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==Electronic mechanism== |
==Electronic mechanism== |
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The mechanism uses a [[Kerr cell]] in an [[optical train]] that chops a [[collimated beam]] of light under the control of a precision [[electronic oscillator]] in the [[megahertz]] range.{{sfn|Poling|1959}} It is similar in principle to the mechanical chopper in [[Fizeau's measurement of the speed of light in air]] that used a toothed wheel.<ref>{{citation|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|title=EDM (Geodimeter Model 2A)|work=Database: Physical Sciences Collection - Surveying and Geodesy|id=catalog number 1998.3094.01|url=https://amhistory.si.edu/surveying/object.cfm?recordnumber=748815|access-date=2018-05-02}}</ref> |
The mechanism uses a [[Kerr cell]] in an [[optical train]] that chops a [[collimated beam]] of light under the control of a precision [[electronic oscillator]] in the [[megahertz]] range.{{sfn|Poling|1959}} It is similar in principle to the mechanical chopper in [[Fizeau's measurement of the speed of light in air]] that used a toothed wheel.<ref>{{citation|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|title=EDM (Geodimeter Model 2A)|work=Database: Physical Sciences Collection - Surveying and Geodesy|date=4 August 2015 |id=catalog number 1998.3094.01|url=https://amhistory.si.edu/surveying/object.cfm?recordnumber=748815|access-date=2018-05-02}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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===Sources=== |
===Sources=== |
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*{{cite journal | last=Bergstrand | first=Erik | title=Velocity of Light | journal=Nature | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | volume=165 | issue=4193 | year=1950 | issn=0028-0836 | doi=10.1038/165405a0 | page=405| bibcode=1950Natur.165..405B | s2cid=4281189 }} |
*{{cite journal | last=Bergstrand | first=Erik | title=Velocity of Light | journal=Nature | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | volume=165 | issue=4193 | year=1950 | issn=0028-0836 | doi=10.1038/165405a0 | page=405| bibcode=1950Natur.165..405B | s2cid=4281189 | doi-access=free }} |
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*{{cite journal|last1=Bergstrand|first1=Erik|title=Distance measuring by means of modulated light|journal=Bulletin Géodésique|volume=24|issue=1|year=1952|pages=243–249|issn=0007-4632|doi=10.1007/BF02526937|bibcode=1952BGeod..26..243B|s2cid=121587208}} |
*{{cite journal|last1=Bergstrand|first1=Erik|title=Distance measuring by means of modulated light|journal=Bulletin Géodésique|volume=24|issue=1|year=1952|pages=243–249|issn=0007-4632|doi=10.1007/BF02526937|bibcode=1952BGeod..26..243B|s2cid=121587208}} |
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*{{cite book|title=Geodimeter Manual|first=Austin C.|last=Poling|publisher=U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey|id=Publication 62-2|year=1959|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=GdMGb4zyvTsC}} |
*{{cite book|title=Geodimeter Manual|first=Austin C.|last=Poling|publisher=U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey|id=Publication 62-2|year=1959|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=GdMGb4zyvTsC}} |
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Latest revision as of 20:14, 1 September 2023
The Geodimeter (acronym of geodetic distance meter) was the first optical electronic distance meter surveying instrument.[1][2] It was originally developed for measuring the speed of light.[3][4] It was invented in 1947 by Erik Osten Bergstrand and commercialized in 1953 by the AGA (Aktiebolaget Gasaccumulator) company of Sweden.[5][6] It was used in the Transcontinental Traverse.
The Geodimeter business was acquired by SpectraPrecision which was acquired by Trimble Inc.[citation needed]
Electronic mechanism[edit]
The mechanism uses a Kerr cell in an optical train that chops a collimated beam of light under the control of a precision electronic oscillator in the megahertz range.[7] It is similar in principle to the mechanical chopper in Fizeau's measurement of the speed of light in air that used a toothed wheel.[8]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Rüeger 2012, p. 15.
- ^ Bergstrand 1952.
- ^ Froome & Essen 1969.
- ^ Bergstrand 1950.
- ^ Laurila 1960, p. 194.
- ^ "AGA Geodimeter". AGA Museum. 2014-10-03. Retrieved 2020-09-24.
- ^ Poling 1959.
- ^ "EDM (Geodimeter Model 2A)", Database: Physical Sciences Collection - Surveying and Geodesy, Smithsonian Institution, 4 August 2015, catalog number 1998.3094.01, retrieved 2018-05-02
Sources[edit]
- Bergstrand, Erik (1950). "Velocity of Light". Nature. 165 (4193). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 405. Bibcode:1950Natur.165..405B. doi:10.1038/165405a0. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 4281189.
- Bergstrand, Erik (1952). "Distance measuring by means of modulated light". Bulletin Géodésique. 24 (1): 243–249. Bibcode:1952BGeod..26..243B. doi:10.1007/BF02526937. ISSN 0007-4632. S2CID 121587208.
- Poling, Austin C. (1959). Geodimeter Manual. U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. Publication 62-2.
- Laurila, Simo (1960), "Geodimeter", Electronic Surveying and Mapping: Part 1, Fundamentals of Electronic Surveying, Institute of Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography, The Ohio State University, pp. 194–203, hdl:2027/uiug.30112007333120, OCLC 58011617, retrieved May 6, 2021 – via HathiTrust
- Froome, K.D.; Essen, L. (1969). The Velocity of Light and Radio Waves. Academic Press. ISBN 9780122428500. Retrieved 2020-09-24.
- Rüeger, J.M. (2012). Electronic Distance Measurement: An Introduction. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 15. ISBN 978-3-642-80233-1. Retrieved 2020-09-24.
Further reading[edit]
- Poling, Austin C. (April 1958), "The Geodimeter and Tellurometer", Journal of the Surveying and Mapping Division, 84 (1), American Society of Civil Engineers, doi:10.1061/JSUEAX.0000024
- Rimington, George Robert Lindsay (March 1956), "Introduction to the Geodimeter", Cartography, 1 (3): 120–124, archived from the original on 2015-06-29 – via Pandora Archive
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - Smith, J.R. (1998), The History of Geodimeter (PDF), Sweden: Spectra Precision, 07-98 Publ. No. 571 710 000
- Wise, Paul (2014), NATMAP's Introduction of Electronic Distance Measuring to Australia - Sixty Years On, Government of Australia, archived from the original on 2018-02-26 – via Pandora Archive
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
External links[edit]
- AGA Geodimeter Model 6 (Going the Distance: A Photo Collection Illustrating the History of Distance Measurement Tools at the National Geodetic Survey)
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