Cadaver and Brent Prismall: Difference between pages

Add links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Difference between pages)
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
m Reverted edits by 72.137.229.225 to last version by 134.36.68.234 (HG)
 
ItsNinty (talk | contribs)
43 edits
 
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Infobox afl player NEW
{{Articleissues
| image name= Brent Prismall playing for Geelong.JPG
| tone = December 2007
| playername = Brent Prismall
| unreferenced = October 2007
| OR = October 2007
| fullname = Brent Prismall
| image capt = Brent Prismall
| peacock = January 2008
| image =
|
| birthdate = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1986|7|14}}
}}
| birthplace =
| originalteam = Werribee / [[Western Jets|Western U18]]
| draftpick = 32<sup>nd</sup> overall, [[2004 AFL Draft|2004]] <br> [[Geelong Cats]]
| heightweight = 186 cm, 87 kg
| position =
| dead = alive
| deathdate =
| deathplace =
| currentclub = [[Essendon Football Club|Essendon]]
| guernsey = TBA
| years = 2005-2008<br />2009-
| clubs = [[Geelong Football Club|Geelong]]<br />[[Essendon Football Club|Essendon]]
| games(goals) = 25 (15)<br />0 (0)
| coach = notcoach
| coachingteams =
| statsend = Qualifying Final 1, 2008
| careerhighlights =
'''Geelong'''
* [[Geelong Football Club|Geelong]] NAB Cup 2006
* Best First-year Player 2006


'''Representative Honours'''
{{Otheruses}}
* Victoria Metro U18 2004
{{Redirect|Corpse}}


'''TAC Cup'''
A '''cadaver''' or '''corpse''' is a [[death|dead]] [[body]]. "Cadaver" is normally used as a more formal term for a body being used in medical training or research.
* Western Jets Runner-up Best & Fairest 2004
* TAC Cup Team of the Year 2004
}}


'''Brent "Prizz" Prismall''' (born 14 July 1986) is an [[Australian Rules Football]] player for the [[Essendon Football Club]]. He is an up-and-coming talent known for his calmness whilst under pressure and his smooth skills, particularly his kicking.
==Human decay==
{{main|Decomposition}}
Different stages of decomposition can help determine how long a body has been dead.
[[Image:Disderi 2.jpg|thumb|right|The corpses of Paris [[Communards]]]]


==Career==
The first stage is self digestion, also known as [[autolysis]]. This happens when the cells break down the body into elements the cells can eat; this creates a liquid that gets between the layers of skin and makes the skin peel off. During this stage, [[fly|flies]] (when present) start to lay eggs in the openings of the body: [[eyes]], [[navel]], open wounds, and other orifices. They then get under the skin and start to eat the body.
===Early Career===
Prismall grew up in [[Werribee, Victoria]], and was drafted from the [[Western Jets]] under 18. He was Geelong's first pick in the [[2004 AFL Draft|2004 draft]], pick 32 overall, and wears this number on his guernsey. The number 32 was made famous by Geelong superstar [[Garry Hocking]]. Prismall spent all of the 2005 season playing in the [[Victorian Football League|VFL]].


===2006 &ndash; present===
The second stage of decomposition is bloating; bacteria in the gut begin to break down the tissues of the body, releasing gas that accumulates in the intestines, which becomes trapped due to the early collapse of the [[small intestine]]. This bloating occurs largely in the abdomen, and sometimes in the mouth and genitals. The [[tongue]] may swell. This usually happens in about the second week of decomposition. Gas accumulation and bloating will continue until the body is decomposed sufficiently for the gas to escape.
At the start of 2006, he moved out of his Werribee home and moved to Geelong to live with teammates [[Corey Enright]] and [[Henry Playfair]], whom he would later go on to start a personal training organisation with. He then set his sights on playing a senior game for Geelong, and, after playing in the team that had earlier won the [[2006 NAB Cup|pre-season cup]], he was selected to play in round 5. Just minutes into his debut on the 29th of April on Saturday night against the [[Sydney Swans]], he broke his arm, which only allowed him to play eight games for the year.


After a solid pre-season, he played the first five games of [[2007 AFL season|2007]] before being omitted, and then broke his wrist whilst playing for the Geelong VFL side on Sunday, the 8th of July, 2007. As a result Prismall was unable to play for several weeks but recovered in time to play finals for the VFL side.
The third stage is [[putrefaction]]. It is the last and longest stage. Putrefaction is where the larger structures of the body break down, and tissues liquefy. The digestive organs, the brain, and lungs are the first to disintegrate. Under normal conditions, the organs are unidentifiable after three weeks. The muscles can be eaten by bacteria or devoured by carnivorous animals. Eventually all that remains is the [[skeleton]].


