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[[File:Geodimeter 8 control panel.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Operator controls and sight of a Geodimeter]] |
[[File:Geodimeter 8 control panel.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Operator controls and sight of a Geodimeter]] |
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The '''Geodimeter''' (acronym of '''geodetic distance meter''') was the first optical [[electronic distance meter]] [[surveying instrument]]. |
The '''Geodimeter''' (acronym of '''geodetic distance meter''') was the first optical [[electronic distance meter]] [[surveying instrument]].{{sfn|Rüeger|2012|p=15}}{{sfn|Bergstrand|1952}} |
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It was originally developed for [[Speed of light#Measurement|measuring the speed of light]]. |
It was originally developed for [[Speed of light#Measurement|measuring the speed of light]].{{sfn|Froome|Essen|1969}}{{sfn|Bergstrand|1950}} |
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It was invented in |
It was invented in 1947 by {{ill|Erik Osten Bergstrand|sv|Erik Bergstrand (fysiker)}} and commercialized in 1953 by the [[AGA AB|AGA]] (''Aktiebolaget Gasaccumulator'') company of Sweden.{{sfn|Laurila|1960|p=194}}<ref name="AGA 2014">{{cite web | title=AGA Geodimeter | website=AGA Museum | date=2014-10-03 | url=http://www.aga-museum.nl/page/aga-geodimeter-nasm-2a | access-date=2020-09-24}}</ref> |
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It was used in the [[Transcontinental Traverse]]. |
It was used in the [[Transcontinental Traverse]]. |
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The Geodimeter business was acquired by SpectraPrecision which was acquired by [[Trimble Inc]].{{cn|date=September 2022}} |
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==Electronic mechanism== |
==Electronic mechanism== |
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The mechanism uses a [[Kerr cell]] in an optical train that chops a collimated |
The mechanism uses a [[Kerr cell]] in an [[optical train]] that chops a [[collimated beam]] of light under the control of a precision [[electronic oscillator]] in the [[megahertz]] range.{{sfn|Poling|1959}} It is similar in principle to the mechanical chopper in [[Fizeau's measurement of the speed of light in air]] that used a toothed wheel.<ref>{{citation|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|title=EDM (Geodimeter Model 2A)|work=Database: Physical Sciences Collection - Surveying and Geodesy|date=4 August 2015 |id=catalog number 1998.3094.01|url=https://amhistory.si.edu/surveying/object.cfm?recordnumber=748815|access-date=2018-05-02}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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===Sources=== |
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*{{cite journal | last=Bergstrand | first=Erik | title=Velocity of Light | journal=Nature | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | volume=165 | issue=4193 | year=1950 | issn=0028-0836 | doi=10.1038/165405a0 | page=405| bibcode=1950Natur.165..405B | s2cid=4281189 | doi-access=free }} |
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*{{cite journal|last1=Bergstrand|first1=Erik|title=Distance measuring by means of modulated light|journal=Bulletin Géodésique|volume=24|issue=1|year=1952|pages=243–249|issn=0007-4632|doi=10.1007/BF02526937|bibcode=1952BGeod..26..243B|s2cid=121587208}} |
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*{{cite book|title=Geodimeter Manual|first=Austin C.|last=Poling|publisher=U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey|id=Publication 62-2|year=1959|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=GdMGb4zyvTsC}} |
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*{{citation|chapter=Geodimeter|pages=194–203|title=Electronic Surveying and Mapping: Part 1, Fundamentals of Electronic Surveying|first=Simo|last=Laurila|year=1960|publisher=Institute of Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography, The Ohio State University|hdl=2027/uiug.30112007333120|oclc=58011617|chapter-url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uiug.30112007333120|via=[[HathiTrust]] |accessdate=May 6, 2021}} |
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*{{cite book | last1=Froome | first1=K.D. | last2=Essen | first2=L. | title=The Velocity of Light and Radio Waves | publisher=Academic Press | year=1969 | isbn=9780122428500 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a7fvAAAAMAAJ | access-date=2020-09-24 }} |
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*{{cite book | last=Rüeger | first=J.M. | title=Electronic Distance Measurement: An Introduction | publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg | year=2012 | isbn=978-3-642-80233-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QNytBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT15 | access-date=2020-09-24 | page=15}} |
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==Further reading== |
==Further reading== |
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*{{citation|title=The Geodimeter and Tellurometer|first=Austin C. |last=Poling|publisher=American Society of Civil Engineers|doi=10.1061/JSUEAX.0000024|journal=Journal of the Surveying and Mapping Division|volume=84|issue=1|date=April 1958}} |
