Phi Iota Alpha and Walter Greaves (cyclist): Difference between pages
(Difference between pages)
Content deleted Content added
fix quote box |
Les woodland (talk | contribs) ←Created page with ''''Walter William Greaves''' was an English cyclist who set the world record for distance ridden in a year - even though he had only one arm and fell of repeatedly....' |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
'''Walter William Greaves''' was an English cyclist who set the world record for distance ridden in a year - even though he had only one arm and fell of repeatedly. He rode 45,383 miles.<ref>Bradford Telegraph and Argus, 21 September 2001</ref> When a journalist offered him champagne to celebrate, Greaves - a teetotaller - said he would rather take arsenic if he chose to poison himself. |
|||
{{Infobox Fraternity | |
|||
letters = ΦΙΑ | |
|||
name = Phi Iota Alpha| |
|||
motto = ''Semper Parati<BR>Semper Juncti'' | |
|||
crest = [[Image:Phiacrest.png|center|]] | |
|||
founded = {{Birth date and age|1931|12|26}}| |
|||
factoid = The oldest inter-collegiate Greek-letter organization established for Latino Americans | |
|||
type = [[fraternities and sororities|Social]] | |
|||
mission = <div style="font-size: 92%">Phi Iota Alpha Fraternity is a brotherhood dedicated to the promotion and preservation of Latin American Culture.</div> | |
|||
scope = International | |
|||
address = 49 East 41 Street Suite 449| |
|||
symbol = | |
|||
city = New York| |
|||
state = New York | |
|||
country = USA | |
|||
colors = <span style="background-color:#FFD700;width:50px;border:1px solid #000000"> </span> [[w:Gold (color)|Gold]]<BR><span style="background-color:#000080;width:50px;border:1px solid #000000"> </span> [[Navy Blue]]<BR><span style="background-color:#FF0000;width:50px;border:1px solid #000000"> </span> [[Red]]<BR></font><span style="background-color:#ffffff;width:50px;border:1px solid #000000"> </span> [[White]]| |
|||
free_label = Nickname | |
|||
free = Phiota | |
|||
homepage = [http://www.phiota.org/ www.phiota.org] | |
|||
birthplace = [[Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute]] {{flagicon|USA}} | |
|||
flower = [[Carnation|Red Carnation]] | |
|||
publication = ''The Phiota!'' | |
|||
symbol = [[Lion]] | |
|||
footnotes= | |
|||
==Background== |
|||
}} |
|||
Walter Greaves lost his arm in a road accident when he was 14. His bicycle had a handlebar made to accommodate his problem. He developed a strong communist leaning in his teens and acquired such a reputation among employers in [[Bradford]] that he could no longer find work. |
|||
'''Phi Iota Alpha (ΦΙΑ)''', established [[December 26]], [[1931]], is the oldest [[National Association of Latino Fraternal Organizations|Latino fraternity]] still in existence <ref name=Bairds49>{{cite book | last=Baily | first= Harold J. | coauthors= | year=1949 | title=[[Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities]] | publisher=Banta Publishing Company | location=[[Menasha, Wisconsin|Menasha]], [[Wisconsin]] | id=OCLC 1353909 | page=315 }}</ref> and works to motivate people, develop leaders, and create innovative ways to unite the [[Hispanic|Latino]] community. The organization has roots that stem back to the late 1800s to the first Latino fraternity, and the first Latino student organization in the [[United States]].<ref name=Ricketts>{{cite book | last=Ricketts | first=Palmer C. | coauthors= | year=1934 | title=A History of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1824-1934 | publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons|Wiley Publishing Company]] | location=New York, New York | id= | page= }}</ref> The [[Fraternities and sororities|brotherhood]] is composed of undergraduate, graduate, and professional men committed toward the empowerment of the Latino community by providing intensive social and cultural programs and activities geared toward the appreciation, promotion and preservation of [[Latin American]] culture. |
|||
Membership in Phi Iota Alpha is open to all men regardless of race, creed, color, or national origin who challenge themselves to develop a strong network for the advancement of Latino people.<ref name=membership>{{cite web | title=Phi Iota Alpha Latino Fraternity::: Membership | url=http://www.phiota.org/membership.php | accessdate=2007-03-29 }}</ref> Phi Iota Alpha's membership includes prominent and accomplished educators, politicians, businessmen, and four former presidents of Latin American countries. Phi Iota Alpha utilizes motifs from the Pan-American revolutionary period and uses images and colors depicting the time of Latin American revolutionaries and thinkers to represent the organization. |
