List of Cthulhu Mythos books and Anodic stripping voltammetry: Difference between pages
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[[Image:Linear Potential Sweep Anodic Stripping Voltammetry.JPG|right|400px|thumb|'''A:''' Cleaning step, '''B:''' Electroplating step, '''C:''' Equilibration step, '''D:''' Stripping step]] |
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{{book-in-universe}} |
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'''Anodic stripping voltammetry''' is a voltammetric method for quantitative determination of specific ionic species. The [[analyte]] of interest is [[electroplating|electroplated]] on the [[working electrode]] during a deposition step, and [[oxidized]] from the electrode during the stripping step. The current is measured during the stripping step. The oxidation of species is registered as a peak in the current signal at the potential at which the species begins to be oxidized. The stripping step can be either [[Linear sweep voltammetry| linear]], [[Staircase voltammetry| staircase]], [[Squarewave voltammetry| squarewave]], or pulse. |
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==Electrochemical Cell Set-Up== |
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Many [[fictional book|fictional works]] of '''arcane literature''' appear in the [[Cthulhu Mythos]]. The most prominent is the ''[[Necronomicon]]'', the creation of [[H. P. Lovecraft]]. This text and others appear in the works of numerous mythos authors (who themselves added their own [[grimoire]]s to the literary arcana), including [[August Derleth]], [[Lin Carter]], [[Brian Lumley]], [[Ramsey Campbell]], and [[Clark Ashton Smith]]. |
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Anodic stripping voltammetry usually incorporates three electrodes, a [[working electrode]], [[auxiliary electrode]] (sometimes called the counter electrode), and [[reference electrode]]. The [[solution]] being analyzed usually has an [[electrolyte]] added to it. For most standard tests, the working electrode is a [[mercury (element)|mercury]] film electrode. The mercury film forms an [[amalgam]] with the analyte of interest, which upon oxidation results in a sharp peak, improving resolution between analytes. The mercury film is formed over a [[glassy carbon]] electrode. A mercury drop electrode has also been used for much the same reasons. In cases were the analyte of interest has an oxidizing potential above that of mercury, or where a mercury electrode would be otherwise unsuitable, a solid, inert metal such as [[silver]], [[gold]], or [[platinum]] may also be used. |
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__NOTOC__ |
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{|style="background:#efefef; border:1px solid #aaa;" |
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|rowspan=2|'''Contents:''' |
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|[[#B|B]] [[#C|C]] [[#D|D]] [[#E|E]] [[#G|G]] [[#K|K]] [[#N|N]] [[#O|O]] [[#P|P]] [[#R|R]] [[#S|S]] [[#T|T]] [[#U|U]] [[#Z|Z]] |
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|- |
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|[[#See also|See also]]—[[#References|References]]—[[#Notes|Notes]]—[[#External links|External links]] |
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|} |
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== |
==Steps== |
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Anodic stripping voltammetry usually incorporates 4 steps if the working electrode is a mercury film or mercury drop electrode and the solution incorporates stirring. The solution is stirred during the first two steps at a repeatable rate. The first step is a cleaning step; in the cleaning step, the potential is held at a more oxidizing potential than the analyte of interest for a period of time in order to fully remove it from the electrode. In the second step, the potential is held at a lower potential, low enough to reduce the analyte and deposit it on the electrode. After the second step, the stirring is stopped, and the electrode is kept at the lower potential. The purpose of this third step is to allow the deposited material to distribute more evenly in the mercury. If a solid inert electrode is used, this step is unnecessary. The last step involves raising the working electrode to a higher potential (anodic), and stripping (oxidizing), the analyte. As the analyte is oxidized, it gives off electrons which are measured as a current. |
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===Book of Eibon=== |
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==Sensitivity== |
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<blockquote> |
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Anodic stripping voltammetry can detect μg/l concentrations of analyte. |
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. . . ''The Book of Eibon'', that strangest and rarest of occult forgotten volumes ... is said to have come down through a series of manifold translations from a prehistoric original written in the lost language of [[Hyperborean cycle|Hyperborea]]. |
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<br>—Clark Ashton Smith, "Ubbo-Sathla" |
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</blockquote> |
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The ''Book of Eibon'', or ''Liber Ivonis'' or ''Livre d'Eibon'', is attributed to [[Clark Ashton Smith]]. It appears in a number of Lovecraft's stories, such as "The Haunter Of The Dark" (''Liber Ivonis''), "Dreams in the Witch-House" (''Book of Eibon'') and "The Shadow Out of Time" (''Book of Eibon''). |
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The book was written by [[Hyperborean cycle#Eibon|Eibon]], a [[Wizard (fantasy)|wizard]] in the land of Hyperborea. It was an immense text of arcane knowledge that contained, among other things, a detailed account of Eibon's exploits, including his journeys to the [[Underworld (Dreamlands)#Vale of Pnath|Vale of Pnath]] and the [[planet]] [[Cthulhu Mythos celestial bodies#Shaggai|Shaggai]], his veneration rituals of [[Tsathoggua|Zhothaqquah]] (Eibon's patron deity), and his magical formulae—such as for the slaying of certain otherworldly horrors. Unfortunately, only incomplete fragments of the original are thought to exist, though there are translations in [[English language|English]], [[French language|French]], and [[Latin]]—''Liber Ivonis'' is the title of the Latin translation.<ref>Harms, "Book of Eibon", ''The Encyclopedia Cthulhiana'', pp. 30–3.</ref> |
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{{CthuRefBox|AG, AN, AX, BA, CW, DW, HA, [[The Haunter of the Dark|HD]], LE, RB, PW, S5, TN, '''UB''', VP, XM, YL}} |
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* See also [[Cthulhu Mythos in popular culture#Book of Eibon|Book of Eibon in popular culture]] |
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===Book of Iod=== |
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The ''Book of Iod'' was created by [[Henry Kuttner]] and first appeared in his short story "Bells of Horror" (as Keith Hammond; [[1939 in literature|1939]]). The original Book of Iod, of which only one copy exists, is written in the "Ancient Tongue", possibly a combination of [[Greek language|Greek]] and [[Coptic language|Coptic]]. Although its origin is unknown, the book may have been written by the mysterious author "Khut-Nah," which sounds remarkably like Kuttner. The Book of Iod contains details about Iod, the Shining Hunter, Vorvados, and [[Great Old One compendium#Zushakon|Zuchequon]]. The [[The Huntington|Huntington Library]] of [[San Marino, California]] is said to hold an expurgated translation, possibly in [[Latin]], by Johann Negus.<ref>Harms, "Book of Iod", ''The Encyclopedia Cthulhiana'', p. 33.</ref> |
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''The Book of Iod'' was also the title of a short-story collection published by [[Chaosium]] in 1995, containing ten Cthulhu Mythos stories by Kuttner along with three related stories by Kuttner and [[Robert Bloch]], [[Lin Carter]], and [[Robert M. Price]]. It is in a trade paperback format with 204 pages. Price also wrote the introduction and notes on each of the stories. |
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The contents are: |
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<dl> |
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<dt> |
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<dd> |
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<ul> |
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<li> The Khut-N’hah Mythos - Robert M. Price (introduction)<br></li> |
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<li> The Secret of Kralitz <br></li> |
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<li> The Eater of Souls<br></li> |
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<li> The Salem Horror<br></li> |
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<li> The Black Kiss - Robert Bloch & Henry Kuttner<br></li> |
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<li> The Jest of Droom-Avista<br></li> |
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<li> Spawn of Dagon<br></li> |
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<li> The Invaders<br></li> |
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<li> The Frog<br></li> |
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<li> Hydra<br></li> |
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<li> The Bells of Horror<br></li> |
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<li> The Hunt<br></li> |
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<li> Beneath the Tombstone - Robert M. Price<br></li> |
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<li> Dead of Night - Lin Carter<br></li> |
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</ul> |
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</dl> |
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{{CthuRefBox|'''BH''', BT}} |
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==C== |
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===Celaeno Fragments=== |
