Ishmael Toroama: Difference between revisions
IdiotSavant (talk | contribs) Complete replacement |
FeanorStar7 (talk | contribs) disambig 2 links; add sort tag and cat; better tag |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
'''Ishmael Toroama''' is a [[Bougainville]]an politician. He is a former commander in the [[Bougainville Revolutionary Army]]. |
'''Ishmael Toroama''' is a [[Autonomous Region of Bougainville|Bougainville]]an politician. He is a former commander in the [[Bougainville Revolutionary Army]]. |
||
Toroama is from the [[Kongara Mountains]] in Central Boungainville.<ref name=gangs/> |
Toroama is from the [[Kongara Mountains]] in Central Boungainville.<ref name=gangs/> |
||
==Civil war and aftermath== |
==Civil war and aftermath== |
||
Toroama joined the [[Bougainville Revolutionary Army]] in the early days of the [[Bougainville Civil War]] and quickly became one of its field commanders.<ref name=gangs>{{cite journal |url=https://asopa.typepad.com/files/the-gangs-of-bougainville.pdf |title=The Gangs of Bougainville: Seven Men, Guns and a Copper Mine |last=Starygin |first=Stan |journal=Journal of Conflict Transformation & Security |date=April 2013 |page=58-61 |accessdate=22 September 2020}}</ref> In 1997 he was injured by a rocket-propelled grenade.<ref name=pngattitude1>{{cite web |url=https://www.pngattitude.com/2020/09/ishmael-toroama-rebel-peace-maker-farmer-leader.html |title=Ishmael Toroama – rebel, peace-maker, farmer, leader |author=Keith Jackson |publisher=PNG Attitude |date=22 September 2020 |accessdate=22 September 2020}}</ref> In 1999 he became the BRA's chief of defence, succeeding [[Sam Kauona]].<ref name=gangs/> As chief of defence, he was one of the signatories of the [[Rotokas Record|Bougainville Peace Agreement]] and opposed the breakaway faction under [[Francis Ona]].<ref name=gangs/> Following the conflict, he enriched himself by becoming a broker in the reconciliation process, then providing "protection" to local businesses.<ref name=gangs/><ref name=pngattitude1/> He later became a [[cocoa]] farmer.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.abg.gov.pg/index.php/news/read/ishmael-spends-more-time-on-cocoa-farming |title=Ishmael spends more time on cocoa farming |publisher= |date=22 August 2017 |accessdate=22 September 2020}}</ref> |
Toroama joined the [[Bougainville Revolutionary Army]] in the early days of the [[Bougainville Civil War]] and quickly became one of its field commanders.<ref name=gangs>{{cite journal |url=https://asopa.typepad.com/files/the-gangs-of-bougainville.pdf |title=The Gangs of Bougainville: Seven Men, Guns and a Copper Mine |last=Starygin |first=Stan |journal=Journal of Conflict Transformation & Security |date=April 2013 |page=58-61 |accessdate=22 September 2020}}</ref> In 1997 he was injured by a rocket-propelled grenade.<ref name=pngattitude1>{{cite web |url=https://www.pngattitude.com/2020/09/ishmael-toroama-rebel-peace-maker-farmer-leader.html |title=Ishmael Toroama – rebel, peace-maker, farmer, leader |author=Keith Jackson |publisher=PNG Attitude |date=22 September 2020 |accessdate=22 September 2020}}</ref> In 1999 he became the BRA's chief of defence, succeeding [[Sam Kauona]].<ref name=gangs/> As chief of defence, he was one of the signatories of the [[Rotokas Record|Bougainville Peace Agreement]] and opposed the breakaway faction under [[Francis Ona]].<ref name=gangs/> Following the conflict, he enriched himself by becoming a broker in the reconciliation process, then providing "protection" to local businesses.<ref name=gangs/><ref name=pngattitude1/> He later became a [[cocoa bean|cocoa]] farmer.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.abg.gov.pg/index.php/news/read/ishmael-spends-more-time-on-cocoa-farming |title=Ishmael spends more time on cocoa farming |publisher= |date=22 August 2017 |accessdate=22 September 2020}}</ref> |
||
==Political career== |
==Political career== |
||
| Line 14: | Line 14: | ||
{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Toroama, Ishmael}} |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
[[Category:Bougainvillean politicians]] |
[[Category:Bougainvillean politicians]] |
||
| ⚫ | |||
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]] |
|||
{{ |
{{PapuaNewGuinea-politician-stub}} |
||
Revision as of 07:26, 22 September 2020
Ishmael Toroama is a Bougainvillean politician. He is a former commander in the Bougainville Revolutionary Army.
Toroama is from the Kongara Mountains in Central Boungainville.[1]
Civil war and aftermath
Toroama joined the Bougainville Revolutionary Army in the early days of the Bougainville Civil War and quickly became one of its field commanders.[1] In 1997 he was injured by a rocket-propelled grenade.[2] In 1999 he became the BRA's chief of defence, succeeding Sam Kauona.[1] As chief of defence, he was one of the signatories of the Bougainville Peace Agreement and opposed the breakaway faction under Francis Ona.[1] Following the conflict, he enriched himself by becoming a broker in the reconciliation process, then providing "protection" to local businesses.[1][2] He later became a cocoa farmer.[3]
Political career
Toroama repeatedly ran unsuccessfully for office following the signing of the Bougainville Peace Agreement and the establishment of the Autonomous Bougainville Government. In the 2010 Bougainvillean general election he ran unsuccessfully for the seat of South Nasioi, and in the 2012 Papua New Guinean general election he failed to win the seat of Central Bougainville.[1] In the 2015 Bougainvillean general election he ran for President, coming second to John Momis.[4]
In December 2019 he announced his intention to stand for President in the 2020 Bougainvillean general election.[5] He subsequently launched the Bougainville People’s Alliance Party to contest the Bougainville House of Representatives.[6] He performed well in the election, leading the count at the 21st elimination.[7]
References
- ^ a b c d e f Starygin, Stan (April 2013). "The Gangs of Bougainville: Seven Men, Guns and a Copper Mine" (PDF). Journal of Conflict Transformation & Security: 58-61. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
- ^ a b Keith Jackson (22 September 2020). "Ishmael Toroama – rebel, peace-maker, farmer, leader". PNG Attitude. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
- ^ "Ishmael spends more time on cocoa farming". 22 August 2017. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
- ^ "John Momis re-elected as Bougainville president, securing more than 50pc of votes". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 9 June 2015. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
- ^ "Toroama makes known intention to stand for presidency". Papua New Guinea Post-Courier. 6 December 2019. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
- ^ "Prominent Bougainvilleans make moves towards elections". Fiji Times. 20 June 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
- ^ "Former BRA man consolidates Bougainville presidency lead". RNZ. 22 September 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
 | This article about a Papua New Guinean politician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |