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ISO 12083 is an international SGML standard for document interchange between authors and publishers. It features separate Document Type Definitions for books, serials, articles, and math. Derived from AAP DTD, it was first published in 1993, revised in 1994, and last confirmed in 2016.

History[edit]

In 1983, the Association of American Publishers (AAP), a coalition of book and journal publishers in North America, initiated efforts to create an SGML application named AAP DTD for academic publishing. In 1988, the AAP DTD became the American National Standards Institute's Electronic Manuscript Preparation and Markup (ANSI/NISO Z39.59) standard. Being based on the ASCII character encoding standard, it includes a large set of entity definitions for special characters.^[1]

The AAP and EPSIG continued their collaboration and published a revised version of the specification in 1989,^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] identifying three document types in the field of publishing: Book, Serial Publication, and Article, for each of which the revised specification offers a DTD.^[6]

The AAP and the European Physical Society (EPS) further collaborated on a standard method for marking up tables and mathematical notation in scientific documents.^[6] Building on this work, Eric van Herwijnen, then head of the text processing section at CERN,^[7] edited the specification for adoption by the International Organization for Standardization as ISO 12083, first published in 1993,^[8]^[1] revised in 1994^[9] and last reconfirmed in 2016.^[10] ISO 12083 specifies four DTDs: Article, Book, Serial, and Math.

In 1995, concurrent with the withdrawal of ANSI/NISO Z39.59:1988, ANSI/ISO 12083 was adopted as U.S. standard ANSI/NISO/ISO 12083-1995 (R2009) Electronic Manuscript Preparation and Markup. This U.S. standard was withdrawn in 2016.^[11]

Usage[edit]

ISO 12083 found its widest adoption among publishers of scientific journals.^[12] Rarely implemented in unmodified form, it became the basis of many DTDs in production use.^[13]

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b Van Herwijnen, Eric (1994). Practical SGML. Springer. p. 111. ISBN 978-0-7923-9434-1.
^ Reference Manual on Electronic Manuscript Preparation and Markup (Version 2. Dublin, OH, USA: Association of American Publishers, EPSIG. 1989.
^ Author's Guide to Electronic Manuscript Preparation and Markup (Version 2). Dublin, OH, USA: Association of American Publishers, EPSIG. 1989.
^ Markup of tabular material (Version 2). Dublin, OH, USA: Association of American Publishers, EPSIG. 1989.
^ Markup of mathematical formulas (Version 2). Dublin, OH, USA: Association of American Publishers, EPSIG. 1989.
^ ^a ^b Goossens, Michel; Saarela, Janne (November 1995). "A practical introduction to SGML". TUGboat. 16 (2): 103–145.
^ van Ess-Dkema, Carol (March 1991). "Review of "Practical SGML" by Eric Van Herwijnen. Kluwer Academic Publishers 1990". Computational Linguistics. 17 (1): 110–116. ISSN 0891-2017.
^ ISO 12083:1993 – Information and Documentation – Electronic Manuscript Preparation and Markup. Geneva: International Organization for Standardization. 1993.
^ "ISO 12083:1994 – Information and Documentation – Electronic Manuscript Preparation and Markup". International Organization for Standardization. 1994. Retrieved 2017-08-27.
^ ISO Update, Supplement to ISO Focus (PDF), International Organization for Standardization, February 2016, archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-28, retrieved 2017-08-27
^ "ANSI/NISO/ISO 12083-1995 (R2009) Electronic Manuscript Preparation and Markup (Inactive)". National Information Standards Organization. 2016-03-29. Archived from the original on 2018-05-06. Retrieved 2019-05-04.
^ Kasdorf, p. 109.
^ Kasdorf, p. 74.

Bibliography[edit]

Kasdorf, William E. (2003). "Markup: XML & Related Technologies". In William E. Kasdorf (ed.). The Columbia Guide to Digital Publishing. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 65–154. ISBN 978-0-231-12499-7.

External links[edit]

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[Herwijnen-1994-111-1] Van Herwijnen, Eric (1994). Practical SGML. Springer. p. 111. ISBN 978-0-7923-9434-1.

[2] Reference Manual on Electronic Manuscript Preparation and Markup (Version 2. Dublin, OH, USA: Association of American Publishers, EPSIG. 1989.

[3] Author's Guide to Electronic Manuscript Preparation and Markup (Version 2). Dublin, OH, USA: Association of American Publishers, EPSIG. 1989.

[4] Markup of tabular material (Version 2). Dublin, OH, USA: Association of American Publishers, EPSIG. 1989.

[5] Markup of mathematical formulas (Version 2). Dublin, OH, USA: Association of American Publishers, EPSIG. 1989.

[auto-6] Goossens, Michel; Saarela, Janne (November 1995). "A practical introduction to SGML". TUGboat. 16 (2): 103–145.