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The Celaeno Fragments<!--NO ITALICS SINCE UNPUBLISHED NOTEBOOK--> is credited to August Derleth. In his [[novel]] ''The Trail of Cthulhu'', "[[Cthulhu Mythos celestial bodies#Celaeno|Celaeno]]" refers to a distant planet that contains a huge library of alien literature. Professor [[Cthulhu Mythos biographies#Shrewsbury, Laban|Laban Shrewsbury]] and his companions traveled to Celaeno several times to escape Cthulhu's minions. Shrewsbury later wrote the Celaeno Fragments, a transcript of what he remembered of his translations of the books in the Great Library of Celaeno. He submitted the transcript, which consisted of about fifty pages, to the [[Miskatonic University]] library in 1915. |
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{{CthuRefBox|BK, GW, '''HC''', XM}} |
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===Cthäat Aquadingen=== |
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The ''Cthäat Aquadingen'', possibly meaning ''Things of the Water'', was created by [[Brian Lumley]] for his short story "The Cyprus Shell" ([[1968 in literature|1968]]). This text, by an unknown author, deals with [[Cthulhu]] and other sea-horrors, such as [[Inpesca]]. It also contains many so-called ''Sathlattae'', rituals and spells related to [[Outer God#Ubbo-Sathla|Ubbo-Sathla]]. It is first mentioned as appearing in northern [[Germany]] around 400 AD. A [[Latin]] version was apparently written between the 11th and 12th century, as was an English translation that appeared sometime in the 14th century. |
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{{CthuRefBox|BO, BU, KB, OK, RD, UT, '''YE'''}} |
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===Cultes des Goules=== |
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''Cultes des Goules'', or ''Cults of Ghouls'', was created by [[Robert Bloch]] (August Derleth claimed to have invented the fictional text, but this was denied by both Lovecraft and Bloch himself)<ref>{{cite journal|author=Robert M. Price|authorlink=Robert M. Price|title="H. P. Lovecraft and the Cthulhu Mythos"|pages=p. 11, footnote #11|journal=Crypt of Cthulhu #35: A Pulp Thriller and Theological Journal|year=Hallowmas 1985|volume=Vol. 5 No. 1}} Robert M. Price (ed.), Mount Olive, NC: Cryptic Publications.</ref>. It is a book of [[black magic]] written by Francois-Honore Balfour ([[Cthulhu Mythos biographies#d'Erlette, Comte|Comte d'Erlette]]) in 1702. It was published in [[France]] and later denounced by the church. Only a handful of copies are in existence. One of the known copies was kept for 91 years in an arcane library of the [[Cthulhu Mythos cults#Church of Starry Wisdom|Church of Starry Wisdom]] in [[Providence, Rhode Island]]. After [[Robert Harrison Blake|Robert Blake]]’s mysterious death in 1935, [[Cthulhu Mythos biographies#Dexter, (Doctor) Ambrose|Doctor Dexter]] removed the grimoire and added it to his library. |
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''Cultes des Goules'' is mentioned numerous times in the works of [[Caitlin R. Kiernan]] and plays an especially important role in her [[2003 in literature|2003]] novel ''Low Red Moon''. The text is also prominently mentioned in her short story "Spindleshanks (New Orleans, 1956)" — collected in ''[[To Charles Fort, With Love]]'' ([[2005 in literature|2005]]). |
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{{CthuRefBox|AX, CB, DM, GG, [[The Haunter of the Dark|HD]], [[The Shadow Out of Time|ST]], '''SU''', XM}} |
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The book "Cultes des Goules" is also mentioned in passing as being part of a collection that was discovered in the titular castle in the 1981 novel '[[The Keep (novel)|The Keep]]' but does not appear in the 1983 movie of the same name that was based on the book. A German officer flips through it and goes pale at what he sees or reads. |
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==D== |
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===De Vermis Mysteriis=== |
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{{main|De Vermis Mysteriis}} |
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''De Vermis Mysteriis'', or ''Mysteries of the Worm'', is a [[grimoire]] created by [[Robert Bloch]], first appearing in Bloch's [[short story]] "The Shambler from the Stars" ([[1935 in literature|1935]]). |
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===Dhol Chants=== |
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The ''Dhol Chants'' was first mentioned in the short story "The Horror In The Museum" ([[1932 in literature|1932]]) by Lovecraft and Hazel Heald. They are alluded to in passing as a semi-mythical collection of chants attributed to the almost-human people of [[Leng]]. The chants themselves are never described, nor do they appear in any other of Lovecraft's works. August Derleth later used the chants in his stories "The Gable Window" ([[1957 in literature|1957]]), ''[[The Lurker at the Threshold]]'' ([[1945 in literature|1945]]), and "The Shadow Out of Space" (1957). |
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[[Miskatonic University]]'s library is said to hold a copy of the ''Dhol Chants''. |
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{{CthuRefBox|GH, GW, '''HM''', LT, SO, XM, YK}} |
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<!--UNTIL EXPANDED, KEEP ME TIGHT AGAINST LAST PARAGRAPH TO PREVENT LINE BREAKS... |