Despite his difficulties in consistently playing for Geelong, he shows strong signs of a bright future. On the 7th of September [[2008 AFL season|2008]], in just his 25th AFL game and his finals debut in the qualifying final against [[St Kilda Football Club|St Kilda]], he was stretchered off and did not return after landing awkwardly and badly injuring his right knee at the 17th minute mark of the first quarter. It was later confirmed that he will undergo a full knee reconstruction after scans revealed a ruptured [[anterior cruciate ligament]].
==Embalming==
When a corpse is buried the body will still eventually decompose by the actions of anaerobic bacteria. Corpses buried in coffins are usually [[embalming|embalmed]]. An embalmer may clean and shave the face, fill the eye sockets with cotton to make them appear full, and suture the jaw together to keep it from hanging open. Embalming fluid is then pumped into the body via an artery (commonly carotid). This rehydrate the tissues and severely reduces the pace of decomposition.


After the 2008 season, Prismall declined the new 2 year contract by Geelong and asked the club to be traded to get a better chance of playing more regularly in the AFL. On the final day of trade week, he was traded to the [[Essendon Football Club]] for national draft pick number 39. <ref> [http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/sport/afl/story/0,26576,24474975-19742,00.html] </ref>
Embalming is used to preserve the corpse temporarily, but may last for years. In some societies, make-up is applied to the corpse to make the body presentable for public presentation.


==Statistics==
==A brief history of cadavers==
: ''Statistics are correct as of 8 September 2008''
The methods of preserving cadavers, and their acquisition, have changed over the last 200 years. Criminals who were executed for their crimes were used as the first cadavers. The demand for cadavers increased when the number of criminals being executed decreased. Since corpses were in such high demand, some people decided to steal bodies from graves in order to keep the market supplied. From 1827 to 1828 in Scotland, murders were carried out, so that the bodies could be sold to medical schools for cash. These were known as the [[West Port murders]]. The [[Anatomy Act of 1832]] was formed and passed because of the murders. Cadavers used to be used when they were fresh, but that did not always work out, and it was hard to keep them preserved. Preservation was needed in order to carry out classes and lessons about the human body. Glutaraldehyde was the first main chemical used for embalming and preserving the body. [[Glutaraldehyde]] leaves a yellow stain in the tissues, which can interfere with observation and research. [[Formaldehyde]] is the chemical that is used as the main embalming chemical now. It is a colorless solution that maintains the tissue in its life-like texture and can keep the body well preserved for up to six weeks.


{| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; border-collapse:collapse;" width=72%
==Abusive cadaver use==
|- style="background:#C1D8FF;"
Human bodies and remains are being sold illegally all over the world without permission from deceased{{Fact|date=April 2008}}. In India, cadavers were illegaly sold to the medical college run by the Muslim Educational Society from the Kozhikode Government Medical College. At UCLA, Henry Reid and Ernest Nelson were found guilty of harvesting body parts and selling them to other companies from the Willed Body Program. When body parts are donated for organ transplants they are kept under strict regulations, which does not hold true for bodies and parts donated for research and educational purposes. In the case of Leigh Ajan, her mother’s body was sent to the Tulane University for research on kidney and heart diseases. Not long after arriving at Tulane University, she was sent to a brokerage for bodies. This brokerage usually sells the bodies to the U.S. Army to be used for [[land mine]] tests. Along with the U.S. Army, body parts have been sold to other companies and people instead of being cremated or buried. In Annie Cheney’s book she writes about bodies being sold from brokers to clients, such as scientists, pharmaceutical companies, and tissue banks. It is suspected that there are more cases of abuse gone undealt with or undiscovered, and more currently happening.
!width=3%|Season
!width=5%|Team
!width=2%|No.
!width=3%|Games
!width=3%|[[Laws of Australian football#Scoring|Goals]]
!width=3%|[[Laws of Australian football#Scoring|Behinds]]
!width=3%|Kicks
!width=3%|[[Mark (Australian football)|Marks]]
!width=3%|[[Handball (Australian rules football)|Handballs]]
!width=3%|Disposals


|- style="background:#F5FAFF;"
==Body snatching over the years==
|[[2006 AFL season|2006]]
But cadavers have not always been treated with the same respect they are given today. Before modern science cadavers were stolen from graves, relatives, and criminals to provide for science.
|Geelong
|32
|8
|4
|2
|72
|30
|34
|106


|- style="background:#F5FAFF;"
[[Herophilus]], the “father of anatomy”, lived in 300 BC in Alexandria, Egypt. He was the first physician to dissect bodies. According to rumor, he dissected live criminals.
|[[2007 AFL season|2007]]
|Geelong
|32
|5
|3
|3
|48
|23
|41
|89