[7] van Ess-Dkema, Carol (March 1991). "Review of "Practical SGML" by Eric Van Herwijnen. Kluwer Academic Publishers 1990". Computational Linguistics. 17 (1): 110–116. ISSN 0891-2017.

[8] ISO 12083:1993 – Information and Documentation – Electronic Manuscript Preparation and Markup. Geneva: International Organization for Standardization. 1993.

[9] "ISO 12083:1994 – Information and Documentation – Electronic Manuscript Preparation and Markup". International Organization for Standardization. 1994. Retrieved 2017-08-27.

[10] ISO Update, Supplement to ISO Focus (PDF), International Organization for Standardization, February 2016, archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-28, retrieved 2017-08-27

[11] "ANSI/NISO/ISO 12083-1995 (R2009) Electronic Manuscript Preparation and Markup (Inactive)". National Information Standards Organization. 2016-03-29. Archived from the original on 2018-05-06. Retrieved 2019-05-04.

[FOOTNOTEKasdorf109-12] Kasdorf, p. 109.

[FOOTNOTEKasdorf74-13] Kasdorf, p. 74.

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-'''ISO 12083''' (informally known as "AAP markup"<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = The Haworth Press| isbn = 978-1-136-58921-8| pages = 5–16| editors = John J. Riemer (ed.)| last = McCallum| first = Sally| title = Cataloging and Classification Standards and Rules| chapter = What Makes a Standard?| location = New York| date = 1996}}</ref>) is an international [[Standard Generalized Markup Language|SGML]] standard for document interchange between authors and publishers, featuring separate [[Document Type Definition| DTD]]s for books, serials, articles, and math.
+'''ISO 12083''' <!--(informally known as "AAP markup"<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = The Haworth Press| isbn = 978-1-136-58921-8| pages = 5–16| editors = John J. Riemer (ed.)| last = McCallum| first = Sally| title = Cataloging and Classification Standards and Rules| chapter = What Makes a Standard?| location = New York| date = 1996}}</ref>)--> is an international [[Standard Generalized Markup Language|SGML]] standard for document interchange between authors and publishers. It features separate [[Document Type Definition]]s for books, serials, articles, and math. Derived from [[AAP DTD]], it was first published in 1993, revised in 1994, and last confirmed in 2016.
-==History==
+== History ==
+In 1983, the [[Association of American Publishers]] (AAP), a coalition of book and journal publishers in North America, initiated efforts to create an [[SGML]] application named [[AAP DTD]] for academic publishing. In 1988, the AAP DTD became the [[American National Standards Institute]]'s ''Electronic Manuscript Preparation and Markup'' (ANSI/NISO Z39.59) standard. Being based on the [[ASCII]]  [[character encoding]] standard, it includes a large set of entity definitions for special characters.<ref name="Herwijnen-1994-111" />
-In 1983, the [[Association of American Publishers]] (AAP), a coalition of book and journal publishers in North America, launched the Electronic Manuscript Project, the first effort ever to develop a commercial SGML application.<ref name="cave" /> The project sought to create a standard for document interchange that would allow the publishing industry to reap the benefits of digitization. Key participants included organizations such as the [[US Library of Congress]], the American Society of Indexers, the [[IEEE]], the [[American Chemical Society]], the [[American Institute of Physics]], and the [[American Mathematical Society]].<ref name="cave">{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1108/10650750310698766| issn = 1065-075X| volume = 19| issue = 4| pages = 144–148| last = Cave| first = Francis| title = Article Metadata Standards: An Historical Review| journal = OCLC Systems & Services: International Digital Library Perspectives| accessdate = 2017-08-27| date = 2003-12-01| url = http://www.emeraldinsight.com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/doi/full/10.1108/10650750310698766}}</ref>
-In 1983, Aspen Systems Corporation was hired to conduct the work over a two-year period. Two preliminary works with restricted distribution were produced in 1985, the draft AAP DTD<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = AAP| title = Association of American Publishers' Standard for Electronic Manuscript Preparation and Exchange.| location = Washington| date = 1985}}</ref> and author guidelines.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = AAP| title = Author Guidelines for the Preparation, Creation and Exchange of Electronic Manuscripts| location = Washington| date = 1985}}</ref><ref name=Smith>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1093/comjnl/29.3.193| volume = 29| issue = 3| pages = 193–200| last = Smith| first = Joan M.| title = The Implications of SGML for the Preparation of Scientific Publications| journal = The Computer Journal| date = 1986-03-01}}</ref>