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==Dwellers in the Depths== |
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--> |
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==E== |
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===Eltdown Shards=== |
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The Eltdown Shards are mentioned in numerous mythos stories. They are mysterious pottery fragments found in 1882 and named after the place where they were discovered, Eltdown in southern [[England]]. The shards date to the [[Triassic]] period and are covered with strange symbols thought to be untranslatable. Nonetheless, several authors have penned their own interpretations of the markings, including Gordon Whitney and his ''The Eltdown Shards: A Partial Translation''. Many of these works, as well as a number of non-academic versions, have circulated among secretive cults. |
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Whitney's translation is remarkably similar to the [[Pnakotic Manuscripts]]<!--UNPUBLISHED MANUSCRIPT; HENCE NO ITALICS-->, a text produced by the [[Great Race of Yith]]. The translation describes [[Cthulhu Mythos celestial bodies#Yith|Yith]], the planet from which the Great Race came, and the Great Race's fateful encounter with the [[Cthulhu Mythos celestial bodies#Yekub|Yekubian]]s. A magical formula from the nineteenth shard is for the summoning of the "Warder of Knowledge"; unfortunately, the dismissal portion of the ritual is garbled, so the summoning of this being could prove calamitous. Despite its connections to the Great Race, the Eltdown Shards were most likely inscribed by the [[Elder Thing]]s, who probably buried the ceramics in England when it was part of the great supercontinent [[Pangaea]].<ref>Harms, "Ponape Scripture", ''The Encyclopedia Cthulhiana'', pp. 102–3.</ref> |
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{{CthuRefBox|CF, '''EC''', [[Xothic legend cycle#"The Horror in the Gallery"|HG]], RA, S5, [[The Shadow Out of Time|ST]], WK, XM, YT}} |
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<!--UNTIL EXPANDED, KEEP ME SNUG AGAINST LAST PARAGRAPH TO PREVENT LINE BREAKS... |
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==The Ford Translation of the Voynich Manuscript== |
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--> |
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==G== |
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===G'harne Fragments=== |
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The G'harne Fragments first appeared in the works of [[Brian Lumley]]. They are described as a set of miraculously preserved shards of [[obsidian]] or some other black stone that record the history of the pre-human [[Africa]]n city of [[G'harne]]. The lost city is located somewhere in the southern [[Sahara Desert]] and is currently a frequent haunt of the [[Chthonian (Cthulhu Mythos)|chthonians]]. |
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The two primary translators of the fragments are [[Cthulhu Mythos biographies#Wendy-Smith, Sir Amery|Sir Amery Wendy-Smith]] and Gordon Walmsley. Both of these scholars died in Lumley's works: Sir Wendy-Smith in "Cement Surroundings" ([[1969 in literature|1969]]) and Walmsley in "In the Vaults Beneath" ([[1971 in literature|1971]]). |
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{{CthuRefBox|BU, '''CS''', IV, NN, TC, XM}} |
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==K== |
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===The King in Yellow=== |
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{{main|The King in Yellow}} |
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''The King in Yellow'' is a widely-censored [[Play (theatre)|play]]. Its author is unknown and is believed to have committed [[suicide]] after publishing it in 1889. The play is named after a mysterious supernatural figure featured in it, who is connected to a peculiar alien symbol, usually wrought in gold, called the [[Yellow Sign]]. Though the first act is said to be "innocent", all who read the play's second act either go mad or suffer another terrible fate. Its setting and events include mysterious places and entities such as [[Carcosa]], [[Hastur]], and the [[Carcosa#Lake Hali|Lake of Hali]], names that Chambers borrowed from the writings of [[Ambrose Bierce]]. |
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The play was first imagined in a collection of short stories by [[Robert W. Chambers]] also named ''The King in Yellow'', published in [[1895 in literature|1895]] and set in a hypothetical year 1920. Lovecraft was a fan of the book and included references to the Lake of Hali and The Yellow Sign in his short story "[[The Whisperer in Darkness]]" ([[1930 in literature|1930]]). August Derleth later expanded on this connection in his own stories, rendering Hastur as an evil deity related to Cthulhu and the King In Yellow as one of his [[incarnation]]s. |
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{{CthuRefBox|MI, OD, RP, '''YS'''}} |
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==N== |
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===Necronomicon=== |