|||
==History== |
|||
=== Origins === |
|||
[[Image:Uha2.gif|thumb|right|200px|Union Hispano Americana emblem]] |
|||
Phi Iota Alpha was founded at the [[Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute]] (RPI), [[Troy, New York]], in 1898.<ref>{{cite book | last=Fine | first=Elizabeth C | coauthors= | year=2003 | title=Soulstepping: African American step shows | publisher=[[University of Illinois Press]] | location=[[Urbana, Illinois]] | id=ISBN 0-252-02475-3 | pages=pp. 111 }}</ref> A group of Latin American students including organized the '''Union Hispano Americana (UHΑ)''' as a cultural and intellectual [[secret society]] based on the ideology of [[Pan-Americanism]].<ref>{{cite journal |
|||
| last = |
|||
| first = |
|||
| authorlink = |
|||
| coauthors = |
|||
| title = Universities and world affairs |
|||
| journal = Carnegie Endowment for International Peace |
|||
| volume = |
|||
| issue = |
|||
| pages = |
|||
| date = 1952 |
|||
| publisher = |
|||
| url = |
|||
| format = |
|||
| id = ISSN: 0502-6393 |
|||
| accessdate = 2007-03-29 }}</ref> |
|||
The immediate goals of the UHA was to provide a cultural environment for students of [[Latin America]] and [[Spain]]. The UHA is the first association of Latin American students ever founded in the United States.<ref name="Ricketts" /> The UHA expanded to several colleges and universities in the United States; however, due to the secrecy imposed upon its members, not many records were kept. |
|||
The expansion and growth of the UHA was based on compromise and the ultimate need of similar organizations to unify and become more powerful. In the [[Northeastern United States]], a group of Latin American students decided to organize a cultural and intellectual fraternity; as a result '''Pi Delta Phi (ΠΔΦ)''' fraternity was founded at [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT) in 1916. Shortly after its foundation, Pi Delta Phi initiated a search to expand to other colleges and universities where they became aware of the existence of other similar organizations.<ref name=history>{{cite web | title=Phi Iota Alpha Latino Fraternity::: Fraternal History | url=http://www.phiota.org/fraternalhist.php | accessdate=2006-12-04 }}</ref> |
|||
===Consolidation=== |
|||
[[Image:Simonument.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Monument of Sigma Iota's birthplace on the [[Pentagon Barracks|former LSU Campus]]]] |
|||
Pi Delta Phi established communications with '''[[Phi Lambda Alpha]] (ΦΛA)''' fraternity, which had been recently founded in 1919 at the [[University of California, Berkeley]].<ref>{{cite book | last= | first= | coauthors= | year=1922 | month= | title=University of California Berkeley Blue & Gold Yearbook | publisher=University of California Berkeley | location=Berkeley, California | id= | pages= pp. 600 }}</ref> After some communication, these two organizations realized the existence of a non-Greek letter secret society, the Union Hispano Americana. As a result of intensive correspondence and various interviews, the three organizations merged. In their merger agreement, the three organizations adopted the name of Phi Lambda Alpha fraternity, with the distinctive emblem & constitution of Pi Delta Phi, and the goals & motto of the UHA.{{Fact|date=January 2008}} This new union was formalized in June 1921, in the [[City of New York]]. |
|||
Meanwhile, in the [[Southern United States]], another similar organization was under development. In 1904, an organization with similar goals as Phi Lambda Alpha was founded under the name “Sociedad Hispano-Americana” at [[Louisiana State University]]. In 1912, this organization changed its name to '''[[Sigma Iota]] (ΣI)''' and became the first Latin American based fraternity in the United States.<ref>{{cite book | last=Brown | first=Tamara L. | coauthors=Gregory S. Parks, Clarenda M. Phillips | year=2005 | title=African American Fraternities And Sororities: The Legacy And The Vision | publisher=[[University Press of Kentucky]] | location=[[Lexington, Kentucky]] | id=ISBN 0-8131-2344-5 | page=59 }}</ref> Between 1912 and 1925, Sigma Iota expanded rapidly in the United States, [[South America]], and Europe. As a result of this, Sigma Iota became the first international Latin American based fraternity.<ref name=Bairds91>{{cite book | last=Anson | first=Jack L. | coauthors=Robert F. Marchesani, Jr. | year=1991 | title=[[Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities]] | publisher=Banta Publishing Company | location=[[Menasha, Wisconsin]] | id=ISBN 0-9637159-0-9 | page=VIII-22 }}</ref> By 1928, Sigma Iota had lost many of its chapters and therefore sought to stabilize its operations by consolidating its chapters in the United States with a more stationary and well-rooted organization.{{Fact|date=January 2008}} |
