Abdul Sattar (diplomat) and Madagascar fish eagle: Difference between pages

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{{Taxobox
{{dablink|There are multiple individuals named [[Abdul Sattar]].}}
| name = Madagascar Fish-eagle
<div/>
| status = CR | status_system = IUCN3.1
| trend = down
| image = Madagascarfisheagle.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordata]]
| classis = [[Aves]]
| ordo = [[Falconiformes]]
| familia = [[Accipitridae]]
| genus = ''[[Haliaeetus]]''
| species = '''''H. vociferoides'''''
| binomial = ''Haliaeetus vociferoides''
| binomial_authority = [[Marc Athanese Parfait Oeillet Des Murs|Des Murs]], 1845
}}


The '''Madagascar Fish-eagle''' ('''''Haliaeetus vociferoides'''''<ref>
'''Abdul Sattar''' was the [[Foreign Minister of Pakistan]] from [[1999]] to [[2002]]. He also served as the foreign minister for three months in [[Moin Qureshi]]'s caretaker Cabinet in [[1993]]. He was a career diplomat who served as the ambassador to [[Austria]] (1975-78), [[India]] (1978-82 and 1990-92) and to the [[Soviet Union]] (1988-90). Among the important posts he held in the foreign office were director, director general and additional secretary for Asia between 1982 and 1986, and as [[Foreign Secretary of Pakistan|foreign secretary]] from 1986 to 1988. He resigned from foreign ministry for health reasons in June 2002.
'''[[Etymology]]''': ''Haliaeetus'', [[New Latin]] for "sea-eagle". ''vociferoides'', from [[Latin]] ''vocifer'', the [[specific name]] of the African Fish-eagle + ''-oides'', "likeness of". This is in allusion to the conspicuous yelping calls which, when sitting, are given with the head fully thrown to the back, a peculiarity found among sea-eagles only in this and the African species.</ref>) or '''Madagascar Sea-eagle''' (to distinguish it from the ''Ichthyophaga'' fishing-eagles), is a large [[bird of prey]] in the family [[Accipitridae]] which also includes many other diurnal [[Bird of prey|raptor]]s such as [[kite (bird)|kite]]s, [[buzzard]]s and [[harrier (bird)|harrier]]s. The range of this eagle is within the [[Madagascar dry deciduous forests]]. It is a medium-sized sea-eagle, 70-80 cm (28-32 in) long and with a wingspan of 200 cm (79 in). The body and wings are dark brown, with a pale brown head and a white tail; the bill is blackish with a paler base, and the legs are pale grey.<ref name=hbw>del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., & Sargatal, J., eds. (1994). ''Handbook of the Birds of the World'' Vol. 2. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona ISBN 84-87334-15-6.</ref> Males weigh 2.2-2.6 kg (4.8-5.7 lbs), while the slightly larger female weighs 2.8-3.5 kg (6.2-7.7 lbs).<ref>http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/birds/Haliaeetus_vociferoides/more_info.html?section=factsAndStatus</ref>


Its closest relative is the [[African Fish-eagle]], ''Haliaeetus vocifer''. Together, they form a distinct [[species pair]] lineage of sea-eagles, which separated soon after the divergence of the genus; they retain the ancestral dark beak, talon, and eye, but as opposed to other ''Haliaeetus'' species, their tails are always at least partially white even in juveniles. Like in other sea-eagle species pairs, one species (the Madagascar Fish-eagle in this case) has a tan head, while the other has a white one.<ref name=hbw/>
Mr Abdul Sattar, is currently closely associated with [[Pakistan Observer]] News.


This [[species]] is endemic to [[Madagascar]], where it survives in low numbers along the west coast. The main threats to its breeding habitat are [[deforestation]], [[soil erosion]] and the development of wetland areas for rice-paddies. It is also in direct competition with humans for fish stocks.
{{start box}}
{{s-dip}}
{{succession box |title=[[Foreign Secretary of Pakistan]]|
years=[[1986]] - [[1988]]|
before=Niaz A. Naik|
after=Humayun Khan}}
|-
{{s-off}}
{{succession box |title=[[Foreign Minister of Pakistan]] (caretaker)|
years=[[23 July]], [[1993]] - [[19 October]], [[1993]]|
before=[[Siddiq Khan Kanju]] (State Minister)|
after=[[Farooq Leghari]]}}

{{succession box |title=[[Foreign Minister of Pakistan]]|
years=[[6 November]], [[1999]] - [[14 June]], [[2002]]|
before=[[Sartaj Aziz]]|
after=[[Inam-ul-Haq]] (State minister)}}
{{end}}


==Distribution==
This species is considered confined to the northwest coast of Madagascar north of [[Morondava]].<ref>[http://www.unep-wcmc.org/species/data/species_sheets/fisheagl.htm United Nations Environment Programme: Madagascar Fish Eagle]</ref>: The principal locus of population according to the United Nations Environmental Programme is in the [[Analova]] region; 20 to 25 breeding pairs were there as of the 1980s. A more recent survey by Garbutt and Hogan report a smaller concentration of at least three breeding pairs in the [[Anjajavy Forest]] along the [[Indian Ocean]], where several streams discharge north of [[Anjajavy Village]].<ref>[http://www.luminatechnologies.org/luminawws.html Nick Garbutt, C. Michael Hogan, Hilton Hastings, Wendy Pollecutt, Tahiana Andriaharimalala, ''Anjajavy, the village and the forest'', Lumina Technologies, May 12, 2006]</ref> Total population estimates from the United Nations and from Grambo <ref>Rebecca L. Grambo, "Eagles" (1999) Published by Voyageur Press, Inc.</ref> place the world population of this species at about 40 breeding pairs; according to Grambo this bird may be one of the rarest birds on Earth. Other surveys between 1991 and 1995 recorded at least 222 adults from 105 sites, with an estimated 99 breeding pairs.