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{{main|Necronomicon}} |
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The ''Necronomicon'' is arguably the most famous (or infamous) of Lovecraft's grimoires. It appears in a number of Lovecraft's stories, as well as in the writings of other authors. |
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{{CthuRefBox|[[At the Mountains of Madness|AM]], AR, BO, BU, [[The Case of Charles Dexter Ward|CA]], [[The Dunwich Horror|DH]], [[The Dream-Quest of Unknown Kadath|DQ]], DW, DY, ES, [[The Festival|FE]], FH, FS, HC, [[The Haunter of the Dark|HD]], [[Xothic legend cycle#"The Horror in the Gallery"|HG]], '''HO''', IU, KB, KK, LT, NC, NG, NL, NM, NW, [[Xothic legend cycle#"Out of the Ages"|OA]], OB, OK, OP, PE, PJ, PL, [[Pickman's Model|PM]], PS, RB, RL, S2, S3, S4, SD, SH, [[The Shadow Out of Time|ST]], SX, TC, TD, TG, TN, UV, XM, YN}} |
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==O== |
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===On the Sending Out of the Soul=== |
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''On the Sending Out of the Soul'' appears in [[Henry Kuttner]]'s short story "Hydra" ([[1939 in literature|1939]]). It is an eight page pamphlet on [[astral projection]]. The pamphlet appeared in [[Salem, Massachusetts]] in 1783 and circulated among [[occult]] groups. Most copies were destroyed in the wake of a series of grisly murders. |
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The first seven pages of the pamphlet contain vague mystic writing; however, the eighth page details a formula for effecting astral travel. Among the required ingredients are a brazier and the drug ''[[Cannabis indica]]''. The formula is always successful but has an unforeseen side effect: it invokes the horrid [[Outer God#The Hydra|Outer God the Hydra]].<ref>Henry Kuttner {{cite book|chapter=Hydra|origyear=1939|title=The Azathoth Cycle|editor=Robert M. Price (ed.)|publisher=Chaosium|location=Oakland, CA|year=1995|id=ISBN 1-56882-040-2}}</ref> |
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==P== |
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===Parchments of Pnom=== |
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The Parchments of Pnom is a manuscript written by [[Hyperborean cycle#Hyperborea|Hyperborea]]'s leading [[Genealogy|genealogist]] and soothsayer. It is written in the "Elder Script" of that land and contains a detailed account of the lineage of the Hyperborean gods, most notably [[Tsathoggua]]. |
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{{CthuRefBox|BL, '''CW''', FT, LE, MT}} |
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===Pnakotic Manuscripts=== |
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{{main|Pnakotic Manuscripts}} |
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The Pnakotic Manuscripts<!--UNPUBLISHED (and fictional) MANUSCRIPT; HENCE NO ITALICS--> is named after the place where it was kept, the city of Pnakotus, a primordial metropolis built by the [[Great Race of Yith]]. The Great Race is credited with authoring the Manuscripts, though other scribes would add to it over the ages. |
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[[F. Paul Wilson]] is among the authors who have referred to this collection in their own work; a collated version of the Manuscripts appears in Wilson's novel ''[[The Keep]]''. |
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{{CthuRefBox|AF, [[At the Mountains of Madness|AM]], BU, [[The Dream-Quest of Unknown Kadath|DQ]], [[The Haunter of the Dark|HD]], [[Xothic legend cycle#"The Horror in the Gallery"|HG]], HM, OG, '''[[Polaris (short story)|PO]]''', S5, [[The Shadow Out of Time|ST]], TG, [[The Whisperer in Darkness|WD]], WK, XI, XM, YT}} |
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===Ponape Scripture=== |
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The ''Ponape Scripture'' first appeared in [[Lin Carter]]'s short story "Out of the Ages" ([[1975 in literature|1975]]). The ''Scripture'' is a [[manuscript]] found in the [[Caroline Islands]] by Captain [[Cthulhu Mythos biographies#Hoag, (Captain) Abner Exekiel|Abner Exekiel Hoag]] sometime around 1734. The book showed signs of great age—its pages were made of palm leaves and its binding was of an ancient, now-extinct [[cycad]]ean wood. It was written in [[Naacal]] (the language of [[Mu (Cthulhu Mythos)|Mu]]) and appears to have been authored by Imash-Mo, high priest of [[Ghatanothoa]], and his successors. The book contains details of Mu and of [[Cthulhu Mythos biographies#Zanthu|Zanthu]], high priest of [[Xothic legend cycle#Ythogtha|Ythogtha]]. With the help of his servant Yogash (hinted to be a [[Deep One|Deep One hybrid]]<ref>The servant in question is referred to as a "half-breed Polynesian or Oriental", though the character Professor Harold Hadley Copeland claimed that he was a "hybrid human/Deep One". (Lin Carter {{cite book|chapter=Out of the Ages|pages=p. 193|title=Nameless Places|editor=Gerald W. Page (ed.)|location=Sauk City, WI|publisher=Arkham House|origyear=1975|id=ISBN 0-87054-073-4}})</ref>), Hoag managed to write a translation of the manuscript. But when he tried to have it published, his efforts were thwarted by religious leaders who strongly objected to the book's references to [[Dagon (short story)|Dagon]]. Nonetheless, copies of the ''Scripture'' have circulated among secretive [[Cthulhu Mythos cults|cults]] (such as the [[Innsmouth#Esoteric Order of Dagon|Esoteric Order of Dagon]]) and other [[occult]] groups. After Hoag's death, his granddaughter, Beverly Hoag Adams, published an expurgated version of the book. |