|||
Phi Lambda Alpha was seeking to expand throughout the United States and to promote the ideology of Pan Americanism. Sigma Iota Fraternity was in search of revitalizing some of its defunct chapters. Thus both organizations complemented each other and began to work towards the creation of the fraternity now know as Phi Iota Alpha.<ref name="history" /> |
|||
===Founding=== |
|||
In December 1931 in [[Troy, New York|Troy]], [[New York]], delegates from Phi Lambda Alpha and Sigma Iota assembled with the objective of forming a unified fraternity to address the needs of Latin American Students in universities in the United States. |
|||
{{Quote box |
|||
| quote ='''"Fuerza, Integridad, y Amistad."''' |
|||
| source =Phi Iota Alpha Fraternity [[Creed]] |
|||
| width = |
|||
| align =Right |
|||
}} |
|||
On December 26, 1931, the first day of a three-day convention, Phi Iota Alpha was born as both groups agreed to the merger.<ref>{{cite news | author=Staff writer | title=Phi Lambda Alpha and Sigma Iota To Unite | url=http://www-tech.mit.edu/archives/VOL_051/TECH_V051_S0328_P001.pdf | format=PDF | publisher=[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] |work=The Tech | page=1 | date=1932-01-08 | accessdate=2005-12-03}}</ref> They resolved to unify under one name, one banner, one organization and one ideal. The next day of business was dedicated to preparing the details of revising the constitution, working on the creation of a shield to represent the newly formed national Latino brotherhood. On December 28<SUP>th</SUP>, by the end of the three-day convention, the majority of the merger was completed. Now the last step in the merger was the ratification of some of the chapters of Sigma Iota that were not represented at the convention.{{Fact|date=January 2008}} |
|||
The fraternity was incorporated as a national organization on October 28, 1936, under the laws of the State of [[Louisiana]], under the name and title of '''Phi Iota Alpha Fraternity.'''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www400.sos.louisiana.gov/cgibin?rqstyp=crpdtlC&rqsdta=01001440N |title=Louisiana Office of the Secretary of State |publisher=sos.louisiana.gov |accessdate=2006-12-03}}</ref> |
|||
===Expansion=== |
|||
[[Image:Ula.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Union Latino Americana]] |
|||
{{main|Union Latino Americana}} |
|||
After unification, Phi Iota Alpha expanded nationally as well as internationally. At the international level, the Fraternity sponsored the 1932 convention in New York City with the purpose of forming the Union Latino Americana (ULA).<ref name=Bairds49/><ref>{{cite book | last= Johnson | first=Clyde Sanfred | coauthors= | year=1972 | title=Fraternities in our colleges. | publisher=National Interfraternity Foundation | location=New York, New York | id= | pages=pp. 42-43 }}</ref> The ULA was a Pan American governing body of Hispanic fraternities which provides the framework for the implementation of Pan-American ideology. The ULA organized Latin America into 22 zones with each of the 21 Latin American countries constituting a zone, and Phi Iota Alpha representing the 22nd zone in the United States. All zones are bonded by the same constitution and internal rules and regulations.{{Fact|date=January 2008}} By 1937, the ULA had several well-established and functional zones including: |
|||
[[Image:Picture20006small.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Union Convention 1938]] |
|||
* '''ΦIA''' - Phi Iota Alpha in the D.C. and the [[U.S. state|states of the]] {{USA}} |
|||
* '''ΦKA''' - Phi Kappa Alpha in {{CUB}} |
|||
* '''ΦΣA''' - [[Phi Sigma Alpha]] in {{PRI}} (U.S.) |
|||
* '''ΦTA''' - Phi Tau Alpha in {{MEX}} |
|||
<BR>In September 1938, the Phi Sigma Alpha zone decided to separate from the ULA and eventually, to form Phi Sigma Alpha Fraternity of Puerto Rico which exists to this day.<ref>{{cite web | title=Fi Sigma Alfa | url=http://www.fisigmaalfa.org/ | accessdate=2006-12-04 |language=Spanish }}</ref> |
|||
===History: 1939–1983=== |
|||
The outbreak of [[World War II]] greatly hindered the growth Phi Iota Alpha in the United States. After the war the Fraternity drafted and implemented a new expansion strategy. As a result, the post war period saw positive internal growth for the Fraternity. In the early 1950s, Phi Iota Alpha eradicated any remnant of its political agenda. With only a few chapters, the Fraternity continued to pursue it's [[#Mission|mission]]. |
|||