+The AAP and EPSIG continued their collaboration and published a revised version of the specification in 1989,<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Association of American Publishers, EPSIG| title = Reference Manual on Electronic Manuscript Preparation and Markup (Version 2| location = Dublin, OH, USA| date = 1989}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Association of American Publishers, EPSIG| title = Author's Guide to Electronic Manuscript Preparation and Markup (Version 2)| location = Dublin, OH, USA| date = 1989}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Association of American Publishers, EPSIG| title = Markup of tabular material (Version 2)| location = Dublin, OH, USA| date = 1989}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Association of American Publishers, EPSIG| title = Markup of mathematical formulas (Version 2)| location = Dublin, OH, USA| date = 1989}}</ref> identifying three document types in the field of publishing: Book, Serial Publication, and Article, for each of which the revised specification offers a DTD.<ref name="auto">{{Cite journal| volume = 16| issue = 2| pages = 103–145| last1 = Goossens| first1 = Michel| last2 = Saarela| first2 = Janne| title = A practical introduction to SGML| journal = TUGboat| date = November 1995}}</ref>
+The AAP and the [[European Physical Society]] (EPS) further collaborated on a standard method for marking up tables and mathematical notation in scientific documents.<ref name="auto" /> Building on this work, Eric van Herwijnen, then head of the text processing section at [[CERN]],<ref>{{Cite journal| issn = 0891-2017| volume = 17| issue = 1| pages = 110–116| last = van Ess-Dkema| first = Carol| title = Review of "Practical SGML" by Eric Van Herwijnen. Kluwer Academic Publishers 1990.| journal = Computational Linguistics| date = March 1991}}</ref> edited the specification for adoption by the [[International Organization for Standardization]] as ISO 12083, first published in 1993,<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = International Organization for Standardization| title = ISO 12083:1993 – Information and Documentation – Electronic Manuscript Preparation and Markup| location = Geneva| date = 1993}}</ref><ref name="Herwijnen-1994-111">{{cite book|last=Van Herwijnen|first=Eric|title=Practical SGML|year=1994|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-0-7923-9434-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/practicalsgml00vanh/page/111 111]|url=https://archive.org/details/practicalsgml00vanh/page/111}}</ref> revised in 1994<ref>{{Cite web| title = ISO 12083:1994 – Information and Documentation – Electronic Manuscript Preparation and Markup| work = International Organization for Standardization| accessdate = 2017-08-27| date = 1994| url = https://www.iso.org/standard/20866.html}}</ref> and last reconfirmed in 2016.<ref>{{Citation| publisher = International Organization for Standardization| title = ISO Update, Supplement to ISO Focus| date = February 2016| url = https://www.iso.org/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/news/magazine/ISOupdate/EN/2016/ISOupdate_February_2016.pdf| access-date = 2017-08-27| archive-date = 2017-08-28| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170828013750/https://www.iso.org/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/news/magazine/ISOupdate/EN/2016/ISOupdate_February_2016.pdf| url-status = dead}}</ref> ISO 12083 specifies four DTDs: Article, Book, Serial, and Math.
-In 1986, the Electronic Publishing Special Interest Group (EPSIG), a consortium sponsored by the [[OCLC |Online Computer Library Center]] (OCLC), recommended the DTDs developed by the Electronic Manuscript Project be used as an American Standard.<ref name="cave" /> With the support of the AAP and the Graphic Communications Association (GCA), the recommendations were accepted and, in 1988, the AAP DTD became the [[American National Standards Institute]]'s ''Electronic Manuscript Preparation and Markup'' (ANSI/NISO Z39.59) standard. Being based on the [[ASCII]]  [[character encoding]] standard, it includes a large set of entity definitions for special characters.<ref name="Herwijnen-1994-111" />
+In 1995, concurrent with the withdrawal of ANSI/NISO Z39.59:1988, ANSI/ISO 12083 was adopted as U.S. standard ANSI/NISO/ISO 12083-1995 (R2009) Electronic Manuscript Preparation and Markup. This U.S. standard was withdrawn in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web| title = ANSI/NISO/ISO 12083-1995 (R2009) Electronic Manuscript Preparation and Markup (Inactive)| work = National Information Standards Organization| accessdate = 2019-05-04| date = 2016-03-29| url = https://groups.niso.org/apps/group_public/project/details.php?project_id=37| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180506024511/https://groups.niso.org/apps/group_public/project/details.php?project_id=37| url-status = dead| archive-date = 2018-05-06}}</ref>
