Endlicheria: Difference between revisions

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== Overview ==
== Overview ==
''Endlicheria'' is a neotropical botanical genus with 60 [[species]] of [[flowering plant]]s, shrubs and trees, mostly hardwood evergreen trees belonging to the family [[Lauraceae]].
''Endlicheria'' is a neotropical botanical genus with 60 [[species]] of [[flowering plant]]s, shrubs and trees, mostly hardwood evergreen trees belonging to the family [[Lauraceae]].
''Endlicheria'', a South America-centered genus of the Ocotea complex. DNA molecular data showing that its members are nested within [[Rhodostemonodaphne]] and [[Ocotea]] clade forming three genera closely related. Sixty species of Endlicheria are recognized. Two species are transferred to Rhodostemonodaphne. Nine infrageneric species groups are informally recognized in ''Endlicheria''. Of these, the ''[[Endlicheria punctulata]]'' species group is closer to species of the ''[[Ocotea cernua]]'' species group than to its congeners, in both molecular and morphological aspects. Representatives of each of the eight remaining species groups are united with a diverse representation of Rhodostemonodaphne in a well-supported but unresolved clade. The Endlicheria-Rhodostemonodaphne relation is manifested. It is suggested that the two-locellate anthers that distinguish Endlicheria from Rhodostemonodaphne evolved repeatedly.<ref>http://www.jstor.org/pss/4393929</ref>
''Endlicheria'' is a South America-centered genus of the Ocotea complex. DNA molecular data shows that its members are nested within the [[Rhodostemonodaphne]] and [[Ocotea]] clade forming three closely related genera. Sixty species of Endlicheria are recognized. Two species are transferred to Rhodostemonodaphne. Nine infrageneric species groups are informally recognized in ''Endlicheria''. Of these, the ''[[Endlicheria punctulata]]'' species group is closer to species of the ''[[Ocotea cernua]]'' species group than to its congeners, in both molecular and morphological aspects. Representatives of each of the eight remaining species groups are united with a diverse representation of Rhodostemonodaphne in a well-supported but unresolved clade. The Endlicheria-Rhodostemonodaphne relation is manifested. It is suggested that the two-locellate anthers that distinguish Endlicheria from Rhodostemonodaphne evolved repeatedly.<ref>http://www.jstor.org/pss/4393929</ref>
This genus have many high commercial value plant species were supplied by wood industry, be cause there are many more studies on its distribution, biology and ecology to looking for timber.
This genus has many high commercial value plant species that were supplied by wood industry, because there are many more studies on its distribution, biology and ecology, looking for timber.


''Endlicheria'' species are extended mostly in the drainage area of the [[Amazon Basin|Amazon]] from [[South America]], and low coast rainforest and mountain tropical forest in the Greater Antilles, Guianas, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, to the south of Brazil. Also in Andean [[Cloud forest]] in tropical America. The species of Endlicheria occurs in moist forest habitats from elevations of around sea level to 2.500 meters in the Andean and Guianian highlands. At least two species are present in mountain cloud forest and Atlantic forest of south east of Brazil and other two species in caribean lesser Antillas mountain cloud forest.
''Endlicheria'' species are extended mostly in the drainage area of the [[Amazon Basin|Amazon]] from [[South America]], and low coast rainforest and mountain tropical forest in the Greater Antilles, Guianas, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, to the south of Brazil, and in the Andean [[cloud forest]] in tropical America. The species of Endlicheria occurs in moist forest habitats from elevations of around sea level to 2.500 meters in the Andean and Guianian highlands. At least two species are present in mountain cloud forest and Atlantic forest of south east Brazil, and two other species in Caribbean lesser Antilles mountain cloud forest.
The species classified now in Endlicheria were previously spread over the lauraceae genera of ''[[Ampelodaphne]]'', ''[[Brassiodendron]]'', ''[[Goeppertia]]'', and ''[[Huberodaphne]]''. Traditionally, ''Endlicheria'' was placed near ''[[Aniba]]'' and the other of the Lauraceae with two locellate anthers.<ref>http://www.jstor.org/pss/4393929</ref>
The species classified now in Endlicheria were previously spread over the Lauraceae genera of ''[[Ampelodaphne]]'', ''[[Brassiodendron]]'', ''[[Goeppertia]]'', and ''[[Huberodaphne]]''. Traditionally, ''Endlicheria'' was placed near ''[[Aniba]]'' and the other of the Lauraceae with two locellate anthers.<ref>http://www.jstor.org/pss/4393929</ref>


''[[Rhodostemonodaphne]]'', with four-locellate anthers was classified with ''[[Nectandra]]'', but form a monophylogenetic genus close to ''Endlicheria''. The two genera form a group of approximately 100 known species.<ref>http://www.jstor.org/pss/4393929</ref>
''[[Rhodostemonodaphne]]'', with four locellate anthers, was classified with ''[[Nectandra]]'', but form a monophylogenetic genus close to ''Endlicheria''. The two genera form a group of approximately 100 known species.<ref>http://www.jstor.org/pss/4393929</ref>


== Characteristics ==
== Characteristics ==
Flowers bell-shaped, covered outside with hair-like (pubescent). Flower with 3 fertile stamens. Stamens of the third grade are fertile. Leaves congested at the apex of the branches, flowers in panicles with racemose endings, when present small dome over the fruit and single border. This genus is closely related to [[Licaria]] and [[Aiouea]].
Flowers bell-shaped, covered outside with hair-like (pubescent). Flower with three fertile stamens. Stamens of the third grade are fertile. Leaves congested at the apex of the branches, flowers in panicles with racemose endings, when present small dome over the fruit and single border. This genus is closely related to [[Licaria]] and [[Aiouea]].