The Fraternity was again incorporated as a national organization on January 9, 1953, when the [[w:Secretary of State (U.S. state government)|Secretary of State]] of New York accepted the incorporation of Phi Iota Alpha Fraternity.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://appsext8.dos.state.ny.us/corp_public/CORPSEARCH.ENTITY_INFORMATION?p_nameid=107283&p_corpid=86901&p_entity_name=%70%68%69%20%69%6F%74%61%20%61%6C%70%68%61&p_name_type=%41&p_search_type=%42%45%47%49%4E%53&p_srch_results_page=0 |title=New York Office of the Secretary of State |publisher=dos.state.ny.us |accessdate=2006-12-03}}</ref> |
|||
The 1960s were very challenging years for Phi Iota Alpha. The effects of the [[Vietnam War]] and the '60s [[Counterculture|counter-culture]] created an anti-institutional atmosphere amongst many college students. In addition, this drastically reduced the enrollment of Latin American students in American universities. This in turn hindered potential membership to the organization. As a result, by 1968, after many years of struggle, the only active undergraduate chapters were at LSU, and at RPI. The chapter at RPI became inactive in 1973 with the graduation of its Secretary General. The Secretary General took with him the chapter's official fraternity documents. By 1976, the last active brother from the chapter at LSU graduated, thereby marking the closing of the undergraduate chapter at LSU.{{Fact|date=January 2008}} |
|||
{{wide image|fialsu72.jpg|800px|Phi Iota Alpha Brother Bolivar DeGracia. (bottom row, second from the right) Member of the IFC Athletic Council at LSU 1972.}} |
|||
From 1977 to 1983, the Fraternity witnessed a period of inactivity at the undergraduate level. Some efforts were made to re-establish Phi Iota Alpha at the undergraduate level, but these efforts were not successful. Throughout this period, brothers continued to maintain communication, and continued to accomplish the mission of the organization. The history, ideals and goals of the Fraternity never diminished; they simply did not have active undergraduate members to cultivate them. Phi Iota Alpha continued to exist with the many Alumni members, and chapters as they continued to develop their professional lives mostly in Latin American countries and in the United States.<ref name=history/> |
|||
[[Image:Generation.gif|thumb|right|Alpha Chapter, 1984]] |
|||
===History: 1984–2000=== |
|||
In 1984, a group of young men at RPI, set upon learning about the Latino based fraternity that once existed on their campus, re-established Phi Iota Alpha. After the re-emergence of the Fraternity, the last Secretary General instituted the members of the RPI chapter as the Alpha Chapter of Phi Iota Alpha. In the 1980s the Fraternity dedicated its efforts to rebuilding the organizational infrastructure and to expand to several universities in [[New York State]]. By 2000, Phi Iota Alpha had chartered chapters across the United States.<ref name=history/> |
|||
===75th Anniversary=== |
|||
[[Image:75logo.jpg|right|150px]] |
|||
Phi Iota Alpha declared 2006 and 2007 to celebrate the Diamond Jubilee. Preparations consisted of nationwide activities and events, including the commissioning of intellectual and scholarly works, presentation of exhibits, lectures, artwork and musical expositions, the production of video presentations.{{Fact|date=January 2008}} The 75th Anniversary Celebration was launched with a [[Pilgrimage#Modern pilgrimage|pilgrimage]] to Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute on [[October 13]], [[2006]], and culminated with the Demisesquicentennial Anniversary Convention on the weekend of [[July 27]] to [[July 29]], [[2007]], in New York City.<ref>{{cite news | author=Crowley, Cathleen F | title=Latino solidarity marks 75 years | url=http://timesunion.com/AspStories/story.asp?storyID=525983&category=REGION&BCCode=HOME&newsdate=10/16/2006&TextPage=1 | format= | publisher=Capital Newspapers |work=Albany Times Union | page= | date=2006-10-16 | accessdate=2005-12-03}}</ref> |
|||
==Chapters== |
|||
{{further|[[List of Phi Iota Alpha chapters]]}} |
|||
== National programs == |
|||
Phi Iota Alpha asserts that through community outreach initiatives, the fraternity supplies voice and vision to the struggle of Latino and Hispanic Americans in the United States and Latin America. The fraternity provides for charitable endeavors through its Foundations, providing academic scholarships and support for community development projects. |
|||
=== Union Foundation === |
|||
[[Image:Uribbon.jpg|thumb|right|100px|Union Logo]] |
|||