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In contemporary times, other versions of the ''Ponape Scripture'' have seen print. [[Cthulhu Mythos biographies#Copeland, Harold Hadley|Harold Hadley Copeland]], a leading authority on the ''Scripture'', produced a translation of the book, published in [[1907 in literature|1907]] by [[Miskatonic University]] Press. Copeland also cited the book in his work ''The Prehistoric Pacific in Light of the 'Ponape Scripture''' ([[1911 in literature|1911]]). The original version of the manuscript remains at the [[Kester Library]] in [[Salem, Massachusetts]].<ref>Harms, "Ponape Scripture", ''The Encyclopedia Cthulhiana'', pp. 244–5.</ref> |
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{{CthuRefBox|[[Xothic legend cycle#"The Dweller in the Tomb"|DT]], FO, '''[[Xothic legend cycle#"Out of the Ages"|OA]]''', XM}} |
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==R== |
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===Revelations of Glaaki=== |
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The ''Revelations of Glaaki'' first appeared in [[Ramsey Campbell]]'s short story "The Inhabitant of the Lake" ([[1964 in literature|1964]]). It was written by the [[undead]] cult worshipping the [[Great Old One]] [[Glaaki]]. Whenever Glaaki slept, the members of his cult had periods of free will, and, since they were part of Glaaki and shared his memories, they wrote down what they remembered of their master's thoughts. The cult's handwritten manuscripts later came to be known as the ''Revelations of Glaaki''. The text originally contained nine volumes, but it may have had more at different times in the past.<ref>Ramsey Campbell {{cite book|chapter=The Inhabitant of the Lake|origyear=1964|title=Cold Print|edition=1st ed.|location=New York, NY|publisher=Tom Doherty Associates|year=1987|id=ISBN 0-8125-1660-5}}</ref> |
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{{CthuRefBox|CP, '''IL''', NK, PL}} |
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==The R'lyeh Text== |
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--> |
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==S== |
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===Seven Cryptical Books of Hsan=== |
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The ''Seven Cryptical Books of Hsan''<!--PUBLISHED VERSIONS EXIST (YES, FICTIONAL VERSIONS), HENCE ITALICS OKAY--> is a collection of writings mentioned by Lovecraft in "The Other Gods" (1921) and "[[The Dream-Quest of Unknown Kadath]]" (1926). In both stories, the books are mentioned in conjunction with the Pnakotic Manuscripts. They are kept in the temple of the [[Elder God (Cthulhu Mythos)|Elder Ones]] in the city of [[Ulthar]]; no other existing copies are mentioned in Lovecraft's works. [[Cthulhu Mythos biographies#Barzai (the Wise)|Barzai the Wise]] studied the books before his journey to see the gods dancing on Mount Hatheg-Kla, while [[Randolph Carter]] consulted them during his quest to reach [[Dreamlands#Kadath|Kadath]]. |
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The collection can be considered to be an analogue to the ''[[I Ching]]'', a Chinese text of cosmology and divination. |
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{{CthuRefBox|[[The Dream-Quest of Unknown Kadath|DQ]], EW, [[Xothic legend cycle#"The Horror in the Gallery"|HG]], HH, '''OG''', PI, TY, XM}} |
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==T== |
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===Testament of Carnamagos=== |
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<blockquote> |
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Now, as he sat there in a state half terror, half stupor, his eyes were drawn to the wizard volume before him: the writings of that evil sage and seer, Carnamagos, which had been recovered a thousand years agone from some Graeco-Bactrian tomb, and transcribed by an apostate monk in the original Greek, in the blood of an incubus-begotten monster. In that volume were the chronicles of great sorcerers of old, and the histories of demons earthly and ultra-cosmic, and the veritable spells by which the demons could be called up and controlled and dismissed. |
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<br>—Clark Ashton Smith, "The Treader of the Dust" |
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</blockquote> |
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''The Testament of Carnamagos'' was created by Clark Ashton Smith and first appeared in his short story "Xeethra" ([[1934 in literature|1934]]). The text is featured more prominently in Smith's "The Treader of the Dust" ([[1935 in literature|1935]]). |