They are [[dioecious]] Lauraceae trees sometimes over 30 m tall or more, others are shrubs. Some species are tomentoses. Evergreen lauroid leaves alternate with the apical mucro, or 'drip tip'. The leaves are elliptics with recurvated margins or narrow bullated. Some species are having pubescent leaves.<ref>http://www.jstor.org/pss/3392037</ref>
They are [[dioecious]] Lauraceae trees sometimes over {{nowrap|30 m}} tall or more; others are shrubs. Some species are tomentoses. Evergreen lauroid leaves alternate with the apical mucro, or 'drip tip'. The leaves are elliptics with recurvated margins or narrow bullated. Some species are having pubescent leaves.<ref>http://www.jstor.org/pss/3392037</ref>
The inflorescence are panicle with racemose terminations. The flowers are male or female.
The inflorescence are panicle with racemose terminations. The flowers are male or female.
Androecium with three stamens fertile, thinner filaments or undifferentiated anthers, anthers bilocelares.
Androecium with three stamens fertile, thinner filaments or undifferentiated anthers, anthers bilocelares.

Revision as of 17:02, 21 November 2012

Endlicheria
Endlicheria paniculata
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Magnoliids
Order:
Laurales
Family:
Lauraceae
Genus:
Endlicheria

Species

See text

Synonyms[1]

Endlicheria is a neotropical plant genus consisting of approximately 60 species, occurring mostly in northern South America and the Amazon region.

Overview

Endlicheria is a neotropical botanical genus with 60 species of flowering plants, shrubs and trees, mostly hardwood evergreen trees belonging to the family Lauraceae. Endlicheria is a South America-centered genus of the Ocotea complex. DNA molecular data shows that its members are nested within the Rhodostemonodaphne and Ocotea clade forming three closely related genera. Sixty species of Endlicheria are recognized. Two species are transferred to Rhodostemonodaphne. Nine infrageneric species groups are informally recognized in Endlicheria. Of these, the Endlicheria punctulata species group is closer to species of the Ocotea cernua species group than to its congeners, in both molecular and morphological aspects. Representatives of each of the eight remaining species groups are united with a diverse representation of Rhodostemonodaphne in a well-supported but unresolved clade. The Endlicheria-Rhodostemonodaphne relation is manifested. It is suggested that the two-locellate anthers that distinguish Endlicheria from Rhodostemonodaphne evolved repeatedly.[2] This genus has many high commercial value plant species that were supplied by wood industry, because there are many more studies on its distribution, biology and ecology, looking for timber.

Endlicheria species are extended mostly in the drainage area of the Amazon from South America, and low coast rainforest and mountain tropical forest in the Greater Antilles, Guianas, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, to the south of Brazil, and in the Andean cloud forest in tropical America. The species of Endlicheria occurs in moist forest habitats from elevations of around sea level to 2.500 meters in the Andean and Guianian highlands. At least two species are present in mountain cloud forest and Atlantic forest of south east Brazil, and two other species in Caribbean lesser Antilles mountain cloud forest. The species classified now in Endlicheria were previously spread over the Lauraceae genera of Ampelodaphne, Brassiodendron, Goeppertia, and Huberodaphne. Traditionally, Endlicheria was placed near Aniba and the other of the Lauraceae with two locellate anthers.[3]

Rhodostemonodaphne, with four locellate anthers, was classified with Nectandra, but form a monophylogenetic genus close to Endlicheria. The two genera form a group of approximately 100 known species.[4]

Characteristics

Flowers bell-shaped, covered outside with hair-like (pubescent). Flower with three fertile stamens. Stamens of the third grade are fertile. Leaves congested at the apex of the branches, flowers in panicles with racemose endings, when present small dome over the fruit and single border. This genus is closely related to Licaria and Aiouea.

They are dioecious Lauraceae trees sometimes over 30 m tall or more; others are shrubs. Some species are tomentoses. Evergreen lauroid leaves alternate with the apical mucro, or 'drip tip'. The leaves are elliptics with recurvated margins or narrow bullated. Some species are having pubescent leaves.[5] The inflorescence are panicle with racemose terminations. The flowers are male or female. Androecium with three stamens fertile, thinner filaments or undifferentiated anthers, anthers bilocelares.

Selected species

References

  1. ^ "Vascular Plant Families And Genera: List Of Genera In Lauraceae".
  2. ^ http://www.jstor.org/pss/4393929
  3. ^ http://www.jstor.org/pss/4393929
  4. ^ http://www.jstor.org/pss/4393929
  5. ^ http://www.jstor.org/pss/3392037

External links

Wikispecies has information related to Lauraceae.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lauraceae.


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