Established in 2004, the Union Foundation is the Fraternity's philanthropic arm. The foundation is an initiative designed to impact the lives of Latino communities in the areas of education, economic development, and social progress. The Union Foundation is a private, charitable non-profit organization.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://appsext8.dos.state.ny.us/corp_public/CORPSEARCH.ENTITY_INFORMATION?p_nameid=3069864&p_corpid=3062911&p_entity_name=%75%6E%69%6F%6E%20%66%6F%75%6E%64%61%74%69%6F%6E&p_name_type=%41&p_search_type=%42%45%47%49%4E%53&p_srch_results_page=0 |title=New York Office of the Secretary of State |publisher=dos.state.ny.us |accessdate=2007-06-06}}</ref> The Foundation was created in order to: |
|||
*Provide scholarships and grants to Latino youths to enhance their educational and career opportunities. |
|||
*Support community programs and other 501(c)(3) tax exempt organizations that support civic empowerment and educational improvement within the Latino community. |
|||
*To increase awareness of Latino issues to the greater philanthropic community covering issues such as, but not limited to, educational achievement, civil rights, state of the workforce, and overall community health. |
|||
*To engage in other activities related to supporting and educating the public concerning Latino issues. |
|||
===Affiliations=== |
|||
{{further|[[North-American Interfraternity Conference]], [[National Association of Latino Fraternal Organizations]]}} |
|||
The fraternity maintains dual membership in the [[National Association of Latino Fraternal Organizations]] (NALFO) and the [[North-American Interfraternity Conference]] (NIC). |
|||
NALFO is composed of 23 Latino Greek-letter sororities and fraternities, of which Phi Iota Alpha is the oldest member. The association promotes and fosters positive interfraternal relations, communication, and development of all Latino fraternal organizations through mutual respect, leadership, honesty, professionalism and education.<ref name=nalfo>{{cite web |url=http://www.nalfo.org/ |title=National Association of Latino Fraternal Organizations |publisher=NALFO |accessdate=2006-12-02}}</ref> |
|||
The NIC serves to advocate the needs of its member fraternities through enrichment of the fraternity experience; advancement and growth of the fraternity community; and enhancement of the educational mission of the host institutions.<ref name=NIC>{{cite web |url=http://www.nicindy.org/ |title=[[North-American Interfraternity Conference]] |publisher=NIC |accessdate=2006-12-01}}</ref> |
|||
Phi Iota Alpha is also a member of the NIC Latino Fraternal Caucus. One of the only four Latino fraternities that are part of the NIC.<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.fraternityadvisors.org/PrinterFriendly.aspx?ContentId=317 | title=NALFO: Uniting Latino Fraternities and Sororities | publisher= Association of Fraternity Advisors | accessdate=2007-12-04 }}</ref> Prior to joining NALFO, Phi Iota Alpha was a member of the Concilio Nacional de Hermandades Latinas. |
|||
==Fraternal ideology== |
|||
{{Phi Iota Alpha articles|right}} |
|||
=== Beliefs === |
|||
Members of Phi Iota Alpha share a life-long commitment to Latin American culture. Involves intellectual development, cultural consciousness, personal growth, personal achievement and social awareness. |
|||
Members of Phi Iota Alpha believe that the Latin American community in the United States and in the Latin American countries are in need of new sources of intellectual capital to identify, address and solve the difficult challenges they face. Therefore, the organization is dedicated to developing in its members an awareness of the common values and traditions of the nations of Latin America and to preparing them to become active participants in the process of advancing the social and economic conditions of all Latin Americans. |
|||
The fraternity instills in its members a Global Latino perspective. This is an orientation that transcends the existing national boundaries that have separated Latin America. It builds on the spirit and traditions of Pan-Americanism, and supports and promotes actions leading to an eventual unification of all the countries of Latin America.<ref name=whoweare>{{cite web | title=Phi Iota Alpha Latino Fraternity::: Who We Are | url=http://www.phiota.org/whoweare.php | accessdate=2006-12-04 }}</ref> |
|||
===Mission=== |
|||
*Promotion of personal, community, and Pan-American development through the ideals of Simón Bolívar and José Martí as well as other Pan-American intellectuals and their philosophies; |
|||
*Creation of a Latin American consciousness, |
|||
*Intensification of education with a Latin American character; |
|||
*Economic and social mobilization of Latin American communities globally; |
|||