==References==
==References==
<references/>
[http://www.freelists.org/archives/news/06-2002/msg00012.html Balochistan Post]
* {{IUCN2006|assessors='''BirdLife International'''|year=2004|id=9653|title=Haliaeetus vociferoides|downloaded=06 May 2006}} Database entry includes a range map, a brief justification of why this species is critically endangered, and the criteria used
*[http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=3362&m=0 BirdLife Species Factsheet]


⚫
[[Category:Eagles]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sehgal, Abdul Sattar}}
[[Category:Foreign Ministers of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Haliaeetus]]
[[Category:Foreign Secretaries of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Birds of prey]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
⚫
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Pakistani diplomats]]


[[es:Haliaeetus vociferoides]]
{{Pakistan-politician-stub}}
[[fr:Pygargue de Madagascar]]
[[it:Haliaeetus vociferoides]]
[[hu:Madagaszkári rétisas]]
[[pl:Bielik madagaskarski]]
[[fi:Madagaskarinmerikotka]]
[[zh:马达加斯加海雕]]

Revision as of 10:32, 10 October 2008

Madagascar Fish-eagle
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Aves
Order:
Falconiformes
Family:
Accipitridae
Genus:
Haliaeetus
Species:
H. vociferoides
Binomial name
Haliaeetus vociferoides
Des Murs, 1845

The Madagascar Fish-eagle (Haliaeetus vociferoides[1]) or Madagascar Sea-eagle (to distinguish it from the Ichthyophaga fishing-eagles), is a large bird of prey in the family Accipitridae which also includes many other diurnal raptors such as kites, buzzards and harriers. The range of this eagle is within the Madagascar dry deciduous forests. It is a medium-sized sea-eagle, 70-80 cm (28-32 in) long and with a wingspan of 200 cm (79 in). The body and wings are dark brown, with a pale brown head and a white tail; the bill is blackish with a paler base, and the legs are pale grey.[2] Males weigh 2.2-2.6 kg (4.8-5.7 lbs), while the slightly larger female weighs 2.8-3.5 kg (6.2-7.7 lbs).[3]

Its closest relative is the African Fish-eagle, Haliaeetus vocifer. Together, they form a distinct species pair lineage of sea-eagles, which separated soon after the divergence of the genus; they retain the ancestral dark beak, talon, and eye, but as opposed to other Haliaeetus species, their tails are always at least partially white even in juveniles. Like in other sea-eagle species pairs, one species (the Madagascar Fish-eagle in this case) has a tan head, while the other has a white one.[2]

This species is endemic to Madagascar, where it survives in low numbers along the west coast. The main threats to its breeding habitat are deforestation, soil erosion and the development of wetland areas for rice-paddies. It is also in direct competition with humans for fish stocks.

Distribution

This species is considered confined to the northwest coast of Madagascar north of Morondava.[4]: The principal locus of population according to the United Nations Environmental Programme is in the Analova region; 20 to 25 breeding pairs were there as of the 1980s. A more recent survey by Garbutt and Hogan report a smaller concentration of at least three breeding pairs in the Anjajavy Forest along the Indian Ocean, where several streams discharge north of Anjajavy Village.[5] Total population estimates from the United Nations and from Grambo [6] place the world population of this species at about 40 breeding pairs; according to Grambo this bird may be one of the rarest birds on Earth. Other surveys between 1991 and 1995 recorded at least 222 adults from 105 sites, with an estimated 99 breeding pairs.

References

  1. ^ Etymology: Haliaeetus, New Latin for "sea-eagle". vociferoides, from Latin vocifer, the specific name of the African Fish-eagle + -oides, "likeness of". This is in allusion to the conspicuous yelping calls which, when sitting, are given with the head fully thrown to the back, a peculiarity found among sea-eagles only in this and the African species.
  2. ^ a b del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., & Sargatal, J., eds. (1994). Handbook of the Birds of the World Vol. 2. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona ISBN 84-87334-15-6.
  3. ^ http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/birds/Haliaeetus_vociferoides/more_info.html?section=factsAndStatus
  4. ^ United Nations Environment Programme: Madagascar Fish Eagle
  5. ^ Nick Garbutt, C. Michael Hogan, Hilton Hastings, Wendy Pollecutt, Tahiana Andriaharimalala, Anjajavy, the village and the forest, Lumina Technologies, May 12, 2006
  6. ^ Rebecca L. Grambo, "Eagles" (1999) Published by Voyageur Press, Inc.
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