|- style="background:#F5FAFF;"
The tradition of dissecting criminals was carried up into the eighteenth and nineteenth century when anatomy schools became popular in England and Scotland. At that time, Christians believed in the literal raising from the dead. Because the souls of dissected bodies could not go to heaven, people rarely offered their bodies to science. {{Fact|date=February 2008}} The only cadavers available were criminals', and anatomists were portrayed as no better than an executioner.
|'''[[2008 AFL season|2008]]'''
|Geelong
|32
|12
|8
|1
|110
|55
|147
|257


|- style="background:#EFEFEF;"
Anatomy schools began to steal bodies from graves. "Grave robbers" were technically people who stole jewelry from the deceased, but stealing the dead body was not a crime. Some anatomy instructors encouraged this "body snatching". Students sometimes paid tuition in corpses or dug up bodies as late night pranks.
!colspan=3|Totals
]
|'''25'''
Some respected anatomy instructors dug up bodies themselves. The anatomist [[Thomas Sewell]], who later became the personal physician for three U.S. presidents, was convicted in 1818 of digging up a corpse for dissection.
|'''15'''
|'''6'''
|'''230'''
|'''108'''
|'''222'''
|'''452'''
|}
<br>
{{start box}}
{{s-ach|aw}}
{{succession box|title=[[Geelong Football Club|Geelong Best First Year Player Award]]|before=[[Matthew Egan]]|after=[[Joel Selwood]]|years=2006}}
{{end box}}


==External links==
Anatomists would even dissect members of their own family. [[William Harvey]], the man famous for discovering the circulatory system, was so dedicated he dissected his father and sister.
*{{Geelplayer|ref=14236}}

*{{AflRleague|ref=B/Brent_Prismall.html}}
By 1828 anatomists were paying others to do the digging. At that time, London anatomy schools employed ten full time body snatchers and about two hundred part timer workers during the dissection season. This period ran from October to May, when the winter cold slowed down the decomposition of the bodies. A crew of six or seven could dig up about 312 bodies. The average body snatcher made about 1,000 dollars a year, ten times more than the average unskilled laborer of that time period, with summers off.

The poor were most vulnerable, because they could not afford coffins to keep the body snatchers out.

Disposing of the dissected body was difficult, and rumors have appeared about how the anatomist might have managed. They could have buried the cadavers out behind the school. Perhaps they gave the bodies to zoo keepers or fed the bodies to vultures kept specifically for this purpose. One colorful story has the anatomists making soap and candles to give away as gifts.

Stories appeared of people murdering for the money they could make off cadaver sales. Two of the most famous are that of Burke and Hare, and that of Bishop, May, and Williams.

* ''[[Burke and Hare]]'' — Burke and Hare ran a boardinghouse. When one of their tenants died, they brought him to Alexander Monro’s anatomy rooms in Edinburgh where they were paid seven pounds for the body. Realizing the possible profit, they supposedly murdered sixteen people over the next nine months and sold their bodies to different anatomists. They were eventually caught. Burke was found guilty, hanged, and publicly dissected. Hare escaped England where he worked as a plasterer’s apprentice until they found out who he was and threw him in a lime pit. He was blinded and begged on the streets for the rest of his life.

* ''Bishop, May and Williams'' — These body snatchers also killed three boys, ages ten, eleven and fourteen years old. The anatomist that they sold the cadavers to was suspicious. To delay their departure the anatomist said he needed to break a fifty pound note. He sent for the police who arrested the men. In Bishop's confession he stated, “I have followed the course of obtaining a lively hood as a body snatcher for twelve years, and have obtained and sold, I think from 500 to 1,000 bodies”

By the 1890s body snatching was less common and by the 20th century it had all but disappeared. Embalming and preservation of cadavers became more advanced and education in medical schools improved. Students no longer had to quickly dissect bodies before they decomposed. These dissections were orderly and complete. Improvements in medical school, including a graded curriculum, meant doctors were better educated. The medical profession received new esteem by diagnosing and healing more people. With that respect came a larger supply of cadavers, making body snatching almost non-existent.


==References==
==References==
* Roach, Mary. ''Stiff: The Curious Lives Of Human Cadavers.'' New York, NY: W.W. Norton and Company Inc., 2003.
* Shultz, Suzanne. ''Body Snatching The Robbing of Graves for the Education of Physicians.'' Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company Inc. 1992.
* Wright-St. Clair, R.E. Murder For Anatomy. ''New Zealand Medical Journal'' 60: 64-69, February 1961.