{{Quote box |
|||
| quote ='''"The Unification of Latin America'''" |
|||
| source =Fraternal Vision of Phi Iota Alpha Fraternity |
|||
| width = |
|||
| align =Right |
|||
}} |
|||
*Intensification of contact between Pan-American Countries with the intention of forming a unified network of professional and economic contacts in order to ultimately achieve the unification of Latin America; |
|||
*Conservation of the integrity of the Latin American character. |
|||
*Rejection of war and violence as a means to achieving unification.<ref name="whoweare" /> |
|||
===Pillars=== |
|||
The organization has five ''pillars'', respected historical figures from Latin America: |
|||
<CENTER><gallery> |
|||
Image:Simon Bolivar.jpg|Don [[Simón Bolívar]] |
|||
Image:Smartin.JPG|Don [[José de San Martín]] |
|||
Image:Ohiggins.jpg|Don [[Bernardo O'Higgins]] |
|||
Image:BenitoJuarez.jpg|Don [[Benito Juárez]] |
|||
Image:Jose Marti head.jpg|Don [[José Martí]] |
|||
</gallery></CENTER> |
|||
==Symbolism== |
|||
=== Pan-American symbolism === |
|||
[[Image:La Independencia del Perú.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Phi Iota Alpha chose to use Pan American symbolism as more representative the ideals of the organization. As evidenced in this painting of San Martín's proclamation of [[Peru]]vian independence]] |
|||
Phi Iota Alpha chose to use Pan-American symbolism as more representative of the goals and ideals of the organization. |
|||
Phi Iota Alpha utilizes motifs from the Pan-American revolutionary period and uses images and colors depicting the time of Latin American revolutionaries and thinkers to represent the organization. This is in contrast to most other Latino fraternities that traditionally echo themes from the [[Pre-Columbian]] period of Latin American history. Phi Iota Alpha's constant reference to Pan-American ideals in hymns and poems are further examples of Phi Iota Alpha's mission to imbue with a Pan-American cultural perspective. |
|||
===Colors=== |
|||
The Colors of the fraternity in Spanish Heraldry are oro, azur, gules and plata.<BR> |
|||
The Colors of the fraternity in English Heraldry are [[w:or (heraldry)|or]], [[azure]], [[gules]] and [[argent]].<BR> |
|||
The Colors of the fraternity in Spanish are oro, azul marino, rojo and blanco.<BR> |
|||
The Colors of the fraternity in English are [[w:gold (color)|gold]], [[navy blue]], [[red]] and [[white]].<ref name=bylaws>{{cite book | title=Phi Iota Alpha Fraternity Bylaws | year=2006 | pages=pp. 28-30 }}</ref> |
|||
===Badge=== |
|||
[[Image:Fiabadge.jpg|right|100px]] |
|||
The badge is the most prominent symbol of membership. The Official Badge of the Fraternity is a gold pin in the shape of a [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] [[fasces]] topped with a double-edged ax and crowned in the superior of the fasces of six stars, each star with an argent [[pearl]] at its center. The fasces are held together by two ropes in gold that tie the fasces at the top and at the bottom and in which the middle is tied in the form of an x-shaped [[cross]]. In the middle of the fasces, above the ropes lies an argent riband in which engraved to it are the Greek Letters Phi Iota Alpha. The badge dies at the bottom with a golden sphere that culminates the fasces.<ref name="bylaws" /> |
|||
===Flag=== |
|||
[[Image:Fiaflag.gif|right|100px]] |
|||
The official flag consists of three bands in or, azure, and gules of equal height. The Greek letters ΦΙΑ in Or are located on the Azure field at the center outlined with white. The chapter letter is carried on the Gules band sinister in argent.<ref name="bylaws" /> The flag is modeled after the flag of Simón Bolívar's Republic of [[Flag of Great Colombia|Gran Colombia]]. The short-lived republic that consisted of present-day {{flagcountry|Colombia}}, {{flagcountry|Venezuela}}, {{flagcountry|Ecuador}}, and {{flagcountry|Panama}}. |
|||
===Crest=== |
|||
The Fraternity [[insignia]], [[coat of arms|coat of Arms]] or [[w:crest (heraldry)|crest]], consists of a [[blazon]] composed of an Or (gold) [[Shield]], Gules [[Chevron (insigne)| Chevron]] lowered a third charged with six argent [[Stars]], three dexter, three sinister. At the [[fess]] point, under an oval azure field, the [[:Image:Map-Latin America2.png|Latin American Map]] in Or, surrounded by a steel [[Link chain|chain]] made of twenty-one links. The Greek Letters Phi Iota Alpha in azure in dexter, fess point and sinister of the [[Chief (heraldry)|chief]], occupying a third part of the canton. At the base, a [[Phrygian Cap]] in gules facing dexter. The principal [[bordure]] is double in azure and argent, respectively. The shield is crowned with a frontal steel [[Helmet#Heraldry|helm]] with nine bars and adorned with argent [[lambrequin]]s falling at dexter and sinister. The crest is formed by a Roman fasces in Or, in vertical position, and a Double-edged Ax. A pair of [[Lion]]s Rampant with sanguine tongues [[Supporters|supports]] the shield. The riband for the motto at the Lions' feet, in argent, with azure letters states: ''Semper Parati Semper Juncti.''<ref name="bylaws" /> |