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The book gives a description of the Great Old One [[Great Old One compendium#Quachil Uttaus|Quachil Uttaus]], among others. Only two copies are known of, though one was destroyed during the [[Spanish Inquisition]]. The only remaining copy is bound in shagreen and fastened with hasps of human bone. |
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{{CthuRefBox|RU, '''XE'''}} |
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==U== |
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===Unaussprechlichen Kulten=== |
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{{main|Unaussprechlichen Kulten}} |
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<!-- |
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NOTE: REGARDING THE TITLE, there is a discourse about this under the main article (nonetheless, THIS NAME IS HOW IT APPEARS IN THE MYTHOS, WHETHER CORRECT OR NOT.) |
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''Unaussprechlichen Kulten'' was created by [[Robert E. Howard]] and was written by the fictional [[Cthulhu Mythos biographies#Von Junzt, Friedrich Wilheim|Friedrich von Junzt]]. Howard originally called the book ''Nameless Cults'', but Lovecraft and Derleth gave it the German title which literally means '''Unspeakable Cults'''. |
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{{CthuRefBox|BN, '''CN''', [[The Haunter of the Dark|HD]], [[Xothic legend cycle#"The Horror in the Gallery"|HG]], NR, OE, WB, XM}} |
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==Z== |
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===Zanthu Tablets=== |
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The Zanthu Tablets first appeared in "The Dweller in the Tomb" ([[1971 in literature|1971]]), by Lin Carter. The centerpiece of the story is the discovery of the tablets, which are an important part of Carter's [[Xothic legend cycle]]. |
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The tablets themselves are twelve engraved pieces of black [[jade]] inscribed by Zanthu, a wizard and high priest of Ythogtha. They are written in a hieratic form of [[Naacal]], the language of the sunken continent of [[Mu (Cthulhu Mythos)|Mu]]. The tablets reveal a partial history of Mu, describing Zanthu's struggle against the rising cult of [[Ghatanothoa]] and his own religion's lamented decline. He also describes his failed attempt to release the god Ythogtha from its prison. Upon witnessing three black, beaked, slimy heads, "vaster than any mountain", rising from a gorge, he flees in terror when he realizes that they are merely the god's fingertips. According to Zanthu, he and some of his people escaped the destruction of Mu, which was sunk by the wrath of the Elder Gods. |
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In 1913, guided by the ''Ponape Script'', Harold Hadley Copeland led an expedition into [[Indochina]] to locate the plateau of Tsang and to find the tomb of Zanthu. After the other members of the expedition died or deserted him, Copeland pressed on, eventually reaching his goal. Opening the tomb, he was horrified to discover that the mummified face of Zanthu resembled his own. Later wandering into a Mongolian outpost, a starving and raving Copeland was the only survivor of the expedition. |
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Copeland published a brochure entitled ''The Zanthu Tablets: A Conjectural Translation'' in 1916. He made the rough translation using a key borrowed from the estate of Colonel Churchward, the last qualified translator of ancient [[Naacal]], and heavily edited it out of a concern for "public sanity". The controversial brochure was later denounced by the academic community and was suppressed by the authorities. Copeland's later manuscripts were never published. Ten years after the publication of the brochure, Copeland died in an asylum. |
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{{CthuRefBox|'''DT''', [[Xothic legend cycle#"Out of the Ages"|OA]], SV, [[Xothic legend cycle#"The Thing in the Pit"|TP]]}} |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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* [[Cathodic stripping voltammetry]] |
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* [[Adsorptive stripping voltammetry]] |
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*[[Cthulhu Mythos miscellaneous books]] |
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* [[Voltammetry]] |
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* [[Electroanalytical Methods]] |
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*[[Cthulhu Mythos in popular culture#Book of Eibon|Book of Eibon in popular culture]] |
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* [[Electroplating]] |
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* [[Amalgam]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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# http://www.drhuang.com/science/chemistry/electrochemistry/polar.doc.htm |
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# http://www.chemistry.msu.edu/courses/cem837/Anodic%20Stripping%20Voltammetry.pdf |
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# http://ocw.kfupm.edu.sa/user/CHEM54201/Anodic%20stripping%20good.pdf |
