful sexual imagery in their minds, implanted there by the exposure to pornography.
  11. ^ Cline, Dr.Victor B., Pornography's Effects on Adults and Children, ... an increasing tendency to act out sexually the behaviors viewed in the pornography, including compulsive promiscuity, exhibitionism, group sex, voyeurism, frequenting massage parlors, having sex with minor children, rape, and inflicting pain on themselves or a partner during sex. This behavior frequently grew into a sexual addiction which they found themselves locked into and unable to change or reverse .no matter what the negative consequences were in their life.
  12. ^ a b Cooper, Alvin (1999). "Online Sexual Compulsivity: Getting Tangled in the Net". Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity: The Journal of Treatment and Prevention. 6 (2): 79–104. doi:10.1080/10720169908400182. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ a b Delmonico, D.L. (1997). "Cybersex: High Tech Sex Addiction". Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity: The Journal of Treatment and Prevention. 4 (2): 159–167. doi:10.1080/10720169708400139.
  14. ^ "AAMFT Consumer Update - Sexual Addiction". American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy. Retrieved 2007-06-10.
  15. ^ Corley, M. Deborah, Ph.D. (2002). "Cybersex Addiction" (PDF). Paradigm: 12, 22. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  16. ^ a b Layden, Mary Anne, Ph.D. (2005). "Cyber Sex Addiction" (PDF). Advances in Cognitive Therapy: 1–2, 4–5. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  17. ^ Bissette, David C., Psy.D. (2004). "Choosing an Internet Filter" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-06-10. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  18. ^ "Recovery Resources". Recovery Path Counselling Services. Retrieved 2007-06-10.
  19. ^ " "Evangelicals Are Addicted To Porn". ChristiaNet.com. Retrieved 2007-06-06.

External links

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