|||
==Membership== |
|||
{{Quote box |
|||
| quote = '''"I only want Lions in my regiment"''' |
|||
| source =Don [[José de San Martín]]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/José_de_San_Martín | title=José de San Martín - Wikiquote | publisher= [[Wikimedia Foundation]] | accessdate=2006-12-04 }}</ref> |
|||
| width = |
|||
| align =Right |
|||
}} |
|||
Phi Iota Alpha's membership is predominantly Latino and Hispanic American in composition. Members come from the United States, the Caribbean, Latin America, Africa, Asia, and Europe. As Phi Iota Alpha expanded, the ranks of membership grew to include a plethora of prominent and accomplished, educators, politicians, businessmen, and four former presidents of Latin American countries. |
|||
=== Notable members === |
|||
==== Politics ==== |
|||
[[Image:Flores w clinton.jpg|thumb|right|170px|Fmr. President of Honduras Carlos Flores with President Bill Clinton]] |
|||
[[Image:Marianoospinaperez1.png|thumb|140px|Mariano Ospina Pérez<BR>Fmr. President of Colombia]] |
|||
[[Image:Callejas.jpg|thumb|right|Alfonso Robelo Callejas]] |
|||
*[[Eric Arturo Delvalle]]<ref>{{cite book | last= | first= | coauthors= | year=1955 | month= | title=[[Louisiana State University#Publications|Gumbo Yearbook]] | publisher=[[Louisiana State University]] | location=[[Baton Rouge, Louisiana]] | id=LD3118 .G8 1954 | pages= }}</ref> - Former President of {{flagcountry|Panama}} |
|||
*[[Carlos Roberto Flores]]<ref>{{cite book | last= Byers | first=Paula Kay | coauthors=Suzanne Michele Bourgoin | year=1998 | title=Encyclopedia of World Biography | publisher=[[Thomson Gale|Thomson Gale Publishing Company]] | location=[[Farmington Hills, Michigan]] | id= ISBN 0-7876-2221-4 | page= }}</ref> - Former President of {{flagcountry|Honduras}}<ref>{{cite news | author=Staff writer | title=New Honduras chief an LSU grad | url= | format= | publisher=Capital City Press |work=The Advocate | page=14-A | date=1997-12-09 | accessdate=2007-10-05}}</ref> |
|||
*[[Mariano Ospina Pérez]] - Former President of {{flagcountry|Colombia}} |
|||
*[[Carlos Lleras Restrepo]] - Former President of {{flagcountry|Colombia}} |
|||
*Miguel Hernandez Agosto - Former President of the [[Popular Democratic Party of Puerto Rico|Popular Democratic Party]] of {{flagcountry|Puerto Rico}} |
|||
*[[Alfonso Robelo|Alfonso Robelo Callejas]]<ref name="RPTI Yearbook 60">{{cite book | last= | first= | coauthors= | year=1960 | month= | title=Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Transit Yearbook | publisher=Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute | location=Troy, New York | id= | pages= }}</ref> - Founder of the [[Nicaraguan Democratic Movement|Democratic Movement Party]] of {{flagcountry|Nicaragua}} |
|||
*Emilio Bacardi - Former mayor of [[Santiago, Cuba|Santiago,]] {{flagcountry|Cuba}} and son of [[Bacardi]] Founder [[Facundo Bacardi]] |
|||
*Angel Ureña - National Hispanic media campaign spokesman for [[Hillary Clinton]] |
|||
*Enrique Oltuski<ref>{{cite book | last= | first= | coauthors= | year=1955 | month= | title=University of Miami Ibis Yearbook | publisher=University of Miami | location=Miami, Florida | id= | pages= }}</ref> Deputy Minister of Fisheries and Merchant Marines of {{flagcountry|Cuba}} - Author of ''Vida Clandestina: My Life in the Cuban Revolution''<ref>{{cite book | last=Oltuski | first=Enrique | coauthors= | year= 2000 | title=Vida Clandestina: My Life in the Cuban Revolution | publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons|Wiley Publishing Company]] | location=New York, New York | id=ISBN 0787961698 | page= }}</ref> |
|||
====Diplomacy==== |
|||
*Eduardo Vallarino Arjona - Former Ambassador to the US from {{flagcountry|Panama}} |
|||
*Guillermo Chapman - Former Ambassador to the US from {{flagcountry|Panama}} |
|||
*Harry A. Diaz- Current Ambassador of Panama to the Russian Federation & Community of Independent States |
|||
*Osvaldo Velasquez- Former Council Member of International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, an organization that won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1985. |
|||
====Business==== |
|||
*Manuel J. Cutillas<ref name="RPTI Yearbook 60"/> - Former Chairman of the Board and CEO of Bacardi Ltd. |