{{reflist}}
==See also==
*[[Anatomy Act 1832|Anatomy Act of 1832]]
*[[Dissection]]
*[[Autopsy]]
*[[Body Farm]]

==External links==
*[http://www.springerlink.com/content/g87248463118237t/ Cadaver Preservation and Dissection]
*[http://www.cnn.com/2004/LAW/03/10/cadaver.case/index.html Documents: Cadavers Netted Hundreds of Thousands]
*[http://www.issuesinmedicalethics.org/151br40.html Selling Bodies, Making Profits]
*[http://www.nccbuscc.org/nab/bible/matthew/matthew24.htm Matthew Chapter 4]
*[http://www.hindu.com/2004/07/28/stories/2004072805250500.htm Medicos Foil Bid to Sell Cadavers]
*[http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5637687 Origins of Exhibited Cadavers Questioned]
*[http://www.tweber.org/index_eng.htm Ph.D.thesis: Medial Depiction of Death]


{{2004 AFL Draft}}
[[Category:Undertaking]]
[[Category:Death]]


{{DEFAULTSORT:Prismall, Brent}}
[[gn:Tetekue]]
[[Category:Geelong Football Club players]]
[[ay:Amaya]]
[[de:Leiche]]
[[Category:1986 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[eo:Kadavro]]
[[fr:Cadavre]]
[[ko:시체]]
[[id:Jenazah]]
[[is:Nár]]
[[it:Cadavere]]
[[lt:Lavonas]]
[[nl:Kadaver]]
[[nds-nl:Kedaver]]
[[ru:Труп]]
[[scn:Catàvaru]]
[[sk:Mŕtvola]]
[[su:Layon]]
[[fi:Kalmo]]
[[th:ศพ]]

Revision as of 08:02, 11 October 2008

Brent Prismall
Personal information
Full name Brent Prismall
Original team(s) Werribee / Western U18
Draft 32nd overall, 2004
Geelong Cats
Height / weight 186 cm, 87 kg
Club information
Current club Essendon
Number TBA
Career highlights

Geelong

  • Geelong NAB Cup 2006
  • Best First-year Player 2006

Representative Honours

  • Victoria Metro U18 2004

TAC Cup

  • Western Jets Runner-up Best & Fairest 2004
  • TAC Cup Team of the Year 2004
Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com

Brent "Prizz" Prismall (born 14 July 1986) is an Australian Rules Football player for the Essendon Football Club. He is an up-and-coming talent known for his calmness whilst under pressure and his smooth skills, particularly his kicking.

Career

Early Career

Prismall grew up in Werribee, Victoria, and was drafted from the Western Jets under 18. He was Geelong's first pick in the 2004 draft, pick 32 overall, and wears this number on his guernsey. The number 32 was made famous by Geelong superstar Garry Hocking. Prismall spent all of the 2005 season playing in the VFL.

2006 – present

At the start of 2006, he moved out of his Werribee home and moved to Geelong to live with teammates Corey Enright and Henry Playfair, whom he would later go on to start a personal training organisation with. He then set his sights on playing a senior game for Geelong, and, after playing in the team that had earlier won the pre-season cup, he was selected to play in round 5. Just minutes into his debut on the 29th of April on Saturday night against the Sydney Swans, he broke his arm, which only allowed him to play eight games for the year.

After a solid pre-season, he played the first five games of 2007 before being omitted, and then broke his wrist whilst playing for the Geelong VFL side on Sunday, the 8th of July, 2007. As a result Prismall was unable to play for several weeks but recovered in time to play finals for the VFL side.

Despite his difficulties in consistently playing for Geelong, he shows strong signs of a bright future. On the 7th of September 2008, in just his 25th AFL game and his finals debut in the qualifying final against St Kilda, he was stretchered off and did not return after landing awkwardly and badly injuring his right knee at the 17th minute mark of the first quarter. It was later confirmed that he will undergo a full knee reconstruction after scans revealed a ruptured anterior cruciate ligament.

After the 2008 season, Prismall declined the new 2 year contract by Geelong and asked the club to be traded to get a better chance of playing more regularly in the AFL. On the final day of trade week, he was traded to the Essendon Football Club for national draft pick number 39. [1]

Statistics

Statistics are correct as of 8 September 2008
Season Team No. Games Goals Behinds Kicks Marks Handballs Disposals
2006 Geelong 32 8 4 2 72 30 34 106
2007 Geelong 32 5 3 3 48 23 41 89
2008 Geelong 32 12 8 1 110 55 147 257
Totals 25 15 6 230 108 222 452


Awards
Preceded by Geelong Best First Year Player Award
2006 		Succeeded by

External links

References

  1. ^ [1]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cadaver&oldid=244531810"