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# Wang, J. (1985). Stripping Analysis: Principles, Instrumentation, and Applications, VCH Publishers, Inc., Deerfield Beach, Florida. |
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# http://www.amelchem.com/download/items/voltammetry/manuals/eng/manual_eng.pdf |
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[[Category:Analytical chemistry]] |
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*{{cite book|last=Harms|first=Daniel|title=The Encyclopedia Cthulhiana|edition=2nd ed.|location=Oakland, CA|publisher=Chaosium|year=1998|id=ISBN 1-56882-119-0}} |
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*{{cite book|last=Pearsall|first=Anthony B.|title=The Lovecraft Lexicon|edition=1st ed.|year=2005|location=Tempe, AZ|publisher=New Falcon|id=ISBN 1-56184-129-3}} |
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===Notes=== |
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{{reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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* [http://www.MythosTomes.com Mythos Tomes], a web site dedicated to the forbidden tomes of the Cthulhu Mythos |
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* [http://www.unfilmable.com/Rare_Book_Room.html Rare Book Room], arcane texts of the Cthulhu Mythos that appear in films |
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{{analytical-chemistry-stub}} |
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[[Category:Fictional books within the Cthulhu Mythos]] |
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[[Category:Lists of fictional books]] |
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{{electroanalytical}} |
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[[fr:Liber Ivonis]] |
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[[ja:エイボンの書]] |
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[[sv:Celaeno-fragmenten]] |
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Revision as of 01:49, 10 October 2008
Anodic stripping voltammetry is a voltammetric method for quantitative determination of specific ionic species. The analyte of interest is electroplated on the working electrode during a deposition step, and oxidized from the electrode during the stripping step. The current is measured during the stripping step. The oxidation of species is registered as a peak in the current signal at the potential at which the species begins to be oxidized. The stripping step can be either linear, staircase, squarewave, or pulse.
Electrochemical Cell Set-Up
Anodic stripping voltammetry usually incorporates three electrodes, a working electrode, auxiliary electrode (sometimes called the counter electrode), and reference electrode. The solution being analyzed usually has an electrolyte added to it. For most standard tests, the working electrode is a mercury film electrode. The mercury film forms an amalgam with the analyte of interest, which upon oxidation results in a sharp peak, improving resolution between analytes. The mercury film is formed over a glassy carbon electrode. A mercury drop electrode has also been used for much the same reasons. In cases were the analyte of interest has an oxidizing potential above that of mercury, or where a mercury electrode would be otherwise unsuitable, a solid, inert metal such as silver, gold, or platinum may also be used.
Steps
Anodic stripping voltammetry usually incorporates 4 steps if the working electrode is a mercury film or mercury drop electrode and the solution incorporates stirring. The solution is stirred during the first two steps at a repeatable rate. The first step is a cleaning step; in the cleaning step, the potential is held at a more oxidizing potential than the analyte of interest for a period of time in order to fully remove it from the electrode. In the second step, the potential is held at a lower potential, low enough to reduce the analyte and deposit it on the electrode. After the second step, the stirring is stopped, and the electrode is kept at the lower potential. The purpose of this third step is to allow the deposited material to distribute more evenly in the mercury. If a solid inert electrode is used, this step is unnecessary. The last step involves raising the working electrode to a higher potential (anodic), and stripping (oxidizing), the analyte. As the analyte is oxidized, it gives off electrons which are measured as a current.
Sensitivity
Anodic stripping voltammetry can detect μg/l concentrations of analyte.
See also
- Cathodic stripping voltammetry
- Adsorptive stripping voltammetry
- Voltammetry
- Electroanalytical Methods
- Electroplating
- Amalgam
References
- http://www.drhuang.com/science/chemistry/electrochemistry/polar.doc.htm
- http://www.chemistry.msu.edu/courses/cem837/Anodic%20Stripping%20Voltammetry.pdf
- http://ocw.kfupm.edu.sa/user/CHEM54201/Anodic%20stripping%20good.pdf
- Wang, J. (1985). Stripping Analysis: Principles, Instrumentation, and Applications, VCH Publishers, Inc., Deerfield Beach, Florida.
- http://www.amelchem.com/download/items/voltammetry/manuals/eng/manual_eng.pdf
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