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*{{citation|last=Rimington|first=George Robert Lindsay |year=1956|title=Introduction to the Geodimeter|journal=[[Cartography (journal)|Cartography]]|volume=1|number=3|date=March 1956|pages=120–124|url=http://www.xnatmap.org/adnm/docs/2013/aganasm/geod+intro.html|archive-url=https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20150629231721/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/166632/20180227-0206/www.xnatmap.org/adnm/docs/2013/aganasm/geod+intro.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-06-29|via=[[Pandora Archive]]}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} |
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| ⚫ | |||
*{{citation|publisher=Government of Australia|via=[[Pandora Archive]]|title=NATMAP's Introduction of Electronic Distance Measuring to Australia - Sixty Years On|first=Paul |last=Wise|year=2014|url=http://www.xnatmap.org/adnm/docs/2013/aganasm/nasm.html|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20180226150600/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/166632/20180227-0206/www.xnatmap.org/adnm/docs/2013/aganasm/nasm.html|archive-date=2018-02-26}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* [https://celebrating200years.noaa.gov/distance_tools/aga_gm6.html AGA Geodimeter Model 6] (''Going the Distance: A Photo Collection Illustrating the History of Distance Measurement Tools at the [[National Geodetic Survey]]'') |
* [https://celebrating200years.noaa.gov/distance_tools/aga_gm6.html AGA Geodimeter Model 6] (''Going the Distance: A Photo Collection Illustrating the History of Distance Measurement Tools at the [[National Geodetic Survey]]'') |
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[[Category:20th-century inventions]] |
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[[Category:Surveying instruments]] |
[[Category:Surveying instruments]] |
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[[Category:Swedish inventions]] |
[[Category:Swedish inventions]] |
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{{Measurement-stub}} |
{{Measurement-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 20:14, 1 September 2023
The Geodimeter (acronym of geodetic distance meter) was the first optical electronic distance meter surveying instrument.[1][2] It was originally developed for measuring the speed of light.[3][4] It was invented in 1947 by Erik Osten Bergstrand and commercialized in 1953 by the AGA (Aktiebolaget Gasaccumulator) company of Sweden.[5][6] It was used in the Transcontinental Traverse.
The Geodimeter business was acquired by SpectraPrecision which was acquired by Trimble Inc.[citation needed]
Electronic mechanism[edit]
The mechanism uses a Kerr cell in an optical train that chops a collimated beam of light under the control of a precision electronic oscillator in the megahertz range.[7] It is similar in principle to the mechanical chopper in Fizeau's measurement of the speed of light in air that used a toothed wheel.[8]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Rüeger 2012, p. 15.
- ^ Bergstrand 1952.
- ^ Froome & Essen 1969.
- ^ Bergstrand 1950.
- ^ Laurila 1960, p. 194.
- ^ "AGA Geodimeter". AGA Museum. 2014-10-03. Retrieved 2020-09-24.
- ^ Poling 1959.
- ^ "EDM (Geodimeter Model 2A)", Database: Physical Sciences Collection - Surveying and Geodesy, Smithsonian Institution, 4 August 2015, catalog number 1998.3094.01, retrieved 2018-05-02
Sources[edit]
- Bergstrand, Erik (1950). "Velocity of Light". Nature. 165 (4193). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 405. Bibcode:1950Natur.165..405B. doi:10.1038/165405a0. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 4281189.
- Bergstrand, Erik (1952). "Distance measuring by means of modulated light". Bulletin Géodésique. 24 (1): 243–249. Bibcode:1952BGeod..26..243B. doi:10.1007/BF02526937. ISSN 0007-4632. S2CID 121587208.
- Poling, Austin C. (1959). Geodimeter Manual. U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. Publication 62-2.
- Laurila, Simo (1960), "Geodimeter", Electronic Surveying and Mapping: Part 1, Fundamentals of Electronic Surveying, Institute of Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography, The Ohio State University, pp. 194–203, hdl:2027/uiug.30112007333120, OCLC 58011617, retrieved May 6, 2021 – via HathiTrust
- Froome, K.D.; Essen, L. (1969). The Velocity of Light and Radio Waves. Academic Press. ISBN 9780122428500. Retrieved 2020-09-24.
- Rüeger, J.M. (2012). Electronic Distance Measurement: An Introduction. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 15. ISBN 978-3-642-80233-1. Retrieved 2020-09-24.
Further reading[edit]
- Poling, Austin C. (April 1958), "The Geodimeter and Tellurometer", Journal of the Surveying and Mapping Division, 84 (1), American Society of Civil Engineers, doi:10.1061/JSUEAX.0000024
- Rimington, George Robert Lindsay (March 1956), "Introduction to the Geodimeter", Cartography, 1 (3): 120–124, archived from the original on 2015-06-29 – via Pandora Archive
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - Smith, J.R. (1998), The History of Geodimeter (PDF), Sweden: Spectra Precision, 07-98 Publ. No. 571 710 000
- Wise, Paul (2014), NATMAP's Introduction of Electronic Distance Measuring to Australia - Sixty Years On, Government of Australia, archived from the original on 2018-02-26 – via Pandora Archive
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
External links[edit]
- AGA Geodimeter Model 6 (Going the Distance: A Photo Collection Illustrating the History of Distance Measurement Tools at the National Geodetic Survey)
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