|||
*Manuel Gaetan<ref>{{cite book | last= | first= | coauthors= | year=1956 | month= | title=Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Transit Yearbook | publisher=Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute | location=Troy, New York | id= | pages= }}</ref> - Former President Emeritus of the Bobbin Group of Miller Freeman |
|||
*Orlando A. Gutierrez<ref>{{cite news | author=Adam, Michelle | title=Greeks Empowering Hispanics | url= | format= | publisher= |work=Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education | pages=17-19 | date=1999-02-26 | accessdate=2007-01-11}}</ref> - Former President of the [[Society of Hispanic Professional Engineers]] |
|||
*Alberto C. Mariaca -Former Senior Managing Director of [[Bear Stearns]] |
|||
====Education==== |
|||
*Ernesto E. Blanco, P.E. - Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT |
|||
*Dennis Camacho - Director of Student Activities, New York Institute of Technology, Manhattan Campus |
|||
*Tomas L. Lopez-Gottardi - Director of Undergraduate Studies, University of Miami School of Architecture |
|||
*Juan R. Guardia, Ph.D. - Director of Multicultural Affairs and Visiting Instructor, Department of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies, Florida State University |
|||
*Christopher MacDonald-Dennis, Ed.D. - Assistant Dean of the Undergraduate College and Director of Intercultural Affairs, Bryn Mawr College |
|||
*Carlos Sanchez - Assistant Principal, Port Chester Middle School |
|||
*José Luis Solache - President of [[Lynwood, California]] School District |
|||
*Osvaldo Velasquez- Professor of Medicine of The Universidad de Panamá |
|||
*Roberto Antonio Gordillo-President of the National Association of Librarians and Archivists of Mexico & Director of the National School Librarians and Archivists of Mexico & Deputy Director of Libraries and Archives of the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit of Mexico. |
|||
====Media==== |
|||
*Jorge Avellán - Reporter for [[WMYD| WMYD MyTV20 Detroit]], [[Michigan]] |
|||
*Omar Cabrera - Sports Anchor for [[Univision]] [[WUNI|New England]], [[Boston]]. |
|||
====Religion==== |
|||
*Juan Alfredo Arzube<ref>{{cite book | last= | first= | coauthors= | year=1938 | month= | title=Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Transit Yearbook | publisher=Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute | location=Troy, New York | id= | pages= }}</ref> - Former [[Auxiliary Bishop]] of [[Los Angeles]], [[California]] |
|||
==Fraternal dates of celebration== |
|||
{{portalpar|Latino and Hispanic American|Hispanic_Flag.png}} |
|||
*[[April 14]] (Pan-American Day) |
|||
*[[October 12]] (Day of the Race) |
|||
*[[December 26]] (Founding Day Anniversary and Day of the illuminated Latin Americans) |
|||
*September 15th – October 15th ([[National Hispanic Heritage Month]])<ref name="bylaws"/> |
|||
==See also== |
|||
{{Latinos in the United States}} |
|||
*[[Phi Lambda Alpha]] |
|||
*[[Phi Sigma Alpha]] |
|||
*[[Sigma Iota]] |
|||
*[[Union Latino Americana]] |
|||
==References== |
|||
{{Reflist}} |
|||
==External links== |
|||
* [http://www.phiota.org/ Phi Iota Alpha National Website] |
|||
* [http://www.ufoundation.org/ Union Foundation Website] |
|||
{{National Association of Latino Fraternal Organizations}} |
|||
{{North-American Interfraternity Conference}} |
|||
[[Category:Fraternities and sororities]] |
|||
[[Category:Latino organizations]] |
|||
[[Category:Phi Iota Alpha]] |
|||
[[Category:1931 establishments]] |
|||
[[Category:United States student societies]] |
|||
[[Category:International student societies]] |
|||
[[Category:National Association of Latino Fraternal Organizations]] |
|||
[[Category:North-American Interfraternity Conference]] |
|||
[[Category:Phi Sigma Alpha]] |
|||
[[Category:Non-profit organizations based in the United States]] |
|||
[[Category:Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute]] |
|||
Revision as of 17:49, 12 October 2008
Walter William Greaves was an English cyclist who set the world record for distance ridden in a year - even though he had only one arm and fell of repeatedly. He rode 45,383 miles.[1] When a journalist offered him champagne to celebrate, Greaves - a teetotaller - said he would rather take arsenic if he chose to poison himself.
Background
Walter Greaves lost his arm in a road accident when he was 14. His bicycle had a handlebar made to accommodate his problem. He developed a strong communist leaning in his teens and acquired such a reputation among employers in Bradford that he could no longer find work.
- ^ Bradford Telegraph and Argus, 21 September 2001