-AAP and EPSIG continued their collaboration and published a revised version of the specification in 1989,<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Association of American Publishers, EPSIG| title = Reference Manual on Electronic Manuscript Preparation and Markup (Version 2| location = Dublin, OH, USA| date = 1989}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Association of American Publishers, EPSIG| title = Author’s Guide to Electronic Manuscript Preparation and Markup (Version 2)| location = Dublin, OH, USA| date = 1989}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Association of American Publishers, EPSIG| title = Markup of tabular material (Version 2)| location = Dublin, OH, USA| date = 1989}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Association of American Publishers, EPSIG| title = Markup of mathematical formulas (Version 2)| location = Dublin, OH, USA| date = 1989}}</ref> identifying three document types in the field of pubishing: Book, Serial Publication, and Article, for each of which the revised specification offers a DTD.<ref>{{Cite journal| volume = 16| issue = 2| pages = 103–145| last1 = Goossens| first1 = Michel| last2 = Saarela| first2 = Janne| title = A practical introduction to SGML| journal = TUGboat| accessdate = 2017-08-28| date = November 1995| url = }}</ref>
+== Usage ==
-Eric van Herwijnen, the head of the text processing section at [[CERN]],<ref>{{Cite journal| issn = 0891-2017| volume = 17| issue = 1| pages = 110–116| last = van Ess-Dkema| first = Carol| title = Review of "Practical SGML" by Eric Van Herwijnen. Kluwer Academic Publishers 1990.| journal = Computational Linguistics| date = March 1991}}</ref> refined the specification for it to be accepted by the [[International Organization for Standardization]] as the ISO 12083 standard, first published in 1993,<ref name="Herwijnen-1994-111">{{cite book|last=Van Herwijnen|first=Eric|title=Practical SGML|year=1994|publisher=Springer|isbn=9780792394341|page=111}}</ref> revised in 1994<ref>{{Cite web| title = ISO 12083:1994 - Information and documentation -- Electronic manuscript preparation and markup| work = International Organization for Standardization| accessdate = 2017-08-27| date = October 1994| url = https://www.iso.org/standard/20866.html}}</ref> and last reconfirmed in 2016.<ref>{{Cite| publisher = International Organization for Standardization| title = ISO Update, Supplement to ISO Focus| date = February 2016| url=https://www.iso.org/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/news/magazine/ISOupdate/EN/2016/ISOupdate_February_2016.pdf}}</ref>
+ISO 12083 found its widest adoption among publishers of scientific journals.{{sfn|Kasdorf|p=109}} Rarely implemented in unmodified form, it became the basis of many DTDs in production use.{{sfn|Kasdorf|p=74}}
-==Usage==
+== References ==
+{{Reflist}}
-In practice, ISO 12082 is seldom used in its pure form, yet it is the basis of many DTDs in common use.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Columbia University Press| isbn = 978-0-231-12499-7| pages = 65–154| editors = William E. Kasdorf (ed.)| last = Kasdorf| first = William E.| title = The Columbia Guide to Digital Publishing| chapter = Markup: XML & Related Technologies| location = New York| date = 2003}}</ref>
-==References==
+== Bibliography ==
-{{Reflist | 2}}
+*{{Cite book| publisher = Columbia University Press| isbn = 978-0-231-12499-7| pages = [https://archive.org/details/columbiaguidetod00bada/page/65 65–154]| editor = William E. Kasdorf| last = Kasdorf| first = William E.| title = The Columbia Guide to Digital Publishing| chapter = Markup: XML & Related Technologies| location = New York| date = 2003| ref = {{sfnRef|Kasdorf}}| chapter-url = https://archive.org/details/columbiaguidetod00bada/page/65}}
-==External links==
-*[http://www.niso.org/apps/group_public/project/details.php?project_id=43 ANSI/NISO Z39.59]
-*[https://www.iso.org/standard/20866.html ISO 12083:1994]
-*[https://web.archive.org/web/20000613115152/http://www.xmlxperts.com:80/serialdtd.htm ISO 12083 Article DTD]
-*[https://web.archive.org/web/20000815212917/http://www.xmlxperts.com:80/xmlbookdtd.htm ISO 12083 Book DTD]
-*[https://web.archive.org/web/20000613115152/http://www.xmlxperts.com:80/serialdtd.htm ISO 12083 Serial DTD]
-*[https://web.archive.org/web/20000312064654/http://www.xmlxperts.com:80/mathdtd.htm ISO 12083 Math DTD]
+== External links ==
-[[Category:ISO standards]]
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120624040507/http://www.niso.org/apps/group_public/project/details.php?project_id=43 ANSI/NISO Z39.59]
+* [https://www.iso.org/standard/20866.html ISO 12083:1994]
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20000530040619/http://www.xmlxperts.com/articledtd.htm ISO 12083 Article DTD]
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20000815212917/http://www.xmlxperts.com/xmlbookdtd.htm ISO 12083 Book DTD]
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20000613115152/http://www.xmlxperts.com/serialdtd.htm ISO 12083 Serial DTD]
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20000312064654/http://www.xmlxperts.com/mathdtd.htm ISO 12083 Math DTD]
+[[Category:ISO standards|#12083]]
 [[Category:Markup languages]]
 [[Category:Technical communication]]
+[[Category:SGML]]
 {{markup-languages-stub}}